SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Intranuclear Space”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Response of silicon-based linear energy transfer spectrometers: implication for radiation risk assessment in space flights.

There is considerable interest in developing silicon-based telescopes because of their compactness and low power requirements. Three such telescopes have been flown on board the Space Shuttle to measure the linear energy transfer spectra of trapped, galactic cosmic ray, and solar energetic particles. Dosimeters based on single silicon detectors have also been flown on the Mir orbital station. A comparison of the absorbed dose and radiation quality factors calculated from these telescopes with that estimated from measurements made with a tissue equivalent proportional counter show differences which need to be fully understood if these telescopes are to be used for astronaut radiation risk assessments. Instrument performance is complicated by a variety of factors. A Monte Carlo-based technique was developed to model the behavior of both single element detectors in a proton beam, and the performance of a two-element, wide-angle telescope, in the trapped belt proton field inside the Space Shuttle. The technique is based on: (1) radiation transport intranuclear-evaporation model that takes into account the charge and angular distribution of target fragments, (2) Landau-Vavilov distribution of energy deposition allowing for electron escape, (3) true detector geometry of the telescope, (4) coincidence and discriminator settings, (5) spacecraft shielding geometry, and (6) the external space radiation environment, including albedo protons. The value of such detailed modeling and its implications in astronaut risk assessment is addressed.

Astronomy↗

PubMed1987

Giant cell pneumonia in Letterer-Siwe disease.

An 8 month-old girl suffered from Letter-Siwe disease since one week after birth. During the chemotherapy, giant cell pneumonia caused by measles virus infection developed and led rapidly to her death. Histopathologically, alveolar spaces were lined by multi-nucleated giant cells with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Electronmicroscopical examination of the lung revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies full of rod-shaped structures characteristic to paramyxoviruses, and irregular electron-dense materials compatible with nucleocapsid protein antigens in the cytoplasm. Additionally these giant cells were observed in the salivary glands, thyroid gland, thymus and lymph nodes. The measles virus antigen was detected immunohistochemically in these giant cells in the lungs and other organs. The specific antibody of measles virus is helpful to study the pathogenesis of giant cell pneumonia.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intranuclear Reinke's crystals in a testicular Leydig cell tumor diagnosed by aspiration cytology. A case report.

Fine needle aspiration cytologic findings in a Leydig cell tumor of the testis are described. Besides the rarity of case reports on fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of this tumor, the present case was of interest because of the finding of numerous intranuclear and intracytoplasmic Reinke's crystals as well as some lying free between the cells. In a few cells the intranuclear crystals were seen to orient themselves in a row, with a nipplelike protrusion of the nuclear membrane as if being pushed by the crystals. Besides the well-formed crystals, many nuclei showed irregular, thin, groovelike spaces that may have been earlier stages of crystal formation. These findings suggested the intranuclear formation of Reinke's crystals. Extranuclear crystals were seen to fuse in pairs and hence to appear thicker than the intranuclear crystals. The crystals lying free between the cells also showed a linear arrangement in places. The crystals were more numerous with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining. Intranuclear crystals were seen only in MGG-stained smears.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

A study of Russell bodies in human monoclonal plasma cells by means of immunofluorescence and electron microscopy.

Five patients with a serum M component were shown to possess plasma cells containing Russell bodies. Four of the patients suffered from multiple myeloma, whereas the fifth probably had a different disease or was in a premyeloma stage. The Russell bodies stained blue with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and were found both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the plasma cells. Ultrastructural studies showed that the Russell bodies were osmophilic and those located in the cytoplasm were always situated within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The intranuclear Russell bodies were always surrounded by a triple layered membrane, and some evidence was obtained that these bodies were first formed within the perinuclear space of the cells. Immunofluorescence studies using anti-L chain conjugates showed a positive marginate straining of the intranuclear as well as the cytoplasmic Russell bodies of the cells from all patients. Only one patient had cells with Russell bodies which also stained their location in the plasma cells. It is concluded that some plasma cells in multiple myeloma may produce an excessive amount of L chains which, in combination with a failure in the secretion of immunoglobulin molecules, may lead to the formation of Russell bodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Plication of the nuclear membrane and its derivatives in the polyploid cell nuclei of the rat trophoblast].

Folding pattern of the nucleus envelope and intranuclear membrane structures in trophoblast giant cells and in trophoblast of the intermediate region of the rat placenta have been studied. Cells of the intermediate region of the placenta demonstrate deep invaginations resulting in the appearance of lobulated nuclei. Invaginations of the nuclear envelope pass on a narrow fold made by an inner nuclear membrane. The polyploid nuclei of trophoblast giant cells have superficial folds and deeper finger-like invaginations in their envelopes. Such folding trophoblast nuclei in two populations examined are met throughout the whole ontogenesis of the cell. In the giant cells, individual intranuclear tubes or their accumulations are seen. The tubes are made by a unit membrane and are surrounded with a matrix. The nuclear chromatin, diffuse or condenced, is in association with the tube surface. The tubes are met near the nucleolus and on its surface, where these are surrounded with the granular component of the nucleolus. In the trophoblast of the intermediate region of the placenta, intranuclear concentric membranes have been found; made of paired membranes, intramembranous space being filled with electron dense matrix. The concentric membranes lie separately in the karyoplasm, not being associated with the chromatin.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Role of the promyelocytic leukemia body in the dynamic interaction between the androgen receptor and steroid receptor coactivator-1 in living cells.

The dynamic interaction between the androgen receptor (AR) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) was explored in living cells expressing chimeric forms of the receptor and the coactivator containing two spectral variants of jellyfish fluorescent protein. Laser scanning confocal imaging of transfected cells expressing fluorescently labeled SRC-1 revealed that in an unsynchronized cell population, the coactivator is distributed in approximately 40% cells as nuclear bodies of 0.2-1.0 microm in diameter. Immunostaining of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled SRC-1 (CFP-SRC1)-expressing cells with antibody to promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein showed significant overlap of the CFP fluorescence with the antibody stain. Cotransfection of cells with a plasmid expressing the CFP conjugate of Sp100 (another marker protein for the PML nuclear body) also showed colocalization of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-SRC1 containing nuclear foci with the PML bodies in living cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure revealed that the PML bodies are round to elliptical in shape with multiple satellite bodies on their surface. Some of these satellite bodies contain the SRC-1. Activation and nuclear import of CFP-AR by the agonistic ligand 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, but not by the antagonist casodex, transferred YFP-SRC1 from the PML bodies to an interlacing filamentous structure. In a single living cell, agonist-activated AR caused a time-dependent movement of YFP-SRC1 from the PML bodies to this filamentous structure. Additionally, coexpression of a constitutively active mutant of AR (AR-deltaligand binding domain) also displaced YFP-SRC1 from the PML bodies to this intranuclear filamentous structure. The fluorescence recovery after photobleaching approach was used to examine changes in the kinetics of movement of YFP-SRC1 during its mobilization from the PML bodies to the intranuclear filamentous structure by the agonist-activated AR. Results of the relative half-times (t(1/2)) of replacement of YFP-SRC1 within the photobleached region of a single PML body from its surrounding nuclear space supported the conclusion that SRC-1 is actively transported from the PML bodies to the intranuclear filamentous structure by the ligand-activated AR. This observation also suggests an interaction between AR and SRC-1 before its binding to the target gene. The PML bodies have been implicated as a cross-road for multiple regulatory pathways that control cell proliferation, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. Our present results along with other recent reports expand the role of this subnuclear structure to include the regulation of steroid hormone action.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed2005

White spot syndrome virus isolates of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricious) in India are similar to exotic isolates as revealed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy.

Microbiological analysis of samples collected from cases of white spot disease outbreaks in cultured shrimp in different farms located in three regions along East Coast of India viz. Chidambram (Tamil Nadu), Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) and Balasore (Orissa), revealed presence of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas spp. but experimental infection trials in Penaeus monodon with these isolates did not induce any acute mortality or formation of white spots on carapace. Infection trials using filtered tissue extracts by oral and injection method induced mortality in healthy P. monodon with all samples and 100% mortality was noted by the end of 7 day post-inoculation. Histopathological analysis demonstrated degenerated cells characterized by hypertrophied nuclei in gills, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ with presence of intranuclear basophilic or eosino-basophilic bodies in tubular cells and intercellular spaces. Analysis of samples using 3 different primer sets as used by other for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) generated 643, 1447 and 520bp amplified DNA products in all samples except in one instance. Variable size virions with mean size in the range of 110 x 320 +/- 20 nm were observed under electron microscope. It could be concluded that the viral isolates in India involved with white spot syndrome in cultured shrimp are similar to RV-PJ and SEMBV in Japan, WSBV in Taiwan and WSSV in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, China and Japan.

Aeromonas↗

PubMed1978

Interstitial pneumonia and subclinical infection after intranasal inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus.

Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common throughout the world, little is known about the means of person-to-person transmission. To determine whether infection could be established by a respiratory route, studies were conducted in a murine CMV (MCMV) model by using intranasal inoculation. The infectious dose which resulted in pulmonary and systemic infection of half the mice was 100 plaque-forming units of MCMV. Here, infection was subclinical, but virus replicated in the lungs and subsequently disseminated via the blood to other organs within 7 days. The serum immunofluorescence antibody titer peaked by day 21. None of these mice died, although focal peribronchial interstitial pneumonitis was found in infected animals. In mice given greater than or equal to 10(4) plaque-forming units of MCMV intranasally, severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis resulted uniformly, closely resembling that seen in immunocompromised patients and in newborn infants, and 20% of the animals died. Normal pulmonary architecture was obliterated by sheets of histiocytes, many containing MCMV intranuclear inclusions, and by accumulation of proteinaceous fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces. Of relevance to human disease, these experiments show that MCMV as a sole pathogen can cause severe interstitial pneumonitis in normal mice and that subclinical systemic infection results from respiratory inoculation of small amounts of virus.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Pseudorabies virus UL37 gene product is involved in secondary envelopment.

Herpesvirus envelopment is a two-step process which includes acquisition of a primary envelope resulting from budding of intranuclear capsids through the inner nuclear membrane. Fusion with the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane releases nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm, which then gain their final envelope by budding into trans-Golgi vesicles. It has been shown that the UL34 gene product is required for primary envelopment of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) (B. G. Klupp, H. Granzow, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 74:10063-10073, 2000). For secondary envelopment, several virus-encoded PrV proteins are necessary, including glycoproteins E, I, and M (A. R. Brack, J. M. Dijkstra, H. Granzow, B. G. Klupp, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 73:5364-5372, 1999). We show here that the product of the UL37 gene of PrV, which is a constituent of mature virions, is involved in secondary envelopment. Replication of a UL37 deletion mutant, PrV-DeltaUL37, was impaired in normal cells; this defect could be complemented on cells stably expressing UL37. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that intranuclear capsid maturation and budding of capsids into and release from the perinuclear space were unimpaired. However, secondary envelopment was drastically reduced. Instead, apparently DNA-filled capsids accumulated in the cytoplasm in large aggregates similar to those observed in the absence of glycoproteins E/I and M but lacking the surrounding electron-dense tegument material. Although displaying an ordered structure, capsids did not contact each other directly. We postulate that the UL37 protein is necessary for correct addition of other tegument proteins, which are required for secondary envelopment. In the absence of the UL37 protein, capsids interact with each other through unknown components but do not acquire the electron-dense tegument which is normally found around wild-type capsids during and after secondary envelopment. Thus, apposition of the UL37 protein to cytoplasmic capsids may be crucial for the addition of other tegument proteins, which in turn are able to interact with viral glycoproteins to mediate secondary envelopment.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Lesions in lambs experimentally infected with ovine adenovirus serotype 6 and Pasteurella haemolytica.

Twenty-five colostrum-deprived lambs reared in isolation were inoculated with a US variant of ovine adenovirus serotype 6 (OAV-6) strain RTS-151, Pasteurella haemolytica, or a combination of the 2 agents. Although severe pulmonary lesions were caused by each agent, the lesions were more severe and lasted longer with the combined infection. Lesions induced by OAV-6 alone developed 6-9 days after inoculation and lasted for 15 days, the length of the experiment. The lesions were characterized by suppurative inflammation at the junction of the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Air spaces were filled with neutrophils and sloughed epithelial cells, which often contained large intranuclear inclusions. Lesions induced by P. haemolytica alone developed within 1 day and persisted for no more than 10 days and were characterized by severe pulmonary edema with variable amounts of fibrin. Lesions induced by the combined infection had aspects of each infection alone and resulted in severe disease in 4 of 8 lambs that were permitted to live more than 1 day after inoculation with bacteria. Early pulmonary lesions included edema, limited fibrin deposition, and slight purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Later lesions included necrosis and more fibrin. For lambs inoculated with both pathogens, resolution was incomplete 15 days after inoculation of virus (10 days after inoculation of P. haemolytica). The results presented here corroborate previous findings indicating that the RTS-151 variant of OAV-6 is common in lambs and acts in concert with P. haemolytica to cause severe and often fatal pneumonia.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis.

An electron microscopic study was carried out on eleven surgical liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis. The tumor cells of histologically well differentiated cholangiocarcinoma had few cytoplasmic organelles. They contained relatively large nuclei, abundant free ribosomes and numerous groups of fine fibrils. Each cell was surrounded by a basement membrane. Numerous long microvilli were seen projecting into the glandular lumen. The moderately differentiated cholangiocarcinomatous cells exhibited increased organelle content, marked variation in the shape of the nuclei with deep cytoplasmic invagination into the nuclear membrane; there were small intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and shorter microvilli. The tumor cells showed intracellular microvillus-lined spaces, abundant free ribosomes, many fine fibrils and their surrounding basement membranes were incomplete. The ultrastructure of the poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma was similar to that of the moderately differentiated tumor, except for fewer microvilli, abundant cytoplasmic organelles, and ill-defined or absent basement membrane.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗

PubMed1971

Nuclear involvement poin xvirus infection.

During the first hours of infection with vaccinia virus, part of the chromosomal DNA of host cells is degraded, part of it is released from the cell, and part of it eventually appears in cytoplasmic foci associated with the reproduction of virus. The DNA of the infecting particle is first found attached to the chromosomes. Intranuclear foci of DNA incorporation appear later; these rapidly move out into the perinuclear space and eventually become typical cytoplasmic "virus factories." Each of these observations points to a more direct involvement of the nucleus in viral infection than was previously envisaged.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

A comparative electron microscopic study of leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma of the duodenum.

Comparison of ultrastructural features between leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma of the duodenum was made. There was no absolute difference between the two, but the following ultrastructural features of leiomyosarcoma were different from leiomyoma: (1) occasional conglomerations of mitochondria surrounded by granular endoplasmic reticulum; (2) quite rare presence of single cilia; (3) frequent occurrence of intranuclear inclusion bodies; (4) variability in nuclear size and shape; and (5) wide interstitial space with scanty collagen fibrils. Although both tumors were considered to be of smooth muscle origin, their ultrastructural features were distinctively different from the normal smooth muscle in some points. In addition to the light microscopic findings, ultrastructural features were considered to be valuable for distinguishing the malignant from the benign smooth muscle tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1986

Oral hairy leukoplakia: ultrastructural features.

Ten instances of a white plaque of the lateral tongue unique to homosexual males and referred to as oral hairy leukoplakia were analysed ultrastructurally. The surface epithelial layer exhibited extracellular, intracellular and intranuclear penetration by hyphae of Candida albicans, sometimes accompanied by coccobacilli in the extracellular space. The subcorneal epithelial layer included koilocytoid ballooned cells which had a paucity of cytoplasmic organelles and displayed condensation and emargination of the chromatin. Cells that exhibited these nuclear changes were found to be infected by a herpes-type virus which was visualized by electron microscopy in all ten cases. Clusters of nucleocapsids (86-110 nm in diameter) occurred in the nuclei and enveloped virions (111-175 nm in diameter) occurred in the cytoplasm and extracellular spaces. Virions showed budding from the nuclear envelope. Bundles of tubular structures (20 nm diameter) arranged in parallel occurred in the cytoplasm of some koilocytoid cells. There was no evidence by electron microscopy of the presence of papilloma virus within koilocytotic nuclei.

Candida albicans↗

PubMed2002

Nuclear lipid signaling.

Abundant evidence now supports the existence of phospholipids in the nucleus that resist washing of nuclei with detergents. These lipids are apparently not in the nuclear envelope as part of a bilayer membrane, but are actually within the nucleus in the form of proteolipid complexes with unidentified proteins. This review discusses the experimental evidence that attempts to explain their existence. Among these nuclear lipids are the polyphosphoinositol lipids which, together with the enzymes that synthesize them, form an intranuclear phospholipase C (PI-PLC) signaling system that generates diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]. The isoforms of PI-PLC that are involved in this signaling system, and how they are regulated, are not yet entirely clear. Generation of DAG within the nucleus is believed to recruit protein kinase C (PKC) to the nucleus to phosphorylate intranuclear proteins. Generation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 may mobilize Ca2+ from the space between the nuclear membranes and thus increase nucleoplasmic Ca2+. Less well understood are the increasing number of variations and complications on the "simple" idea of a PI-PLC system. These include, all apparently within the nucleus, (i) two routes of synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]; (ii) two sources of DAG, one from the PI-PLC pathway and the other probably from phosphatidylcholine; (iii) several isoforms of PKC translocating to nuclei; (iv) increases in activity of the PI-PLC pathway at two points in the cell cycle; (v) a pathway of phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3, which may have several functions, including a role in the transfer of mRNA out of the nucleus; and (vi) the possible existence of other lipid signaling pathways that may include sphingolipids, phospholipase A2, and, in particular, 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids, which are now emerging as possible major players in nuclear signaling.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Ultrastructural study of the response of cells infected in vitro with causative agent of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan.

The response of host cells L929 infected with causative agent of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis in Japan, the Katayama strain, was studied by electron microscopy. The rickettsiae penetrated the cytoplasm and multiplied here and after prolonged incubation progressed into the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), the perinuclear space, the deep invaginated nuclear membrane, and then the nucleoplasm of the host cells. The intranuclear rickettsiae showed different states: one type was enclosed by the double membrane of the host cell and the other type was free in the nucleoplasm. In addition to these double membrane-bound and membrane-free intranuclear rickettsiae, various membrane structures, including rER-like structures, were also found in the nucleus. The cells infected with the rickettsiae underwent distinctive morphological alterations which occurred mainly within intracellular membranes of the host cells. These findings indicate the possibility that the intracellular membranes are characteristic cytopathological sites in rickettsia-host cell interaction, and that these alterations may be related to a possible route of rickettsial penetration into the nucleus: passage through vesicles formed from invaginations in the nuclear membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Review: movement of mRNA from transcription site to nuclear pores.

Pre-mRNA is transcribed primarily from genes located at the interface between chromatin domains and the interchromatin space. After partial or complete processing and complexing with nuclear proteins, the transcripts leave their site of synthesis and travel through the interchromatin space to the nuclear pores for export to the cytoplasm. It is unclear whether transcripts are tethered within the interchromatin space and move toward the nuclear pores using a metabolic energy-requiring, directed mechanism or, alternatively, move randomly by a diffusion-based process. We discuss here recent progress in understanding this step of gene expression, including our experiments tracking the movement of intranuclear poly(A) RNA in living cells. Our results and those of others are most consistent with a model in which newly synthesized mRNAs diffuse throughout the interchromatin space until they randomly encounter and are captured by the export machinery. Because the export machinery appears to preferentially bind transport-competent mRNAs (complexed with the correct complement of nuclear proteins), this diffusion-based model for intranuclear RNA movement potentially allows for a significant level of posttranscriptional control of gene expression.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Nuclear lipid signaling.

There is now abundant evidence for the existence of phospholipids in the nucleus that resist washing of nuclei with detergents. These lipids are apparently not in the nuclear envelope, but are actually within the nucleus, presumably not in a bilayer membrane but instead forming proteolipid complexes with unidentified proteins. This review discusses the experimental evidence that attempts to explain their existence. Among these nuclear lipids are the polyphosphoinositol lipids which, together with the enzymes that synthesize them, form an intranuclear phospholipase C (PI-PLC) signaling system that generates diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)]. The isoforms of PI-PLC that are involved in this signaling system, and how they are regulated, are not yet clear. Generation of diacylglycerol within the nucleus is believed to recruit protein kinase C to the nucleus to phosphorylate intranuclear proteins. Generation of Ins(1,4,5)P(3) may mobilize Ca(2+) from the space between the nuclear membranes and thus increase nucleoplasmic Ca(2+). Less well understood are an increasing number of variations and complications on the "simple" idea of a PI-PLC system. These include, all apparently within the nucleus: (i) two separate routes of synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; (ii) two different sources of diacylglycerol, one being from the PI-PLC pathway, and the other probably from phosphatidylcholine; (iii) several different isoforms of PKC translocating to the nuclei; (iv) increases in activity of the PI-PLC pathway at two different points in the cell cycle; (v) a pathway of phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P(3), which may have several functions, including a role in the transfer of messenger RNA (mRNA) out of the nucleus; and (vi) the possible existence of other lipid signaling pathways that may include sphingolipids, phospholipase A2, and 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids.

Animals↗