PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Involuntary Fertility Control”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Public Law 100-461, Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989, 1 October 1988.

This Act does the following among other things: 1) prohibits using funds appropriated under the Act to lobby for abortion and 2) prohibits making development assistance funds available 1) to pay for abortions as a method of family planning (FP) or to motivate or coerce any person to perform abortions; 2) to pay for involuntary sterilization as a method of FP or to coerce or provide any financial incentive to any person to undergo sterilization; 3) to pay for biomedical research that relates to the methods of, or performance of, abortions or involuntary sterilization as a means of FP; or 4) to any country or organization if the use of such funds by such country or organization would violate any of the abortion or involuntary sterilization provisions. It also reaffirms the commitment of the US Congress to population, development assistance, and the need for informed voluntary FP.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Public Law 100-202, Joint Resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1988, and for other purposes, 22 December 1987.

This US Act provides the following with respect to universal access to child immunization: "The Congress calls upon the President to direct the Agency for International Development, working through the Centers for Disease Control and other appropriate Federal agencies, to work in a global effort to provide enhanced support towards achieving the goal of universal access to childhood immunization by 1990 by 1) assisting in the delivery, distribution, and use of vaccines, including a) the building of locally sustainable systems and technical capacities in developing countries to reach, by the appropriate age, not less than 80% of their annually projected target population with the full schedule of required immunizations and b) the development of a sufficient network of indigenous professionals and institutions with responsibility for developing, monitoring, and assessing immunization program and continually adapting strategies to reach the goal of preventing immunizable diseases and 2) performing, supporting, and encouraging research and development activities, in both the public and the private sector, that will be targeted at developing new vaccines and at modifying and improving existing vaccines to make them more appropriate for use in developing countries. In support of this global effort, the President should appeal to the people of the US and the US private sector to support public and private efforts to provide the resources necessary to achieve universal access to childhood immunization by 1990." The Act also does the following with respect to various forms of bilateral assistance: 1) prohibits the use of funds for an organization or program that supports coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization; 2) prohibits the use of funds for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning (FP); 3) provides that in awarding grants for natural FP under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act no applicant shall be discriminated against because of such applicant's religious or conscientious commitment to offer only natural FP. In addition, the Act stipulates that with respect to appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services no funds will be used to perform abortions except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Involvement of fertilization antigen (FA-1) in involuntary immunoinfertility in humans.

Sera from immunoinfertile patients (n = 32) and fertile controls (n = 20) were analyzed for cross-reaction with a purified and characterized sperm-specific glycoprotein, the fertilization antigen (FA-1), employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immunoinfertile sera demonstrated a strong reaction with FA-1 when compared with fertile control sera. There was no correlation between the reaction of sera with FA-1 and the titers obtained through the sperm agglutination technique and the sperm immobilization technique. Immunoinfertile sera showed binding with the protein bands in the regions corresponding to FA-1 on Western blots involving sodium deoxycholate-solubilized human sperm. Antigens isolated with immunoaffinity chromatography involving immunoinfertile sera also demonstrated antigen bands corresponding to FA-1 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the seven immunoinfertile couples, three that had antibodies to FA-1 in the male as well as female partners demonstrated a block of fertilization (IVF) due to antibodies bound on the sperm surface. The anti-FA-1 antibody activity was detected in serum as well as in follicular fluid and seminal plasma. Immunoinfertile sera that showed an inhibition of human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster ova showed a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in penetration rates after absorption with FA-1. These results indicate that sera from immunoinfertile patients had antibodies reacting with FA-1, and these antibodies are involved in the fertilization process.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Infertility and pregnancy outcome in women with insulin-dependent diabetes. An epidemiological study].

A questionnaire survey comprising an unselected group of 18-49-year old women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and an age comparable control group was performed. Two hundred and forty-five (94%) of the diabetic women and 253 (88%) of the controls answered questions concerning fertility, pregnancy planning and pregnancy outcome. There was no difference in the cumulative rate of pregnancies in the two groups. The prevalence of involuntary infertility among the diabetic women was 17% and similar to that of controls. Compared to controls, diabetic women had significantly fewer pregnancies (mean 1.4 versus 1.7) and fewer births per pregnancy (70% versus 77%), and significantly more diabetic women were nulliparous (48% versus 38%). Only about half of all pregnancies were planned. In general the diabetic women reported that their diabetes had a negative influence on their attitude towards having children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of employing stringent methods to recruit fertile male controls.

Two methods of recruiting fertile male controls were evaluated and compared. The first group was recruited from the partners of women attending an antenatal clinic without obtaining details of their reproductive history. The second group was recruited after obtaining a detailed reproductive history from the couple and employing stringent entry criteria. Entry criteria for the second group included a length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of not more than 12 months and no previous episode of involuntary infertility for either partner. There were significant differences between the distributions of semen parameters obtained from the two groups, indicating that the selection criteria for "fertile" men significantly influence results obtained and therefore that it is important to employ stringent criteria for the recruitment of fertile male controls. The group which was recruited by stringent criteria (mean length of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of 3 months) was characterised by a significantly higher median concentration of spermatozoa which exhibited slow linear or nonlinear motility. This confirms the findings of a previous study which suggested that slow linear or nonlinear motility are superior forms of spermatozoal motion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Case-control study of whether subfertility in men is familial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that subfertility in men is familial and to examine the distribution of subfertility within families for consistency with a genetic cause. DESIGN: Case-control study and segregation analysis. SETTING: Two teaching hospitals in Leeds. SUBJECTS: Cases (probands) were men with an abnormal sperm count who attended a subfertility clinic and whose partners had no major factor contravening fertility. Controls were fathers of two or more children recruited through vasectomy clinics or a maternity department. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of involuntary childlessness among brothers with partners and among sisters and second and third degree male relatives. When possible clinical and laboratory details were obtained from involuntarily childless brothers. RESULTS: Seventeen of the 148 (11.5%) brothers of probands but none of the 169 brothers of controls had sought medical advice for childlessness (P < 0.0005). Four probands had more than one involuntarily childless brother. There were six further brothers whose childlessness was thought to be involuntary bringing the total prevalence of subfertility among brothers of probands to 16%. Segregation analysis was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance accounting for 60% of subfertility in men. Seventeen of the 346 (4.9%) uncles of probands and 10 of 420 (2.8%) uncles of controls were reported to be involuntarily childless (P = 0.09), but there was no difference in childlessness among sisters. In three families sperm counts from "affected" brothers confirmed the diagnosis and showed considerable similarities within but not between families. CONCLUSION: Subfertility in men has a familial component, and the observations are consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in over half the cases. Several different genes are probably involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in seminal plasma of patients under evaluation for involuntary childlessness.

Semen specimens from four groups of patients were evaluated for coagulation and fibrinolysis factors: a group of patients with infertile semen and involuntary childlessness (n = 35), a group with fertile semen and involuntary childlessness (n = 39), a group with fertile semen and proven fertility before vasectomy (n = 34) and a group with infertile semen after vasectomy (n = 147). The third patient group with proven fertility before vasectomy was considered as a control group. Only small amounts of fibrinogen, factor VIII:c, plasminogen, antithrombin III, fibrin monomers and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were detected in seminal plasma. The thrombin-antithrombin III, D-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator regular concentrations were measured and the D-dimer/thrombin-antithrombin III ratios calculated. The reference ranges were assessed and the quantities were compared in the different patient groups. Significant differences were demonstrated between the prevasectomy group (= control group) and both the postvasectomy and the infertility groups with respect to D-dimer and D-dimer/thrombin-antithrombin III ratio. We conclude that both coagulation and fibrinolysis play a part in coagulum formation and liquefaction of seminal plasma. The balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis (expressed as D-dimer/thrombin-antithrombin III ratio) was significantly different between the control group and the three patient groups. The coagulation/fibrinolysis balance was impaired in the semen from post vasectomy patients and from those with involuntary childlessness and the D-dimer/thrombin-antithrombin III ratios in both these patient groups were very similar.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1975

Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility.

A total of 415 women treated for laparoscopically verified pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were reviewed after 9.5 years. Of these, 88 (21.2 per cent) were involuntarily childless after one or more infection; in 72 cases (17.3 per cent) this was due to tubal obstruction; 263 (63.4 per cent) women became pregnant; 64 (15.4 per cent) were voluntarily childless. Tubal occlusion was diagnosed after one infection in 12.8 per cent, after two infections in 35.5 per cent, and after three or more infections in 75 per cent of the women. Tubal occlusion was more common after nongonorrheal than after gonorrheal salpingitis. Infertility varied with the inflammatory changes seen at laparoscopy. The ratio between ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies after the infections was 1/24. Chronic abdominal pain was reported by 18.1 per cent of the women. Corresponding findings in 100 healthy control subjects were: involuntary childlessness in three despite normal Fallopian tubes, one ectopic in 147 intrauterine pregnancies, and chronic abdominal pain in five cases.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility.

In the past decade, involuntary childlessness has become a major problem in many areas of the world. At the same time evidence confirms a link between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the burgeoning infertility problem. STDs can adversely affect fertility by three primary mechanisms: (1) pregnancy wastage; (2) neonatal deaths; and (3) obstruction of either male or female reproductive ducts. STD control programs have been effective in preventing sequelae of disease, including infertility. The first step in developing such a program is to identify the magnitude and distribution of the problem, and to identify the specific agents most commonly involved. Subsequently, an STD control program emphasizing the prevention of infertility, can be incorporated into the existing health care system whenever STDs are an important cause of infertility.

Chlamydia Infections↗