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PubMedDate not supplied

A Web terminology server using UMLS for the description of medical procedures.

The Model for Assistance in the Orientation of a User within Coding Systems (MAOUSSC) project has been designed to provide a representation for medical and surgical procedures that allows several applications to be developed from several viewpoints. It is based on a conceptual model, a controlled set of terms, and Web server development. The design includes the UMLS knowledge sources associated with additional knowledge about medico-surgical procedures. The model was implemented using a relational database. The authors developed a complete interface for the Web presentation, with the intermediary layer being written in PERL. The server has been used for the representation of medico-surgical procedures that occur in the discharge summaries of the national survey of hospital activities that is performed by the French Health Statistics Agency in order to produce inpatient profiles. The authors describe the current status of the MAOUSSC server and discuss their interest in using such a server to assist in the coordination of terminology tasks and in the sharing of controlled terminologies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

[Prions and Trypanosoma as a source of knowledge of the brain].

Recent research on prions and trypanosomes is reviewed as they constitute examples of how infectious agents can cause degenerative diseases or functional disturbances in the nervous system. Prions are novel, transmissible pathogens causing degenerative diseases of the central nervous system both in humans and in animals. Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker's (GSS) syndrome illustrate the acquired, sporadic and genetic manifestations of the human prion diseases, respectively. Prions are composed largely, if not entirely, of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein, which is a normal cellular protein occurring at high concentrations in the central nervous system. Specific mutations in the prion gene may cause the sporadic and hereditary human disease. S B Prusiner's group at the University of California has used genetic engineering techniques to recreate GSS syndrome by transplanting the mutated prion gene into mice in which the effects of the prion protein genes can then be studied. Trypanosomes are extracellular parasites which cause distinct functional disturbances of the nervous system, although they do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Factors are now being isolated in the interactions between the parasites and the immunesystem, and the effects of such factors on the functional properties of neurons are studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Generating MEDLINE search strategies using a librarian knowledge-based system.

We describe a librarian knowledge-based system that generates a search strategy from a query representation based on a user's information need. Together with the natural language parser AQUA, the system functions as a human/computer interface, which translates a user query from free text into a BRS Onsite search formulation, for searching the MEDLINE bibliographic database. In the system, conceptual graphs are used to represent the user's information need. The UMLS Metathesaurus and Semantic Net are used as the key knowledge sources in building the knowledge base.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

Automatic construction of knowledge base from biological papers.

We designed a system that acquires domain specific knowledge from human written biological papers, and we call this system IFBP (Information Finding from Biological Papers). IFBP is divided into three phases, Information Retrieval (IR), Information Extraction (IE) and Dictionary Construction (DC). We propose a query modification method using automatically constructed thesaurus for IR and a statistical keyword prediction method for IE. A dictionary of domain specific terms, which is one of the central knowledge sources for the task of knowledge acquisition, is also constructed automatically in the DC phase. IFBP is currently used for constructing the Transcription Factor DataBase (TFDB) and shows good performance. Since the model of knowledge base construction that is adopted into IFBP is carried out entirely automatically, this system can be easily ported across domains.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Clinical effectiveness in the post-anaesthesia care unit: how nursing knowledge contributes to achieving intended patient outcomes.

Clinical effectiveness in the post-anaesthesia care unit: how nursing knowledge contributes to achieving intended patient outcomes This paper reports part of an ongoing study on how nursing knowledge develops in practice and influences patient outcomes. The practice focus is post-anaesthesia nursing, an area which has been under-represented in nursing research. A qualitative approach was used to explore narrative data, collected by in-depth interviews, with 32 experienced post-anaesthesia nurses. Data analysis and interpretation were informed by a phenomenological perspective consistent with a research focus on individual experiences. Interpretation of the narratives gave rise to a description of knowledge development which occurred as nurses gained experience, drew on the available knowledge base, and used knowledge in practice. This led to the identification and description of 'referential' and 'effective' types of knowledge. Referential knowledge comprises the variety of external knowledge sources available to inform practice. When referential knowledge was incorporated into the personal knowledge of the individual nurse in everyday practice, it was transformed into effective knowledge which was used by nurses to achieve desired patient outcomes. The study findings indicate that nurses used effective knowledge as evidence for decision making and interventions in everyday practice. The key finding of the study is that effective nursing knowledge requires practice for its development.

Anesthesia↗