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PubMed1988

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in canine lymphosarcoma.

Studies on the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in canine lymphosarcoma have led to conflicting results. The biochemical and bone histomorphometric findings in canine lymphosarcoma were examined in 19 hypercalcemic and 17 nonhypercalcemic dogs with lymphosarcoma. Compared to the nonhypercalcemic group, the hypercalcemic dogs demonstrated an increase in fasting and 24-h calcium excretion, an increase in fractional phosphorus excretion, and a significant increase in nephrogenous AMP excretion. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and immunoreactive PTH levels were equivalent in the two groups. Quantitative bone histomorphometry performed on iliac crest biopsies revealed increased parameters of bone resorption in those hypercalcemic dogs with no evidence of tumor at the biopsy site, without a compensatory increase in bone formation. Acid-urea tumor tissue extracts from eight hypercalcemic and six nonhypercalcemic dogs were examined for adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity (ACSA). All tumors from hypercalcemic dogs contained ACSA, whereas none of the tumors from nonhypercalcemic dogs had ACSA. Further purification of one tumor extract yielded an adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein which appeared to interact specifically with the PTH receptor. We conclude that in some cases, hypercalcemia in canine lymphosarcoma is mediated by a tumor-derived circulating bone-resorbing factor which is distinct from PTH. ACSA detected in tumor tissue appears to be a reliable marker for the syndrome in vivo. The role of this activity in the pathogenesis of the syndrome remains to be determined.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1991

Histopathology and distribution of cells harboring bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral sequences in ovine lymphosarcoma induced by BLV inoculation.

Six sheep with lymphosarcoma induced by hypodermic inoculation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) materials were examined to elucidate the relation between pathologic lesions and integration of BLV provirus in cellular DNAs. Antibodies to BLV gp-antigens had been detected since the 3rd week after the inoculation, and BLV was positive when checked 3 months later. Lymphosarcomas followed the leukemic phase in 4 sheep. The other 2 sheep showed initial lesions of lymphosarcoma and were aleukemic clinically. Five animals were killed by enthanasia and autopsied at 2.5 to 3.5 years postinoculation (pi) because of their diseased condition. One animal died 10 years pi following the 4th leukemic episode. Sarcomatous lesions were confirmed grossly and histologically, and the proliferating neoplastic cells were classified into lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, lymphoblastic and histiocytic types. Integration of BLV provirus in cellular DNAs of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and neoplastic cells of sarcomatous lesions was examined by Southern blotting technique. BLV provirus was demonstrated in the PBL of all infected animals and in most of the sarcomatous lesions of the spleen, kidney and lymph nodes except 4 lymph nodes showing slight neoplastic infiltration. The results indicated that ovine lymphosarcoma could be caused by BLV and the cells carrying proviral information seemed to be disseminated and proliferate in the lesions.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Effects of the removal of the regional lymph nodes on the survival of mice bearing B 16 melanoma or EAkR lymphosarcoma.

This work presents data concerning the effect of tumor excision accompanied or not by the removal of the regional lymph node (RLN) on the survival time of mice bearing the EAkR lymphosarcoma or the B16 melanoma. The operations were performed at various times to study this effect in relation to tumor volume. Early tumorectomy, on day 6 for the EAkR lymphosarcoma, on day 10 for the B16 melanoma, prolonged significantly the survival time. The additional removal of the RLN abolished this beneficial effect. In the case of the EAkR lymphosarcoma, a beneficial effect on the survival time was in contrast observed after a total excision of the tumor accompanied by RLN removal performed on day 8. The two surgical procedures were ineffective in increasing the survival time when they were applied after the 8th day for the EAkR lymphosarcoma and after the 10th day for the B16 melanoma. These results suggest that the preservation of the RLN may be favorable for the host at least at an early stage of the tumor growth.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the clinical picture of lymphosarcoma and of a metastatic tumor of the orbit of another origin].

Clinical symptoms in patients with primary orbital lymphosarcoma, generalized lymphosarcoma involving the orbital tissues, and metastatic tumors of the orbit of another origin are analyzed. The orbital process has bee studied in 158 patients. The most frequent symptoms were ptosis and exophthalmos. Decreased visual acuity, pain, sensation of swelling in the orbit caused by rapid tumor growth were characteristic of metastases to the tumor and orbital lymphosarcoma in total system's involvement. In case of an isolated involvement of the orbit, lymphosarcoma ran a more swift course than metastases to the orbit and orbital lymphomas in systemic involvement which ran an aggressive course. These data cannot serve as differential diagnostic signs. The decisive information is provided by morphological examination of a biopsy specimen.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Pathology of lymphosarcoma in sheep induced with bovine leukemia virus.

Sixty-nine sheep were infected with bovine leukemia virus from bovine lymphosarcoma materials. Twenty-four developed lymphosarcoma and died from 13 to 66 (average, 29) months later. Circulating lymphocytes were increased to leukemia levels (70,000 to 403,000/cu mm blood) in only eight sheep within 2 to 3 months of death. Various lymph nodes and visceral organs including heart, abomasum, uterus, kidneys, and urinary tract were commonly affected as in cattle with the adult form of lymphosarcoma. In one sheep the skin was involved. The liver was involved in only one case. This was in contrast to more frequent involvement reported in literature for naturally occurring lymphosarcoma. The neoplasms in experimental sheep are regarded as a mixture of reticulum or histiocytic cells and lymphoid cells with transitional forms supported by a usually sparse and diffuse fibroplasia and a web of silver-staining reticulin fibers.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Influence of thymectomy on the susceptibility of cats to feline leukemia virus and lymphosarcoma.

Twelve cats were thymectomized at 5 weeks of age. Six of these cats were inoculated at 8 weeks of age and 6 at 4 months of age with the Rickard (R) strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which produces a high incidence of thymic lymphosarcoma. Two groups of age-matched nonthymectomized cats were inoculated with the same FeLV-R stock. Thymectomy prior to FeLV infection had no influence on the induction of viremia or the incidence of lymphosarcoma. In the FeLV-inoculated nonthymectomized cats, lymphosarcoma developed in the thymus. In the thymectomized cats, lymphosarcoma developed in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bone marrow, but the malignant lymphoblasts had surface markers characteristic of feline T lymphocytes. It was concluded that the presence of the thymus per se is not required for infection and oncogenesis by FeLV and that feline T lymphocytes may be transformed after peripheralization to other tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Hypocomplementemia associated with naturally occurring lymphosarcoma in pet cats.

Eighty cats were classified by indirect immunofluorescence and histologic diagnosis into four categories: normal, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infected; normal noninfected; lymphosarcoma-FeLV infected; lymphosarcoma, no FeLV present. All viremic cats with lymphosarcoma were found to be hypocomplementemic and activation of the complement system had occurred via the classical pathway. Sera of cats with lymphosarcoma in the absence of FeLV had varying levels of total hemolytic complement (TCH50) ranging from normal to hypocomplementemic. Approximately 50% of the cats that were viremic but histologically and clinically free of disease had TCH50 levels within normal range, and the remainder exhibited varying degrees of hypocomplementemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Development of leukemia and lymphosarcoma induced by bovine leukemia virus in sheep: a hematopathological study.

The hematological and neoplastic disorders induced in sheep by experimental bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection are described. Seventeen of 19 BLV-inoculated sheep developed a marked increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes by 36 months after the intraperitoneal injection of peripheral blood lymphocytes from a BLV-infected cow. This increase correlated with an increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes as demonstrated by the presence of surface immunoglobulins (SIg) and a high cell proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide and was considered to be a persistent B cell lymphocytosis. Lymphosarcoma developed in five BLV-infected sheep between 19 and 38 months postinoculation and was preceded in four out of five of these cases by an elevation in peripheral blood lymphocytes which began 4 to 26 months before death due to lymphosarcoma. The majority of tumor cells in all lymphosarcoma cases were of the centroblastic type, and in two cases in which the presence of SIg was assayed, the majority of tumor cells were SIg-positive. Thus, BLV-induced lymphosarcoma in sheep seems to be a B lymphocyte-derived tumor.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Spontaneous regression of lymphosarcoma in a dog.

Lymphosarcoma in a dog regressed without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The drugs administered to the dog before the regression were not sufficient to influence the neoplastic disease. During the next 12 months, the dog was evaluated periodically for signs of recurrence of the lymphosarcoma. The disease remained in clinical regression during this period. Spontaneous regression of lymphosarcoma in dogs is extraordinarily unusual. A variety of factors may affect remission in, and survival times of dogs with lymphosarcoma.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Uric acid and phosphorus excretion in dogs with lymphosarcoma.

Serum uric acid and phosphorus concentrations were determined for 27 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma before and after chemotherapy. Mean serum uric acid values in dogs before treatment were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those of a control group of healthy dogs. Serum uric acid values did not change after treatment. Of the 27 dogs, 13 had 24-hour urine collections to determine endogenous creatinine clearance and quantitation of uric acid and phosphorus excretion before and after treatment for lymphosarcoma. Mean values for 24-hour creatinine clearance before and after treatment were statistically similar in dogs with lymphosarcoma, although the values were lower than those in a normal range. Total urinary phosphorus excretions were increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after treatment without change in fractional excretion. Chemotherapeutic agents used accounted for the significant (P less than 0.05) increase in urine volume after treatment and may have affected the excretion of uric acid and phosphorus. Seemingly, dogs with uncomplicated lymphosarcoma rarely have renal dysfunction or clinically important alterations in uric acid or phosphorus excretion secondary to rapid tumor lysis. However, preexisting renal disease or systemic complications, such as hypercalcemia, may be associated with increased risk of further renal impairment during treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Fibroscopy in assessing the effectiveness of radiation therapy in cancer of the upper respiratory tracts and in lymphosarcoma of the tonsillar ring].

Proceeding from 2626 fibroscopic examinations of the upper respiratory tract during radiotherapy of 492 cancer patients, the most appropriate time of control endoscopic examinations have been defined, endoscopic criteria for the evaluation of the efficacy of therapy of primary tumors of different parts of the upper respiratory tract have been determined. The evaluation of the efficacy of therapy by the common otorhinolaryngological method was compared with that of the fibroscopic method of examination. The efficacy of radiotherapy by changing endoscopic pictures is most vividly expressed in laryngeal cancer after delivering the dose of 30-40 Gy (49-66 units of TDF), in laryngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer 50 Gy (82 units of TDF) and in lymphosarcoma of the throat ring 20 Gy (33 units of TDF). In the use of the speculum and fibroscopic methods difficulties in the organ inspection and differentiation of changes were noted in 31.7 and 16.1% of the cases including 64.3 and 11.9% in laryngopharyngeal cancer and 80.9 and 1.8% in nasopharyngeal cancer. Tumor regression in concomitant involvement of the tonsils by lymphosarcoma develops not uniformly. A positive time course is first of all noted in lymphadenoid masses: in the palatine and lingual tonsils and then in the pharyngeal, tubal and laryngeal tonsils. Complete tumor regression after irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy (33 units of TDF) is noted in 50% of lymphosarcoma patients. In 13.2% of cases doses of 50 Gy (82 units of TDF) and 60 Gy (99 units of TDF) are required for complete regression of lymphosarcoma of the throat ring.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1981

Goat lymphosarcoma from bovine leukemia virus.

A goat given inoculations of sheep lymphocytes from cultures that produced bovine leukemia virus (BLV) died 8 years later with lymphosarcoma. The tumors were located in various lymph nodes, the mesentery, omentum, body wall, and retrobulbar tissues. The BLV had been cultured from lymphocytes during the first year after the goat's infection, and persisting BLV antibodies could be demonstrated when the animal was 7.5 years old. BLV provirus was identified by molecular hybridization in the DNA of the goat tumors at the above five locations. The tumors were similar to those found in lymphosarcoma of the adult bovine type (BLV associated). Normal goat liver, normal calf thymus, and calf-type lymphosarcoma (not BLV associated) served as negative controls. Our serologic, histologic, and molecular hybridization studies are evidence that the lymphosarcoma was induced BLV.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa)--a case report].

We report a case of gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa). Lymphosarcoma was also seen in the small intestine, but there were no metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes , liver, and peritoneum. This suggest that lymphosarcoma was the primary cancer in both the stomach and small intestine. Microscopically, the early carcinoma was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma . Only two earlier cases of coexistent gastric lymphosarcoma and early gastric carcinoma have been reported in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1980

Histologic classification as a prognostic criterion for canine lymphosarcoma.

Neoplastic tissues from 72 dogs with lymphosarcoma were histologically classified according to the Rappaport schema to determine if the histologic features of the disease had any clinical or prognostic importance. Of 72 dogs, lymphosarcomas in 7 were classified as nodular (9.7%) and 65 were classified as diffuse (90.3%). The two principal cytologic types were lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and histiocytic, which composed 39% and 56% of the lymphosarcomas, respectively; whereas lymphocytic, well differentiated, mixed, and undifferentiated composed 6%. Clinically, all of the dogs were stage III or IV, according to the accepted criteria for canine lymphosarcoma. The overall complete remission rate was 64% and was defined as no clinical evidence of disease after 9 weeks of chemotherapy. Median remission among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and diffuse histiocytic (DH) groups of dogs was 42 days, 29 days, and 42 days (range, 0 to 1,095), respectively. Median survival for the same groups was 235 days, 190 days, and 173 days (range, 1 to 1,261), respectively. A logarithmic analysis of variance revealed no significant differences among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and DH groups relative to days remission, as well as to days survival. It was observed that those dogs with neoplasms classified as DH had longer remission durations. It would appear that for any one animal, histologic classification according to the Rappaport schema cannot be used as a prognostic criterion in predicting therapeutic response, remission, or survival.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

The ability of rat transplantable lymphosarcoma cells to synthesize immunoglobulins.

The hemolytic plaque assay of Jerne and Nordin has been used for the investigation of the ability of the transplantable rat lymphosarcoma cells to synthesize immunoglobulins. The data obtained indicate that in 3-4 days after antigen (sheep red blood cells) administration to the tumor-bearing rats, antibody (hemolysin) producers appear among lymphosarcoma cells. Most representative are the experiments on rats in which their own immune response was totally suppressed by X-ray irradiation. The induced hemolysis synthesis in rat lymphosarcoma cells persists at least 9 during successive transplantations of "primary immunized" tumors (45 cell generations). Total cytoplasmic RNA isolated from spleens of sheep red blood cells immunized rats induced hemolysin synthesis in lymphosarcoma cells in vitro. Such cells being inoculated into intact rats retained their ability to synthesize hemolysin up to 2-3 passages of tumor.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Metacarpal fracture associated with lymphosarcoma-induced osteolysis in a horse.

A 19-year-old Appaloosa gelding was reluctant to move. Radiography revealed diffuse, permeative lysis of the cortex and subchondral bone of the phalanges, third metacarpal bones, proximal sesamoid bones, radius, carpal bones, tibia, mandible, and nasal bones of the skull. A comminuted fracture of the distal aspect of the left third metacarpal bone was identified on a lateral to medial radiographic view of the left metacarpophalangeal joint. Histologic examination of the first phalanx, third metacarpal bone, and sternum revealed multifocal infiltrates of nodular lymphosarcoma in cortical and subchondral bone. Osteoclastic cavities were apparent in bone trabeculae contiguous with nodular foci of lymphosarcoma. Osteoclastic osteolysis was not evident at bone surfaces that were not directly adjacent to neoplastic cells. Although lymphosarcoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasia encountered in horses, diffuse neoplastic infiltration of cortical and subchondral bone of the appendicular and axial skeleton represents an unusual presentation of lymphosarcoma.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Sonographic findings in horses with mediastinal lymphosarcoma: 13 cases (1985-1992).

Sonographic findings correlated with necropsy findings in 8 of 9 horses in which the cranial portion of the mediastinum was evaluated by use of both methods. Cranial mediastinal masses were imaged as multilobular and homogeneously hypoechoic; a complex echogenic pattern was observed with necrosis within the mass. Pleural effusion was a common finding in horses with mediastinal lymphosarcoma. Cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid samples was useful in diagnosis of lymphosarcoma in 10 of 12 horses that had thoracentesis. Sonographic examination of the thorax and cranial portion of the mediastinum can aid in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphosarcoma in horses. Such examination should be performed in horses with clinical signs of cranial vena cava obstruction in which pleural effusion is detected, or when thoracic lymphosarcoma is suspected.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Immunopathologic study and characterization of the phenotype of transformed cells in sheep with bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma.

We used monoclonal antibodies and immunohistologic examination of lymph nodes, to elucidate the pathogenesis of lymphosarcoma induced by infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The superficial cervical lymph nodes from 3 BLV-infected but apparently healthy sheep and 5 sheep with full-blown lymphosarcoma were examined. We also investigated the integration of bovine leukemia provirus by use of Southern blotting. In lymph nodes from sheep lacking clinical signs of infection, in which the provirus had been integrated at multiple sites in the genome, many large hypertrophic follicles were observed in the cortex. These follicles had germinal centers consisting of CD4+T cells and B cells that expressed surface IgM (sIgM) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigens, but not B cell-specific B2 molecule. The percentage of CD4+T cells in the cortex was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the controls and sheep with lymphosarcoma. In all sheep with lymphosarcoma, the lymph nodes were completely destroyed by proliferating neoplastic cells, and in addition, small atrophic follicles, which consisted of normal B-cell marker-positive cells, were seen near the trabecula and the subcapsule. In these instances, neoplastic cells appeared to be a monoclonal population derived from a single CD5- B-cell lineage and to be classified as 2 types, CD5-CD4-CD8-B2+MHC class-II+sIgM+ and CD5-CD4-CD8-B2+MHC class-II+sIgM-. Moreover, CD8+T cells infiltrated diffusely throughout the tumorous lymph nodes apart from the atrophic follicles, and CD4+ cells were observed around atrophic follicles. Both types of T cells were small-size, normal lymphocytes with round and noncleaved nuclei, and were apparently non-neoplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗