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PubMed1976

Journal selection decisions: a biomedical library operations research model. I. The framework.

The problem of deciding which journal titles to select for acquisition in a biomedical library is modeled. The approach taken is based on cost/benefit ratios. Measures of journal worth, methods of data collection, and journal cost data are considered. The emphasis is on the development of a practical process for selecting journal titles, based on the objectivity and rationality of the model; and on the collection of the approprate data and library statistics in a reasonable manner. The implications of this process towards an overall management information system (MIS) for biomedical serials handling are discussed.

Book Selection↗
PubMed1991

The National Library of Medicine. Evolution of a premier information center.

From a small collection of medical publications in the Surgeon General's Office in 1836, the National Library of Medicine has developed into the leading repository of medical information in the world. Despite strong opposition and impediments from certain quarters, involving considerable machinations and intrigue, the determination of interested medical leaders and sympathetic members of Congress triumphed in having this remarkable institution established on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. As a participant in many of the negotiations preceding that decision, I have happily witnessed the transformation of the Library, long housed in cramped, makeshift quarters, to its present magnificent structures in the heart of our nation's foremost medical research center. Its prodigious collection of print, audiovisual, and electronic information; its imaginative research projects; its excellent outreach program; and its innovative services and products are indispensable to all practicing health professionals, scientists, and medical educators, as well as to journalists, government officials, and others. The ultimate beneficiary, of course, is the patient.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1973

The history of medical libraries from 2000 B.C. to 1900 A.D.

Tablets said to date back to 2000 b.c. represent the earliest medical writings so far discovered. The history of the medical library (defined as a place where a collection of medical writings is kept) is traced through ancient and medieval civilizations, and the dependence of advancement or decline on the attitude toward learning and knowledge is demonstrated.The change in structure of medical libraries that took place around the 1500s with the development of scientific societies is discussed. Medical libraries of Colonial America are described and the history is brought forward to the era of public library collections of medical material in the early 1900s.

American Medical Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensory organization of the human thalamus.

A computerized program has been developed for on-line display and tape-library storage of stimulation-mapping data collected during stereotactic procedures. Using computer-generated displays of pooled clinical physiological data it has been possible to map through the upper midbrain and thalamus the lemniscal, spinoquintothalamic, auditory, vestibular, visual, extrapyramidal, and motor pathways, as well as the location of the pia. Each system is recognizable by a stereotyped, artificial, somatotopically organized stimulation-induced response that is devoid of modality information and independent of the site and parameters of stimulation.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1967

Basic reference aids for small medical libraries.

Selected primarily for the small medical library, this list is compiled to serve as a practical guide for the librarian in developing and utilizing an effective reference collection. Arrangement is by broad subject groups; titles chosen are chiefly in English with geographic coverage limited to the United States and Canada. Texts in subject fields have been omitted since these are adequately covered in several comprehensive guides to the literature.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1990

The consequences of offering fee-based services in a medical library.

Fee-based services may influence, both subtly and dramatically, the operation of a medical library. Fears that have been raised about the consequences of fee-based services are recalled and applied to the context of medical librarianship. Specifically covered are the effects of fee-based services on service to traditional user groups, collection development, interlibrary cooperation, and management style. The discussion includes references to the program of fee-based services offered by the New York Academy of Medicine Library.

Fees and Charges↗
PubMed1971

Creating the library itself: collection, staff, and space.

It is stressed that many points must be settled between the librarian and the planners. Relationships between the library and the medical school and the university library should be made clear. The librarian must be intimately involved with the architect, with the selection of faculty, and with the planning of curriculum. Consideration is given to problems of collection building in the areas overlapping with other institutions and of journal collections. Cataloging is considered, and the need to develop accounting procedures.

Book Collecting↗
PubMed2025

Inference and visualization of complex genotype-phenotype maps with gpmap-tools.

Understanding how biological sequences give rise to observable traits, that is, how genotype maps to phenotype, is a central goal in biology. Yet our knowledge of genotype-phenotype maps in natural systems is limited due to the high dimensionality of sequence space and the context-dependent effects of mutations. The emergence of Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs), along with large collections of natural sequences, offer new opportunities to empirically characterize these maps at an unprecedented scale. However, tools for statistical and exploratory analysis of these high-dimensional data are still needed. To address this gap, we developed gpmap-tools (https://github.com/cmarti/gpmap-tools), a python library that integrates a series of models for inference, phenotypic imputation, and error estimation from MAVE data or collections of natural sequences in the presence of genetic interactions of every possible order. gpmap-tools also provides methods for summarizing patterns of epistasis and visualization of genotype-phenotype maps containing up to millions of genotypes. To demonstrate its utility, we used gpmap-tools to infer genotype-phenotype maps containing 262,144 variants of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence from both genomic 5'UTR sequences and experimental MAVE data. Visualization of the inferred landscapes consistently revealed high-fitness ridges that link core motifs at different distances from the start codon. In summary, gpmap-tools provides a flexible, interpretable framework for studying complex genotype-phenotype maps, opening new avenues for understanding the architecture of genetic interactions and their evolutionary consequences.

Gaussian process↗
PubMed1979

A regional cooperative acquisition program for monographs.

A cooperative acquisition program for monographs for the twelve resource libraries in Region IX of the Regional Medical Library Network is described. Each of the participating libraries has agreed to purchase all books of an assigned publisher which fall within a prescribed subject-format profile. It is hoped that this will help to reduce unnecessary duplication and contribute toward the development of resources in the region.

Book Classification↗
PubMed1972

Document delivery capabilities of major biomedical libraries in 1968: results of a national survey employing standardized tests.

The standardized Document Delivery Tests (DDT's) developed earlier (Bulletin 56: 241-267, July 1968) were employed to assess the capability of ninety-two medical school libraries for meeting the document needs of biomedical researchers, and the capability of fifteen major resource libraries for filling I-L requests from biomedical libraries. The primary test data are summarized as statistics on the observed availability status of the 300 plus documents in the test samples, and as measures expressing capability as a function of the mean time that would be required for users to obtain test sample documents. A mathematical model is developed in which the virtual capability of a library, as seen by its users, equals the algebraic sum of the basic capability afforded by its holdings; the combined losses attributable to use of its collection, processing, relative inacessibility, and housekeeping problems; and the gain realized by coupling with other resources (I-L borrowing). For a particular library, or group of libraries, empirical values for each of these variables can be calculated easily from the capability measures and the status statistics. Regression equations are derived that provide useful predictions of basic capability from collection size. The most important result of this work is that cost-effectiveness analyses can now be used as practical decision aids in managing a basic library service. A program of periodic surveys and further development of DDT's is recommended as appropriate for the Medical Library Association.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1992

The medical libraries of Vietnam--a service in transition.

The medical libraries of Vietnam maintain high profiles within their institutions and are recognized by health care professionals and administrators as an important part of the health care system. Despite the multitude of problems in providing even a minimal level of medical library services, librarians, clinicians, and researchers nevertheless are determined that enhanced services be made available. Currently, services can be described as basic and unsophisticated, yet viable and surprisingly well organized. The lack of hard western currency required to buy materials and the lack of library technology will be major obstacles to improving information services. Vietnam, like many developing nations, is about to enter a period of technological upheaval, which ultimately will result in a transition from the traditional library limited by walls to a national resource that will rely increasingly on electronic access to international knowledge networks. Technology such as CD-ROM, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and satellite telecommunication networks such as Internet can provide the technical backbone to provide access to remote and widely distributed electronic databases to support the information needs of the health care community. Over the long term, access to such databases likely will be cost-effective, in contrast to the assuredly astronomical cost of building a comparable domestic print collection. The advent of new, low-cost electronic technologies probably will revolutionize health care information services in developing nations. However, for the immediate future, the medical libraries of Vietnam will require ongoing sustained support from the international community, so that minimal levels of resources will be available to support the information needs of the health care community. It is remarkable, and a credit to the determination of Vietnam's librarians that, in a country with a legacy of war, economic deprivation, and international isolation, they have somehow managed to provide a sound basic level of information services for health care professionals.

Communism↗
PubMed1992

Louis Gdalman, pioneer in hospital pharmacy poison information services.

The role played by hospital pharmacist Louis Gdalman in the development of poisoning information services in the Chicago area is described. In the 1930s, decades before the creation of the Chicago Poisoning Control Program, Louis Gdalman had already established a poison information service at St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago. Pharmacists provided poison information to the physicians and nurses working in the emergency room. By the early 1950s, Gdalman had established an extensive library of information on the management of acute and chronic poisoning and had developed a standard form for the collection of data from poison information calls. He personally provided a 24-hour poison information service and often took calls at home. In 1953, the American Academy of Pediatrics initiated the Chicago Area Poisoning Control Program and established treatment and referral centers at 11 hospitals, including St. Luke's Hospital. Louis Gdalman was the only pharmacist involved in this city-wide program. By 1962, the Master Poison Control Center was established at St. Luke's Hospital, which had merged with Presbyterian Hospital in 1956. Today, this center, known as the Chicago and Northeastern Illinois Regional Poison Control Center, is located at the Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. Louis Gdalman, a hospital pharmacist, pioneered the area of poison information and established what was perhaps the first hospital-based comprehensive poison control center.

Chicago↗
PubMed1976

NLM Medical Library Resource Improvement Grant Program: an evaluation.

The Extramural Programs, NLM, undertook a staff study to evaluate the Medical Library Resource Improvement Grant Program in order to determine impact on hospital library development and to assess factors significant to regional medical library (RML) network development. Initiated in fiscal year 1971, the improvement grant program provides one-year, one-time grant awards of a maximum of $3,000 to assist in establishing a basic collection of books, journals, and other health science information resources for community hospitals and comparable health facilities. Applicants who received grant awards were compared to applicants who did not receive awards and to nonapplicants, using nine dependent variables, four independent variables, and responses to an RML questionnaire. Results show that the applicants who received awards outperformed the other groups, and that the improvement grant program has been successful in stimulating library development. As a result of this study, the improvement grant program will be modified to support consortium arrangements as well as individual institutions, and to extend the period of grant support to two years. Future grant support will be a maximum of $4,000 in the first year, and up to $3,000 with a provision of $1,000 in matching funds from the grantee in the second year.

Economics, Hospital↗
PubMed1978

Friends of the library groups in health sciences libraries.

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center (HAM--TMC) Library collected data on friends of the library groups from 103 health sciences libraries, using a mail questionnaire. Sixteen of the responding libraries had independent friends groups; seven had friends groups that were subordinate to a university group. The sixteen independent groups gave as their major purposes (1) to raise money for their associated library and (2) to develop support for their library. These groups contributed an average of $4,870 a year to their libraries, the money being used primarily to purchase rare books and working-collection books and to sponsor social events. The subordinate groups contributed relatively little money to the health sciences libraries responding to the survey.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1966

Mechanization in a new medical school library. II. Serials and circulation.

The serials and circulation phases of the data-processing system in use at the University of New Mexico Library of the Medical Sciences are described. The development of the programs is also reported. The serials program uses simple punched card equipment. The circulation program uses the IBM 357 Data Collection System and punched card data-processing equipment.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1978

LATCH at the Washington Hospital Center, 1967-1975.

Immediate access to needed information is essential if medical personnel are to provide quality health care. At the Washington Hospital Center, Literature Attached to Charts, LATCH, was created in 1967 to provide the required information quickly. As a collection of a few relevant articles attached to the patient's chart, it supplies current literature on some aspect of the patient's illness. Following an account of the program's inception, an analysis of 1,935 LATCH requests for the years 1968--1975 reveals that new physicians, that is, interns and first-year residents, requested LATCHes most often. Requests in areas of internal medicine were the most common. The data also show that the program has been well received by its users. LATCH has affected the medical library in several ways. The program has been partially responsible for increases in staff, in the number of journal subscriptions, and in the number of literature searches requested. The program has also brought about greater access to the collection via the card catalog. An important effect has been the tremendous development of professional expertise in the staff preparing the LATCH.

Humans↗