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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The safety and efficacy of terazosin in the treatment of essential hypertension in blacks.

Terazosin, a new selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been found to be an effective antihypertensive agent. In a series of studies, the safety and efficacy of terazosin, alone and in combination with other antihypertensive agents, were evaluated in 1180 black patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Terazosin was effective in lowering blood pressure when administered alone (in dosages of 1 to 80 mg/day) and when prescribed (in dosages of 1 to 20 mg/day) in combination with other antihypertensive agents. In elderly black patients, terazosin, 1 to 10 mg daily, was as effective in lowering blood pressure as propranolol (40 to 120 mg twice daily). Changes (mean +/- SE) in sitting diastolic blood pressure from baseline were -8.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg for terazosin and -5.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg for propranolol. Terazosin (5 mg) combined with methyclothiazide (2.5 to 5 mg) produced a significantly greater (p less than 0.01) antihypertensive effect than that of terazosin alone. Changes (mean +/- SE) in standing diastolic blood pressure from baseline were -7.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg for terazosin alone, -15.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg for terazosin plus 2.5 mg of methyclothiazide, and -15.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg for terazosin plus 5 mg of methyclothiazide. Terazosin had a favorable effect on serum lipid levels and appeared to compensate for the negative lipid effects associated with diuretics and beta-blockers when used in combination with these agents. Terazosin, alone and combined with other antihypertensive agents, was well tolerated with minimal side effects in black hypertensive patients.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Arginine reversion and lambda induction in E. coli with benzothiadiazine diuretics irradiated with near-ultraviolet light.

Photoinduced genotoxicity of benzothiadiazine diuretics was studied with regard to mutagenic and lambda prophage-inducing activities in E. coli. Irradiation of E. coli with near-ultraviolet light in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide or methyclothiazide caused mutations of strain Hs30R argF(Am) to the prototrophic phenotype and induction of lambda from the lysogenic bacteria AB1157(lambda). Both drugs showed nearly the same amount of activity. Penfluzide showed much less mutagenic and much less prophage-inducing activity than did hydrochlorothiazide and methyclothiazide.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1988

Uric acid renal handling: spontaneous changes and influence of a thiazide alone or associated with triamterene.

The spontaneous changes in renal handling of uric acid, the consequences of methyclothiazide (M) and of a combination of M with three doses of triamterene (25, 50, 75 mg) were assessed in eight normal men, in a ten-week placebo controlled, double-blind study. In untreated subjects, significant correlations were found between blood uric acid (bUA) and UAV, between bUA and FeUA, between FeUA and plasma renin activity (PRA) and between bUA and PRA. Spontaneous variations in bUA and UAV were shown to be predominantly dependent on changes in sodium status. All diuretics significantly increased bUA and decreased FeUA. Under diuretics, bUA kept correlations with FeUA and PRA similar to that observed in untreated subjects indicating that the changes were dependent only on variations in renal transport induced by changes in sodium status. Addition of triamterene to methyclothiazide significantly lessened the thiazide induced abnormalities in UA.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Initial treatment of the young hypertensive: thiazide diuretic or beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent in a single daily dose?

1. Nine men aged 20-33 years with essential hypertension measured their own blood pressure at home, lying and standing, three times daily, under conditions of everyday living. The last 14 days' readings (eighty-four observations) from control and treatment periods of at least 4 weeks' duration were used to calculate mean pressures. 2. In eight patients, propranolol (40 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered "mean blood pressure" (diastolic+1/3[systolic-diastolic]) but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not. In five subjects, prindolol (5 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered "mean blood pressure" but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not. 3. In six subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking propranolol doses 120 mg with breakfast, 60 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 40 mg with each meal. In five subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking metoprolol 200 mg with breakfast and 100 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal. In four subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking prindolol 30 mg with breakfast, 15 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 10 mg with each meal. 4. In young males with essential hypertension, beta-adrenoreceptor blockers were more effective than a thiazide diuretic in lowering blood pressure, and were effective in a single daily dose.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

The derivative spectrophotometric and IP-RP-HPLC determination of the Lometazid tablets.

In this paper the second-derivative spectrophotometric and ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of some diuretic ingredients are described. Optimal conditions of both techniques for the quantitative analysis of the two-component diuretic mixture of the Lometazid tablets were settled. The second-derivative order of the spectra in sodium hydroxide with the wavelength modulation was used. For the determination of amiloride hydrochloride the 'zero-crossing' technique was applied, but for methyclothiazide the peak amplitude had to be corrected. In the ion-pair RP-HPLC technique tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was applied as an ion-pairing agent using acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (45:55 v/v) as a mobile phase. The validation was done of both proposed methods.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1986

Alpha-1-adrenergic blockade and lipoprotein metabolism in essential hypertension.

The effect of the selective alpha 1-antagonist terazosin on serum lipoproteins and certain blood pressure-regulating factors was assessed in 15 patients with essential hypertension. Terazosin given during 8 weeks reduced arterial pressure (from 153/103 +/- 3/2 (SE) to 143/96 +/- 5/2 mm Hg; P less than 0.02) but did not modify body weight, heart rate, blood volume, plasma renin activity, aldosterone and catecholamine levels, or serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and their lipoprotein fractions. In nine of the patients, blood pressure control was not achieved with terazosin monotherapy and the diuretic methyclothiazide, 2.5 mg, was added. After 8 weeks of combined treatment, blood pressure decreased further (P less than 0.05); serum lipids and lipoprotein fractions did not change as compared with placebo or terazosin conditions. These findings indicate that terazosin in monotherapy does not unfavorably influence lipid metabolism.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of mineralocorticoid-resistant renal hyperkalemia with hypertension (type II pseudohypoaldosteronism).

A 16 year old girl with the rare syndrome characterised by hypertension, hyperkalemia, and acidosis was treated with a range of drugs, including thiazides, frusemide, and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. None of the agents normalised the hypertension and biochemical abnormalities. Best results were obtained with methyclothiazide in full dosage, which normalised the blood pressure, serum potassium level, and bicarbonate level in the face of increased plasma renin activity. Empirical treatment with thiazides is the most satisfactory method for long term management.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1984

KCl inhibits hypothalamic activity to attenuate hypertension in DOCA-salt rats.

Potassium supplementation attenuated the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats but did not affect blood pressure in control rats. However, it caused a decrease in body weight in both groups of rats. Sympathetic nerve and pressor responses either to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus or to intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl were enhanced in DOCA-salt rats but were normalized by KCl supplementation. Since the pressor responses to injected norepinephrine or tyramine remained unaltered by KCl treatment, a peripheral inhibition of cardiovascular reactivity was considered unlikely. Pretreatment with methyclothiazide also attenuated the elevation in blood pressure but did not affect the responsiveness to hypothalamic stimulation; hence increased natriuresis or diuresis alone could not account for the effects induced by KCl. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that KCl supplementation attenuates the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats by acting on the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic output.

Anesthesia↗