PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Malocclusion, Angle Class II”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

A new approach of assessing sagittal discrepancies: the Beta angle.

An accurate anteroposterior measurement of jaw relationships is critically important in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The angular and linear measurements that have been proposed can be inaccurate because they depend on various factors. The purpose of this study was to establish a new cephalometric measurement, named the Beta angle, to assess the sagittal jaw relationship with accuracy and reproducibility. This angle uses 3 skeletal landmarks-point A, point B, and the apparent axis of the condyle-to measure an angle that indicates the severity and the type of skeletal dysplasia in the sagittal dimension. Seventy-six pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of white patients were selected on the basis of 4 criteria that indicate a normal Class I skeletal pattern; the mean and the SD for the Beta angle were calculated. This group was compared with Class II and Class III skeletal pattern groups. After using the 1-way analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test and running receiver-operating-characteristics curves, we obtained results that showed that a patient with a Beta angle between 27 degrees and 35 degrees can be considered to have a Class I skeletal pattern. A more acute Beta angle indicates a Class II skeletal pattern, and a more obtuse Beta angle indicates a Class III skeletal pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The prevalence of malocclusion amongst Hong Kong male dental students.

The prevalence of malocclusion and treatment need amongst young Chinese adults has not previously been documented in Hong Kong. One-hundred-and-eight Chinese male first year dental students were assessed using the Occlusal Index. It was found that 41.7 per cent of the 108 needed orthodontic treatment and 24.1 per cent needed comprehensive orthodontic treatment to correct major malocclusions. The most commonly occurring feature was crowding (38.9 per cent), followed by Class II malocclusion (21.3 per cent), and Class III malocclusion (14.8 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Psychologic implications of orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class II or Class ill malocclusion.

The psychologic profile of 100 consecutive patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for correction of Class II or Class III malocclusion was monitored in a prospective observational study. Patients and their relatives or friends completed questionnaires about their self-image before surgery, 6 weeks postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. Preoperatively, patients with Class III malocclusion felt significantly less attractive (P = .03), had slightly higher attention to physical appearance, and had slightly stronger feelings of insecurity regarding their facial appearance compared with Class II patients. Grading of attractiveness/self-confidence improved significantly in Class III patients at 6 weeks postoperatively (P = .006), while in Class II patients the improvement was less pronounced and only significant at 6 months postoperatively (P = .002). Grading of attractiveness/self-confidence by relatives/friends of patients with Class II and Class III was similar preoperatively, but was significantly higher for Class III patients 6 weeks postoperatively in comparison with Class II patients (P = .048). These data indicate that the psychologic profiles are significantly different between Class II and Class III patients preoperatively and show different dynamics postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Findings for validity of Dresden cephalometric (by Hasund)].

Cephalometric analysis is essential in order to evaluate treatment results. 202 patients were investigated for the validity of the norm values according to Hasund. In order to test the validity of the growth prediction methods of Björk and Petrovic 23 class II div. 1 and 21 class III patients were analysed before and after treatment and the treatment results achieved compared with the growth prediction values. The results of the norm value tests showed that the population in Saxonia is more retrognath than that in the northern region of Germany (Hasund norm group). The study also showed that the Björk growth prediction and the Petrovic growth categories were not specific enough and it is therefore suggested that separate growth prediction methods should be used in class II div. 1 and class III groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The relationships between the EMG excitation pattern of the masseter muscle and the facial skeletal morphology].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between malocclusions and the electromyographic activity of the orofacial muscles as this activity reveals itself through multi-channel, simultaneous recording of surface potentials from the masseter muscle. Thirty adults with class II or class III malocclusion formed the study's patient base. Surgical correction of the anomaly was planned for all patients. Ten patients served as the control group. In addition to the standard diagnosis, EMG were recorded during various stress situations such as maximal intercuspidations, chewing, swallowing, and mandible protrusion. We obtained a so-called "myomap" by means of the simultaneous multi-channel recording of the surface potential of the right masseter. Comparison of the EMG revealed a higher activity from the masticatory muscles in the class II cases than in the class III cases. The analysis of the masseter excitation pattern brought to light interesting differences. A higher activity on the lower margin of mandible in the area of the superficial part of masseter was found in the class II cases, whereas contrary to this an increase in EMG activity was found above the deep part of masseter in class III cases. The differing distribution of excitation of the 2 parts of the muscle in class II and class III malocclusions confirms the correlation between muscle function and morphology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Congenital tooth anomalies and malocclusions: a genetic link?

The aim of the present study was to investigate putative relationships between different malocclusions such as Class III and Class II division 1, and congenital tooth anomalies. Two-hundred Class III and 215 Class II division 1 patients were examined for the presence of any of the following congenital tooth anomalies: maxillary incisor hypodontia, maxillary canine impaction, transpositions, supernumerary teeth, and tooth agenesis. Their occurrence rates were then calculated as a percentage of the total sample and were compared for statistical differences. The results revealed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the occurrence rates of upper lateral incisor agenesis, peg-shaped laterals, impacted canines, or supernumerary teeth between the Class III and the Class II division 1 malocclusions. When the occurrence rate of all congenital tooth anomalies was compared between the two malocclusions, Class III subjects showed significantly higher rates (P < 0.05). Comparison with published surveys on general populations showed similar occurrence rates. It can be concluded that subjects with Class III and Class II division 1 malocclusions show patterns of congenital tooth anomalies similar to those observed in the general population. Congenital tooth anomalies may represent another criterion for the study of malocclusion, with respect to their origin and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Determination of Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on various cephalometric measurements.

Receiver operating characteristic analysis is an excellent method for evaluating and comparing the performance of diagnostic tests. The purpose of this study was to use the receiver operating characteristic analysis to evaluate the diagnostic ability of several cephalometric measurements in determining the presence of Class II and Class III skeletal patterns. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed on 976 cases. Fifteen cephalometric measurements were evaluated. A computer software program ROC ANALYZER was used to tabulate the areas under the curves and to perform the statistical comparison between the curves. The results of this study indicated that the Anteroposterior Dysplasia Indicator had the best diagnostic ability in identifying cases with Class II and Class III skeletal patterns. WITS Appraisal and Overjet were highly effective in diagnosing cases with Class II skeletal pattern. WITS Appraisal, Convexity, AB Plane Angle and Overjet also performed well in diagnosing cases with Class III skeletal pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The influence of mandibular prominence on facial attractiveness.

This study examined the attractiveness of facial profiles. One hundred and two social science students (28 males and 74 females) rated the attractiveness of a series of silhouettes with normal, Class II or Class III profiles. A random sequence of 10 images included an image with the Eastman normal SNB value of 78 degrees, and images with SNB values of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 degrees above and below normal. A duplicate image in each sequence was used to assess reproducibility. The participants scored the attractiveness of each image and also indicated whether they would seek treatment if each image was their own profile. The profile with the normal SNB angle of 78 degrees was rated as the most attractive. Attractiveness scores reduced as the mandibular profile diverged from the normal SNB value. The +5 degree profile (SNB = 83 degrees) was rated as significantly more attractive than the -5 degree profile (SNB = 73 degrees; P = 0.004). No other significant differences between the scores for Class II and Class III profile pairs of equal severity were found. At 10 degrees below the normal SNB (Class II), 74 per cent of the sample would elect to have treatment, while 78 per cent would elect to have treatment at 10 degrees above the normal SNB (Class III).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Bolton tooth size discrepancies in skeletal Class I individuals presenting with different dental angle classifications.

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and association of Bolton tooth size discrepancies with dental discrepancies. Forty-eight skeletal Class I, 60 Class II, and 44 Class III subjects with similar skeletal characteristics were included in this study. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean ratios of Bolton analysis as a function of the Angle classification and sex. To determine the prevalence of tooth size imbalances among the three groups of occlusions and the two sexes, chi-square tests were performed. To determine the correlation of tooth size imbalances with certain dental characteristics, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. No statistically significant differences were determined for the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies and the mean values of Bolton's anterior and overall ratios among the occlusal groups and sexes. Bolton's anterior ratio discrepancies had significant correlations with midline shifts (P < .05) in Angle Class I cases, with U1-SN angle (P < .01) in Angle Class II cases, and with L1-APog distance (P < .05) in Angle Class III cases. Bolton discrepancies related to overall ratio had significant correlations with overjet (P < .05) in Class I cases, with overbite (P < .05) and U1-SN angle (P < .01) in Class II cases, and with IMPA (P < .01) in Class III cases. A high prevalence of tooth size discrepancies in an orthodontic patient population and the statistically significant correlation of some of these with some dental characteristics suggest that the measurement of interarch tooth size ratios might be clinically beneficial for treatment outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Morphological associations between the Angle classes.

The association between the Angle classification and craniofacial form has been analysed with the aid of multiple linear regression analysis in a sample of 170 children, before orthodontic treatment had started. It was found that part of the differences between Class II, Class I, and Class III was accounted for by systematical variation in a coherent set of midface and cranial base dimensions. These variations were in harmony with each other: the cranial base angle Ba-S-N closed and the legs S-N and S-Ba shortened systematically from Class II, over Class I, to Class III. The juvenile mandible notably was not systematically different. Because the cranial base provides the framework for the maxilla to be built upon, it is concluded that in juveniles the midface above anything else creates the characteristic difference between the three Angle classes, not the mandible. The Angle classification of malocclusion, therefore, represents three arbitrary markers on a morphological continuum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Postpharyngeal lymphoid tissue in Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions.

Opinions differ with regard to the relationship of adenoids and type of malocclusion. To study this possible relationship, xeroradiographic lateral cephalograms were made of eighty Class I (Angle) and sixty-four Class II, Division 1 (Angle) malocclusions to obtain reliable measures of the epipharyngeal lymphoid tissue, the nasopharyngeal airway, the nasopharynx, and certain cephalometric landmarks. Xeroradiographic cephalograms provide superior visualization with edge-enhancement effect for both soft and hard tissues. Electronic digitization and a comprehensive computer analysis were used to assess the head films. Significant differences were found for some of the linear and angular cephalometric criteria between the two malocclusion categories. A sexual dimorphism was observed. These skeletal and dental differences were anticipated in this mixed malocclusion sample, as prior cephalometric studies which compare different classes of malocclusion have shown. Airway space did not appear to vary with the type of malocclusion. Some low-level correlations were found between the size of the nasopharyngeal area and certain skeletal characteristics. These correlations depended on both the malocclusion type and the sex of the individual. The lateral, two-dimensional cephalogram does not seem to offer satisfactory information relating the nasopharyngeal area to Class I or to Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

The study of the maxillary sinus areas in different orthodontic malocclusions.

In the present study, the maxillary sinus areas have been investigated on orthopantomographs of 103 male and 86 female subjects either with ideal occlusions or with malocclusions. It has been found that malocclusions and sex factors have no effect on the size of the maxillary sinuses, and that sex is a significant factor only in Angle Class II malocclusions. The female subjects with Angle Class II malocclusions have larger maxillary sinuses than the male subjects and the other groups of female subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of Class II high angle malocclusions with the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric investigation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the results of treatment of Class II malocclusions by using two different designs of the Herbst appliance. Cephalometric records from lateral headplates of 19 consecutively treated Class II cases were evaluated. The headplates were taken before and after the treatment stage in which the Herbst appliance was used. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group, normohypodivergent, was treated with the Herbst appliance attached to bands; the second group, hyperdivergent, was treated with the Herbst appliance attached to acrylic splints in which a high-pull headgear was also used. The results were compared between these groups and with a control group age-matched from Bolton standards to match the changes in the Herbst samples against what might be expected in case of normal growth during similar periods of time. The results of the investigation revealed the following: (1) 9 months of treatment resulted in Class I dental arch relationships in all 19 cases; (2) the Herbst appliance attached to bands did not significantly modify the vertical growth pattern of the normohypodivergent patients; and (3) in hyperdivergent patients, the use of a Herbst appliance attached to acrylic splints in conjunction with the use of a high-pull headgear allowed a better control of the vertical dimension, as assessed by the cephalometric parameters (FA, FMA, Go-Gn-SN). The clinician should be aware of the different dentofacial changes induced in the vertical plane by different designs of the Herbst appliance to better program treatment strategy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Craniofacial morphology in children with Angle Class II-1 malocclusion with and without deepbite.

The craniofacial morphology of children with Class II-1 malocclusion with and without deepbite was studied and compared with that of a control group of children with normal occlusion. Common for the Class II-1 children was a short mandibular corpus, which was probably the main reason these children had a distal basal jaw relationship. The Class II children with deepbite differed from the control group in ways. They had: 1) a distal relationship between points A and B; 2) a distal relationship between points A and pogonion; and 3) a discrepancy in length between the corpora of the two jaws. These deviations discriminated nearly 95% correct between the deepbite group and the controls. The most characteristic deviations in the Class II children without deepbite, in relation to the controls, were: 1) a distal relationship between points A and B; 2) a small angle between the nasal plane and the anterior cranial base; and 3) a long mental process. These deviations discriminated about 95% correct between the experimental group and the controls. Many of the craniofacial differences between the Class II groups could, theoretically, be explained by the MP-SN angle being, on average, 9 degrees larger in the children without deepbite. Most typical was that this group has 1) a larger lower anterior face height, 2) larger maxillary and mandibular incisal heights, and 3) a more obvious distal relationship between points A and pogonion. In combination, these differences discriminated correctly between the Class II groups in 90% and 97% of the cases.

Adolescent↗