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PubMed2002

Reflective practise in clinical teaching.

The present paper describes the process of reflective practise in clinical teaching through a workshop entitled 'Effective Clinical Teaching'. The clinical teachers were invited to analyze the content of a videotape in which various clinical teaching scenarios were presented. Following this, they discussed a series of questions designed to promote reflective activities and evaluated the interaction among the student, the client and the clinical teachers in each scenario. The teachers also identified the positive and negative aspects of the teaching approaches portrayed on the tape. Finally, the participants made recommendations that would improve the interaction and suggested alternate teaching strategies to enhance the learning outcome. In addition, there was sharing of clinical teaching experiences among the clinical teachers. Through this process of reflection on action, the clinical teachers were able to understand various teaching approaches as perceived by students, and to address the issues that might hinder student learning in clinical settings. Different reflective activities have also been proposed to enhance student's reflective learning skills.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Author misconduct: not just the editors' responsibility.

BACKGROUND: Researchers everywhere are under increasing pressure to publish in high quality journals. The amount of space available in a journal such as Medical Education has not kept pace with the rise in submissions. Against a background of fierce competition, authors sometimes cut corners. This may lead to misconduct. AIMS: This paper aims to explore the most common types of publication misconduct seen in the Medical Education editorial office, and to consider the reasons for this and the implications for researchers in the field. DISCUSSION: This paper looks at the work of the Committee on Publication Ethics and describes the type of routine, low level misconduct which is increasingly reported by its member journals, including Medical Education. We offer a list of authors' responsibilities as a way of drawing attention to the wide range of individuals affected by author misconduct. The paper outlines 7 representative cases of actual or potential misconduct which have been dealt with in the Medical Education editorial office during the 18-month period to May 2004, putting them in context and using them to illustrate some of the ways in which apparently minor deviations from standard practice can have far reaching implications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: This paper argues that misconduct affects a wider group than editors, although it is editors who are currently taking the lead in the promotion of standards. The authors suggest that responsibility for maintaining and improving standards in research publication should not be left to editors but should be seen as something in which all researchers have a stake. They support moves to make editors themselves more accountable to their readers and authors.

Authorship↗
PubMed1982

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Art↗
PubMed2002

The postgenomic era: implications for the clinical laboratory.

OBJECTIVES: To review the advances in clinically useful molecular biological techniques and to identify their applications in clinical practice, as presented at the Tenth Annual William Beaumont Hospital DNA Symposium. DATA SOURCES: The 11 manuscripts submitted were reviewed and their major findings were compared with literature on the same topic. STUDY SELECTION: Manuscripts address creative thinking techniques applied to DNA discovery, extraction of DNA from clotted blood, the relationship of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders, and molecular methods to identify human lymphocyte antigen class I and class II loci. Two other manuscripts review current issues in molecular microbiology, including detection of hepatitis C virus and biological warfare. The last 5 manuscripts describe current issues in molecular cardiovascular disease, including assessing thrombotic risk, genomic analysis, gene therapy, and a device for aiding in cardiac angiogenesis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Novel problem-solving techniques have been used in the past and will be required in the future in DNA discovery. The extraction of DNA from clotted blood demonstrates a potential cost-effective strategy. Cybrids created from mitochondrial DNA-depleted cells and mitochondrial DNA from a platelet donor have been useful in defining the role mitochondria play in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial depletion has been reported as a genetically inherited disorder or after human immunodeficiency virus therapy. Hepatitis C viral detection by qualitative, quantitative, or genotyping techniques is useful clinically. Preparedness for potential biological warfare is a responsibility of all clinical laboratorians. Thrombotic risk in cardiovascular disorders may be assessed by coagulation screening assays and further defined by mutation analysis for specific genes for prothrombin and factor V Leiden. Gene therapy for reducing arteriosclerotic risk has been hindered primarily by complications introduced by the vectors used to introduce the therapeutic genes. Neovascularization in cardiac muscle with occluded vessels represents a promising method for recovery of viable tissue following ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: The sequence of the human genome was reported by 2 groups in February 2001. The postgenomic era will emphasize the use of microarrays and database software for genomic and proteomic screening in the search for useful clinical assays. The number of molecular pathologic techniques and assays will expand as additional disease-associated mutations are defined. Gene therapy and tissue engineering will represent successful therapeutic adjuncts.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗