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PubMed1981

[Verbal memory disorders in local lesions of the right and left hemispheres].

Disturbances of verbal memory were examined in patients with local cerebral affections. The patients were asked to reproduce triads of words selected with regard to their semantic (situation or synonymic associations) or sensor (phonetic association) similarity. The ability to reproduce the triads was found to be different depending on the kind of the triads and the pathological focus localization. Patients with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the left hemisphere could hardly reproduce the triads of the semantically-similar words, while those with the pathological focus in the posterior divisions of the right hemisphere had difficulties in reproducing the triads of the phonetically-similar words. There were no differences as regards the triad type in patients with the pathological focus localization in the frontal divisions of the left hemisphere. A problem of multi-channel coding of the information for its processing and storage is discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[Experience with the use of posterior pituitary hormones in memory disorders of different etiology].

Results of using vasopressin and pituitrin in 20 patients with memory disturbances of various genesis (due to circulatory disturbances in the vertebrobasilar system, cerebral atherosclerosis, neurasthenia, brain concussion, epilepsy) are reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of the hormones was evaluated with the use of a complex of psychophysiological methods. Objective changes in the patients' neurological status and subjective state were taken into account. A high therapeutic efficacy of the hormones in the treatment of amnestic syndromes is demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An outpatient clinic for memory disorders; initial experiences].

The department of neurology of the Academisch Medisch Centrum started an outpatient memory clinic in 1987 for patients aged 65 and older. Its specific aims are: assessment of elderly patients with memory problems, treatment where appropriate, and advice; clinical research; teaching and training. The clinic has run full-time since 1990. The approach is multidisciplinary. We describe our findings in the first 75 patients who were referred by their general practitioners because of forgetfulness or possible dementia: 72 of them had a complete investigation; 30 patients were not demented; three could be reassured because their performance was within normal limits. Four patients were depressed and they improved on therapy. Forty-two patients were demented. All had a CT scan and comprehensive blood tests but a curable cause for the dementia syndrome was never identified. This result was expected on account of the probably low frequency of 'reversible' causes and patient selection. Secondary prevention was important when a vascular component contributed to the pathogenesis of the mental deterioration (n = 6). Even when no curable condition was found, clarity about diagnosis and prognosis was important not only to the relatives but also to the general practitioner in planning the future management of the patient. Fifty-five of the 72 patients were older than 65 years which means that we do see the patients we are particularly interested in. The clinic offers facilities for clinical research. In the project 'Diagnostiek bij dementiesyndroom' (Diagnostics in dementia syndrome) we investigate the utility of ancillary investigations in relation to the outcome in demented patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Memory disorders as a function of traumatic brain injury. Word completion, recall of words and actions.

The memory performance of a group with traumatic brain injury and a matched control group was assessed using the following methods (a) word completion, (b) immediate free, final free and final cued recall of words and (c) immediate free and final free recall of subject-performed tasks (SPTs) and SPTs without motor action (SPTs-WA). The brain-injured (BI) group was significantly inferior relative to the control group in all recall tests except immediate free recall of words. No difference was revealed in the word completion test. The BI-group benefitted less by cues presented either at retrieval (final cued recall of words) or at the time of encoding already built-in in the stimulus (SPTs and SPTs-WA). The results were discussed in terms of the neuropathological background of the patients in the BI-group suggesting that frontal dysfunction could play a critical role. When comparing the tests within the BI-group, however, the performance was better when cues were present and especially so for long-term memory. Motor activity also facilitated long-term memory. Finally, an attempt was made to specify conditions for guidance in the construction of training programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cued recall and the nature of the memory disorder in dementia.

The study investigated the retrieval deficit hypothesis of forgetting in senile dementia, using a cued recall technique. Memory for lists of words was tested with either no cues given at the time of recall, or alternatively by cueing the patient either with the word's first letter or its semantic category. Results do not support a retrieval deficit explanation of forgetting in dementia, but instead suggest the possibility of a processing deficit at the acquisition stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

A brief survey of the management of memory disorders in rehabilitation units in Britain.

A survey of rehabilitation units and other hospitals and departments involved in the management of memory dysfunction revealed considerable variation in approaches to treatment and in assessment techniques. A very few respondents with a special interest in memory dysfunction were used wide ranges of tests, training procedures and aids. Other respondents were concerned about the lack of training and in the management of memory problems and the lack of guidance as to what techniques should be used. A pragmatic approach to helping patients with particular problems is contrasted with general memory training and the assumptions underlying such training are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1985

A clinical trial with desglycinamide arginine vasopressin for the treatment of memory disorders in man.

In a double-blind cross-over trial the memory effect of the neuropeptide desglycinamide arginine vasopressin (DGAVP) was selected because of its well-documented facilitatory effects on memory components in rodents. Patients with stabilized or progressive amnesic disorders (Korsakoff disease, early stages of Alzheimer dementia, head injuries and other central nervous system diseases) did not respond to the drug. Factors possibly explaining the discrepancy with animal research are discussed.

Adult↗