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PubMed1993

Strain differences in clonidine-induced aggressiveness in mice and its interaction with the dopamine system.

The influence of a genotype of inbred mice on the aggressive behavior induced by clonidine and the role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in that behavior were studied. Clonidine in a dose of 10 mg/kg evoked a strong aggressiveness in BALB/c, DBA/1, and CC57Br mice and an intermediate response in C57BL/6J, Albino Swiss, and CBA mice, whereas DD, A/He, and C3HA/y mice did not show any aggressive behavior. Apomorphine significantly potentiated the clonidine-induced aggressiveness in C57BL/6J mice. In Albino Swiss mice, SK&F38393 as well as quinpirole augmented the aggressive behavior evoked by clonidine. The clonidine-induced aggressiveness was blocked by SCH23390 and cis-flupentixol but not by (-)-sulpiride. In aggressive mice, the binding of [3H]SCH23390 was decreased in the limbic forebrain, whereas the binding of [3H]spiperone was not changed. The obtained results indicate that the potency of the clonidine-induced aggressiveness depends upon genotype of mice; moreover, the presence of a physiological function of D1 receptors is necessary for its occurrence.

Aggression↗
PubMed1987

[Antibodies to catecholamines and serotonin during alcoholic intoxication in animals with different predispositions to the development of experimental alcoholism].

Experiments on C57Bl/6, CBA and DBA/2 mice characterized by different preferences for ethanol have shown that during chronic administration of alcohol to animals with natural ethanol motivation (strain C57Bl/6) the level of antibodies to catecholamines and serotonin was increased on the 3rd month of ethanol intoxication, with the voluntary alcohol consumption in mice decreased by this time. On the contrary in mice rejecting alcohol (strains DBA/2, CBA) no antibodies to catecholamines and serotonin have been found.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Effect of levamisole on binding of immune complex to mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Levamisole at the concentrations of 240 and 500 micrograms/ml increased DNA-anti-DNA immune complex (IC) binding to thioglycollate-stimulated mouse (CBA) peritoneal macrophages. Reduced IC binding by macrophages of (NZB/NZW)F1 a mouse model for systemic lupus erythematosus occurs as a consequence of disease and was partially corrected after inclusion of levamisole into the reaction mixture in vitro. However, in vivo administration of 2.5 mg/kg of levamisole, the therapeutic dose, did not alter IC binding to CBA macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genotype- and gender-dependent hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in developing mice.

Ethanol is metabolized in human and rodent liver primarily by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Hepatic ADH activity in adult males and females of seven inbred strains of mice was determined to examine genotype- and sex-dependent variability among the strains and the level of sexual dimorphism in each of the strains. ADH activity varied considerably among the strains, which could be categorized into high-activity strains C57BL/6, C57Brcd, and Swiss, and relatively low-activity strains C3H, CBA, and DBA. Adult Swiss, AKR, C57BL/6, and DBA females exhibited significantly higher levels of hepatic ADH than their male counterparts, whereas no gender differences were seen in C3H, CBA, and C57Brcd. Young mice of high and/or low ADH activity strains viz. C57BL/6 and C3H did not exhibit gender differences in ADH activity at weanling but the enzyme levels increased by sixth week in females and remained higher thereafter. The progeny of a high-activity strain with sexual dimorphism (C57BL/6) and a low-activity strain lacking gender difference (C3H) exhibited intermediate levels of ADH and age-dependent sexual dimorphism.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

The role of meprin A in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure.

Meprin A is a zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that is present in the brush border membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Although this enzyme has been detected in the kidney of mammalian species and its biochemical structure and action have been characterized, the role of this endopeptidase in normal renal physiology and in disease states is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the susceptibility of inbred strains of mice with normal and low meprin A activity to ischemic and nephrotoxic acute renal failure. We report that two normal meprin A strains of mice, C57BL/6 and DBA/2, developed more severe renal functional and structural injury following either bilateral renal artery clamping or the injection of hypertonic glycerol, compared to two low meprin A strains, C3H/He and CBA. These findings suggest that meprin A plays a role in the pathophysiology of acute renal failure following a variety of insults to the kidney. We propose that redistribution of this metalloendopeptidase to the basolateral membrane domain during acute renal failure results in degradation of the extracellular matrix and damage to adjacent peritubular structures.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative characteristics of the antitumor and immunodepressive activity of carminomycin on the L-1210 experimental model].

The antitumor activity of carminomycin was estimated by the number of lymphoma colonies formed in the spleen of DBA/2 mice on their inoculation with the bone marrow cells from mice with transplantable leukemia L-1210. The immunodepressive properties of carminomycin were determined by the number of the antibody forming cells in the spleen of CBA and DBA/2 mice with leukemia L-1210 after immunization with sheep red blood cells. It was found that in a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg carminomycin inhibited the lymphoma colonies by 50 per cent. The maximum immunodepressive effect was observed when carminomycin was used in a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg 48 hours after the antigen stimulation. In this case the number of the antibody forming cells in DBA/2 mice with leukemia L-1210 was lower than that in CBA mice without leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of decomplementation on the infectious course of Sendai virus in mice.

The course of intranasal infection of Sendai virus in CBA and DBA mice was investigated in animals decomplemented with purified cobra venom factor. The mice were decomplemented either immediately before inoculation or at 4 days postinfection. Depletion of complement after the infection had been established had no apparent effect on the course of the viral infection in the two strains of mice. In contrast, both strains of mice were protected completely from the lethal effects of an infectious dose of 1 LD50 of virus when the serum C3 levels were depressed by more than 80% during the early stages of infection. The symptoms of morbidity were less pronounced in these animals and there was a delay in the production of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody. There was no apparent effect on the growth of the virus in lung tissue. The results suggest that the complement system plays a significant pathogenic role during the course of Sendai virus infections in CBA and DBA mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Genetic control of ligand-induced events in B lymphocytes.

The early cycle of events which follows the binding of anti-Ig ligands to the surface Ig molecules of B lymphocytes was compared in several inbred strains of mice. Kinetic differences were found in the rate of surface Ig capping and absolute differences in extent were found for anti-Ig-induced B cell motility. These strain differences were not restricted to the B cell surface Ig molecules, however, since capping by Con A of its receptor sites on B and T cells and random T cell motility were also affected. A genetic analysis of A and CBA mice revealed that each of the traits studied is probably affected by two gene differences between the two strains analyzed. The possible roles of microtubules and cyclic nucleotides in these genetic differences were also explored. Colchicine, which depolymerizes microtubules, raised the low capping and motile responses of CBA spleen cells to the high responses characteristic of A strain cells. This implies an excess of microtubular function in CBA cells. Raising the level of cyclic AMP also raised the low CBA capping response to the high A level, but did not differentially effect the motile responses of cells of the two strains. The possible significance and locus of action of these effects is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differences in the reactivity of 2 mouse genotypes to zoo-social signals in the partition test].

The reaction was studied of male mice of CBA and C57BL/6J lines to zoosocial signals coming from another individual. "Partition" test was used, in which two males of one line were placed in a common cage divided into two sections by a transparent partition with holes; this partition divided the animals but allowed them to see and sniff each other. The number of approaches to partition, summary and average time of staying near it during one approach were recorded. Mice of both lines reacted to presence of unknown partner behind the partition by an increase of activity near the partition; in CBA mice all recorded parameters were greater than in C57BL/6J mice. A greater sensitivity is suggested of CBA animals to perception of pheromonal signals. "Partition" test may be used for estimation of mice reaction to zoosocial signals.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed1979

[Sex ratio in hybrid mice CBA X C57BL].

Sex ratio and postimplantation mortality were studied in (CBAXC57BL)F1, CBA and C57BL mouse embryos. It has been shown that female fetuses are predominant in the progeny of hybrid mice. In CBA and C57BL mice the sex distribution was 1 : 1. The disorder in the balanced sex ratio in the progeny of hybrid mice confirms a conclusion on the effect of the mouse genetic features on the sex distribution in embryos. Equal sex ratio in CBA and C57BL mice indicates the absence of selective mortality in the embryos of either sex during embryogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the localization of syngeneic and allogeneic lymphoid cells and on alloimmunogenicity.

Ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation was found to have only a modest inhibitory effect on the alloimmunogenecity of murine lymphoid cells in vivo when the response was assessed by the primary cytotoxic antibody response. Ultraviolet irradiation had no effect on the initial (1 hr) organ localization of chromium-labelled lymphoid cells in syngeneic or allogeneic recipients using either CBA or DBA/2 cells. However the 24 hr localization in peripheral lymph nodes was considerably and similarly depressed in syngeneic and allogeneic recipients. This effect was shown, by alloantibody treatment of recipients of allogeneic cells, to be due mainly to lack of entry into lymph nodes after 1 hr. In agreement with much of the published data, control data for these experiments indicated little difference in lymph node localization of lymph node cells in allogeneic and syngeneic recipients using both CBA and DBA/2 cells in both CBA and DBA/2 recipients. The localization of spleen cells in lymph nodes was found to be rather more sensitive to the allogeneic environment though not as much as has been previously described for spleen cells in contrast to the long established data on lymph node cells. A marked difference in the degree of lymph node localization of CBA and CBA/2 cells was found regardless of the recipient strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

DNA repair and sensitivity of mouse embryo fibroblasts to methyl methanesulphonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

DNA repair synthesis and cytotoxicity were evaluated in early passage mouse embryo fibroblasts from five inbred strains (B10, CBA, C3H/A, DBA/2, BALB/c) and in BALB/3T3 IL-2 cells after the cultures had been treated for 3 h with methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). In the presence of hydroxyurea, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the MMS- or MNNG-treated cells derived from B10, CBA, C3H/A or DBA/2 mice, was, at the concentrations used, significantly higher than into controls untreated with the mutagens. Under analogous experimental conditions there was no detectable DNA repair synthesis in two kinds of cells derived from BALB/c mice. MNNG was more cytotoxic to the cells derived from BALB/c mice than to those of the four remaining strains. The sensitivity of all kinds of early passage mouse fibroblasts to MMS was similar at each MMS concentration tested. Cloning efficiency of BALB/3T3 IL-2 cells exposed to MMS at the concentration of 10(-3) or 10(-4) M did not differ from that of untreated controls. The latter cells treated with MNNG at the concentration of 10(-4) or 2 X 10(-4) M did not develop colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Immunochemical studies of brain glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-transaminase of six inbred strains of mice.

Six different inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J, CBA/CaJ, CE/J, DBA/2J, LP/J and RF/J) were compared in terms of specific activities and immunochemical properties of brain L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T), the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of GABA, respectively. GAD from the brains of the different strains was indistinguishable on the basis of specific activities, double diffusion tests, immunoelectrophoresis and inhibition by antibody. However, microcomplement fixation tests showed GAD from DBA and C57BL mice to be most distinctly different from GAD extracted from the Swiss mouse, from which the original antigen was prepared and that the enzyme from the CE, LP and RF also differed. Similar fixation curves were obtained for the GAD from CBA and Swiss mice. GABA-T from the different strains was indistinguishable on the basis of all the tests employed.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

[A comparative study of two-cell embryos of CBA and F1 mice in a human in vitro fertilization program].

The two-cell mouse embryo can develop in a chemically defined medium to the blastocyst stage but conditions must be strictly controlled. Fresh T6 (Whittingham's) medium is being used weekly for this purpose in our laboratory and subjected to a 5% CO2-in-air system 24 hours prior to use. Experiments were designed to determine whether two-cell embryos obtained from an F1 (CBA X C57/B1/6) X F1 cross were superior to the easily obtainable CBA X ICR cross. The aim was to get a 90% blastocyst result for use as a quality control. Eight experiments were performed over a 6-week period. The CBA two-cell embryos were compared with the F1 group under identical conditions. A total of 177 two-cell embryos were obtained from the CBA group and 214 two-cell embryos from the F1 group. In the CBA group 51 developed to the blastocyst stage (28.8%) compared with 187 in the F1 group (87.4%) (P less than 0.0001). In conclusion, it is advisable to obtain F1 mice to use weekly in the laboratory as a quality control measure. The CBA group yields poor cultures, and this leads to unnecessary laboratory confusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Interstrain competition amongst mouse spermatozoa inseminated in various proportions, as affected by the genotype of the Y chromosome.

Nonagouti (KP X C57BL)F1 hybrid females were artificially inseminated with a mixture of spermatozoa from males of the KE (nonagouti) and CBA (agouti) strains and the genotype of young was estimated by fur pigmentation. When KE and CBA spermatozoa mixed in the ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 were inseminated after ovulation, 87%, 56% and 29% of progeny, respectively, were sired by CBA males, i.e. proportions of CBA progeny were significantly higher than ratios of CBA spermatozoa in the mixture. The surplus of CBA progeny was significantly less in females inseminated before ovulation, which may suggest that more rapid capacitation of CBA spermatozoa is partly responsible for their competitive advantage. In preparations from oviducal flushings of females killed 2-3 h after insemination, CBA spermatozoa (recognized by their shape) were found in similar proportions as in the inseminated mixture. There was therefore no evidence of their preferential selection at the uterotubal junction. No competitive advantage of CBA spermatozoa occurred when they were inseminated with spermatozoa from males of the KE.CBA strain, congenic with KE but with the Y chromosome derived from the CBA strain. This indicates that genetic factors linked with the Y chromosome may influence competitive ability of spermatozoa.

Animals↗