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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Movement disorders in Alzheimer's disease: more rigidity of definitions is needed.

Rigidity, slowness, gait impairment, and other disorders of movement accompany Alzheimer's disease (AD) at various stages of the illness. The presence of these so-called extrapyramidal features have been reported to predict disease prognosis and pathologic localization. Unfortunately, failure to accurately characterize the movement disorder, particularly to distinguish parkinsonism from cortically based motor disturbances (that is, paratonia, apraxia), makes the results of many published studies difficult to interpret. There is an important need to precisely characterize movement disorders in studies of AD to clarify the clinical phenomenology and neurobiology of the condition and to accurately distinguish AD from other degenerative dementias, such as dementia with Lewy bodies.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Psychogenic movement disorders.

All varieties of movement disorders may be mimicked by a psychogenic disorder, most commonly tremor, dystonia, and myoclonus. Approximately 3% of patients seen in specialty clinics have a psychogenic movement disorder (PMD). The diagnosis of a PMD depends on not just ruling out an organic movement disorder, but moreover, recognizing features from the history and examination that are inconsistent or incongruous with an organic movement disorder. Most PMDs represent a conversion disorder, sometimes as part of a somatoform disorder; less common diagnoses include a factitious disorder or malingering. Co-morbid psychiatric illness is prevalent in patients with PMD including depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Many PMDs remain chronic, but a multidisciplinary approach centering on psychiatric intervention can be successful. A shorter duration of symptoms and a co-existent treatable psychiatric disorder portend a better prognosis, whereas compensation and pending litigation are associated with a poorer prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Movement disorders in miscellaneous disorders--inherited metabolic diseases].

A variety of inheritable metabolic disorders produce movement disorders. A lists of conditions associated with tremor, athetosis, chorea, dystonia and myoclonus are presented as a guide for the differential diagnosis of such abnormal involuntary movements. The list includes aminoacidopathies, lipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, organic acidemias, mitochondrial cytopathies and disorders of carbohydrate, purine, and metal metabolism. Clinical, pathological and biochemical features of movement disorders of three typical examples, Wilson's disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and glutaric acidemia type 1, are described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired paroxysmal movement disorders.

Acquired paroxysmal movement disorders are reported less frequently than the familial forms of paroxysmal dyskinesias. Three children, with the acquired form of the disorder which followed an early childhood encephalopathic event, are described. Three similarly affected children have been reported previously. Movement disorders developing after perinatal encephalopathy appear to be a distinct entity. Patients with this condition demonstrated clinical improvement following the initiation of antiepileptic medications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Atypical movement disorders in antiphospholipid syndrome.

Movement disorders have only rarely been reported in association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In such cases, chorea is the most common disorder observed, with occasional reports of hemidystonia, Parkinsonism, and hemiballism. We report here on 3 cases of APS (3 women ages 16, 46, and 56 years) who presented with movement disorders, including tics, tremor, myoclonus, and a corticobasal syndrome, never or rarely reported in association with this disease. Mild executive dysfunction was observed in all 3 patients. We also report the successful treatment of two of these patients with mild oral anticoagulation (INR 2-3). Movement disorders in APS seem more clinically heterogeneous than previously thought. Oral anticoagulation should be considered in the treatment of movement disorders associated with APS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Automatic detection of movement disorders using recordings of rapid alternating movements.

The present work assesses the potential of rapid alternating movement analysis for detecting movement disorders like Parkinson's disease. Rapid alternating wrist movements were recorded by a diadochokinesimeter for patients with Parkinson's disease (n=10) and healthy controls (n=20). An index of irregularity was computed for each individual as the density of jerk singularities (i.e. zero-crossings) during the movements. Several scales of analysis (i.e. "coarseness") were used for detecting the jerk events and two methods were compared for all of these scales: (1) automatic classification by means of a threshold that optimally separates the indexes of irregularity of the patients from those of the controls, and (2) statistical decision (normal or abnormal) based upon a distribution of indexes of irregularity obtained from a large population of normal subjects. The results showed that (1) two scales of analysis were sufficient and that (2) both methods presented similar performances (e.g. sensitivity=1.00, specificity=0.85, efficiency=0.90). However, statistical decision should be preferred because of its simplicity. The possibility of automatic detection of movement disorders from alternating movements is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Movement disorders--concept and grand classification].

Movement disorders have been coined for diseases characterized by excessive and abnormal movements occurring in a conscious patient. Movement disorders are frequent among neurologic and psychiatric patients. They have a behavioral, or psychiatric, component. Movement disorders are mostly associated with disordered function in the basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum. Such diseases are characterized by the occurrence of involuntary movement. This paper describes general concept of movement disorder, and shows classification by WHO (1991) and by Joseph, AB. and Young, RR. (1992). The classification of WHO includes I. Extrapyramidal movement disorders: 1) Parkinson disease, 2) Secondary parkinsonism, 3) Other degenerative diseases of the basal ganglia, 4) Dystonia, and 5) Other extrapyramidal and movement disorders. II. Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence: 1) Hyperkinetic disorders, 2) Tic disorders, and 3) others.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed2006

[Non epileptic paroxysmal movement disorders in childhood].

Paroxysmal movement disorders are not uncommon in childhood, but are probably under-recognised. Paroxysmal movement disorders are a distinctive group of disorders that represents various clinical situations, characterised by intermittent and episodic disturbances of movement. Diagnosis relies on semiological analysis, mainly based on parental description of the manifestations; video recording (during an EEG-video monitoring or home made video) are often helpful to establish the correct diagnosis. In the large majority of the cases, paroxysmal movement disorders are benign situations. Some of them are transient, as they spontaneously stop over time (benign torticolis of infancy, paroxysmal tonic upgaze). Being familiar with these disorders will lead to accurate diagnosis, so avoiding useless investigations. Most of the time, no treatment will be required, and the families will be informed of the good prognosis.

Child↗
PubMed1964

PARKINSONISM. EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS.

Patients with movement disorders from parkinsonism were treated with thalamotomy performed by stereotactic surgical procedure. In order to determine with any degree of objectivity the results of these lesions, an accelerometer was used to record hand tremor and various mechanical tests were carried out that included self-care activities to evaluate impairment of function. On the basis of these tests, patients were selected for surgical operation, their condition before and after operation was evaluated, and a program for their rehabilitation was drafted.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed2002

Transient movement disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Movement disorders associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) are uncommon, except for tremor. We report two patients with relapsing-remitting MS, who developed either dystonia or chorea during clinical exacerbation of their MS. The movement disorders resolved during treatment with adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). Acute exacerbations of MS may be associated with transient movement disorders, which are responsive to ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1997

Movement disorders in Japanese encephalitis.

Movement disorders in Japanese encephalitis (JE), although reported, have not been analyzed systematically. In this study, we report an analysis of movement disorders in 14 out of 17 JE patients, correlated with the radiological findings. All patients had at least a four fold rise of IgG antibodies against JE in a haemagglutination inhibition test. The patients' ages ranged between 2 and 54 years and 4 of them were women. Extrapyramidal signs, such as hypokinesia, hypophonia and masking of the face, were present in all patients by the first month as the patients came out of the coma-except for 1 patient. Eight patients had axial and 3 tongue dyskinesia; rigidity was present in 6 and tremor in 2 patients. At 3 months, these symptoms improved considerably in 6 patients. Cranial CT scan revealed thalamic involvement in 10, which was bilateral in 9 patients. Two patients had brain stem and one had cerebellar involvement. Cranial MRI was carried out in 9 patients and revealed additional findings in lentiform nucleus, midbrain and pons in 3 each and cerebellum in 4 patients. Bilateral thalamic involvement on MRI was seen in all the patients, including two patients whose CT scans were normal. SPECT studies using 99mTc-ECD revealed bilateral thalamic hypoperfusion in all (n = 7) and frontal hypoperfusion in 3 patients. In JE, movement disorders are common and may be due to thalamic involvement in isolation or in combination with basal ganglia or midbrain or both.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dysarthrias of movement disorders.

Following the seminal works of Canter (152) and Darley, et al. (1) concerning differential diagnosis and classification of dysarthria, considerable strides have been made with regard to characterizing the features of speech that occur with disorders of movement. Research should continue to address the neurophysiologic substrates of the dysarthrias of movement disorders, and most importantly, efficacious means of treating these impairments of speech.

Athetosis↗
PubMed2001

Prosthetic dentistry in the treatment of movement disorders: dyskinesias and other neurological abnormalities.

As long as the scope of dentistry is limited to teeth and supporting structures, their care and repair, probably no body of medical knowledge can be considered more traditional. However, a number of muscular and neurologic phenomena have been related to the dentition: unconventional dental prosthetic therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders and movement disorders such as spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia and tardive dyskinesia. Although only anecdotal, the above results and an unanticipated event that occurred in one case of dystonia muscolorum deformans question everything that had been previously assumed about the limits of dentistry.

Animals↗