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Results for “Ovarian Function Tests”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Recovery of ovarian function after radiation-induced menopause. Does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have a definitive prognostic value?].

Menopause, conventionally defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation as a result of loss of ovarian follicular activity, is biologically expressed by the collapse of plasma estradiol levels and increased plasma levels of the gonadotrophins FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). At present, estimation of the ovarian follicle reserve is based on endocrine capacity tests of the ovaries, with increased FSH representing the first sign of exocrine ovarian failure. We report the case of one of our amenorrhoeic patients after chemotherapy, total body radiation and allogenic bone marrow transplantation for acute immunoblastic leukaemia. This patient was included in an in vitro fertilization with oocyte donation (IVF-OD) programme for iatrogenic premature ovarian failure with increased FSH levels. Instead of high levels of gonadotrophins, this young woman recovered spontaneous follicular development, benefited from standard IVF with her own oocytes and brought a twin pregnancy to term. This observation shows that a high FSH level is not a definitive prediction of ovarian exocrine capacity. In young women of child-bearing age such as these wanting a child and showing signs of endogenous estrogen impregnation, evaluation of the existence and quality of follicular development is an important factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of ovarian sensitivity to gonadotrophins: role of ovarian reserve tests].

Among several parameters involved in the age-dependent reduction in conception rate, intra-ovarian factors, specially the follicular oocyte complex, play a major role. The aim of endocrine challenge tests is to assess ovarian follicular reserve. Basal serum FSH determination on day 3 of the cycle is easily measurable, inexpensive. Its sensitivity is increased with a clomiphene citrate challenge test. Both GnRH agonist stimulation test and exogenous FSH test allow to evaluate more directly the ovarian function. However they are more invasive, expensive and need further standardisation.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide in early morning urine samples to monitor ovarian function.

The determination of the concentration of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide has been performed by a chemiluminescent immunoassay in early morning urine samples of 14 normal menstruating women and 11 women affected by luteal phase defect. The early morning urine samples were daily collected for an entire menstrual cycle. We have employed a timed and measured volume collection procedure as correction factor. The integrated values of the hormonal data in definite time intervals were used to create a nomogram. By means of this method, it was possible to completely separate normal from luteal insufficiency subjects and to distinguish two different types of luteal phase defects. Moreover, the same approach was applied to the study of the role and the frequency of luteal phase defect in 15 patients affected by habitual abortion and in 17 premenopausal women who had undergone quadrantectomy for T1a No Mo breast cancer. A luteal phase defect was detected in nine of the aborting patients (60%) and in eight women affected by breast cancer (47%). Finally estrone-3-glucuronide was measured in early morning urine samples of 96 prepubertal and pubertal girls in different pubertal stages and in one patient affected by precocious puberty, before and during an agonist GnRH treatment. The urinary test of ovarian function seems to be suitable for diagnostic purposes and for clinical studies.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1994

Ovarian hyperandrogynism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency often have a polycystic ovary-like syndrome, consisting of hyperandrogynism, infertility, menstrual irregularities, and elevated LH levels. This is generally considered secondary to poor control of the congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, our experience led us to suspect that ovarian hyperandrogenism occurs even when congenital adrenal hyperplasia is well controlled on glucocorticoid therapy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that congenital adrenal virilizing disorders result in ovarian hyperandrogenism. We studied eight women with congenital adrenal virilizing disorders, seven with well controlled classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency and one with congenital virilizing adrenal carcinoma removed at 1.7 yr of age. We also studied six women with late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency, without signs of congenital virilization. An ovarian source of androgens was assessed after suppressing adrenal function with dexamethasone and then testing pituitary-ovarian function by a GnRH agonist (nafarelin) test. Five women with congenital adrenal virilizing disorders (four with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency and one with congenital virilizing adrenal carcinoma) and one women with late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency had ovarian hyperandrogenism as determined by subnormal suppression of free testosterone after dexamethasone and/or by increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to nafarelin while on dexamethasone. All women with congenital adrenal virilization and ovarian hyperandrogenism had elevated LH levels after dexamethasone or elevated early LH response to nafarelin, which suggests that LH excess is the cause of their ovarian hyperandrogenism. This was not the case for the late-onset 21-hydroxylase-deficient woman. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that congenital adrenal virilization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary axis for hypersecretion of LH at puberty. This is postulated to frequently cause ovarian hyperandrogenism even when adrenal androgen excess is subsequently controlled by glucocorticoid therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Functional aspects of healing in microsurgical tubal anastomosis--experimental studies of the rabbit fallopian tube].

Ovarian function and fertility was studied in 46 female New Zealand White rabbits after isthmic-isthmic reanastomosis of the oviduct. Postoperative ovarian function was slightly suppressed and returned to normal after two month. No significant differences were found between the control side and the side of anastomosis. Fertility was reduced directly after surgery on the side of anastomosis as well as on the control side. On the side of reanastomosis a continuous increase of tubal function occurred up to two month after surgery. At this time tubal function was reduced to 30%, the nidation index was about 0.6. Tubal function of the untreated oviduct was nearly normal (nidation index 0.8) two weeks after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Primary ovarian insufficiency in polyendocrinopathy syndrome].

We describe two cases of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome as a cause of primary ovarian failure. Antibodies against various endocrine organs cause pluriglandular insufficiency, in most cases hypoparathyroidism. Addison's disease, and primary ovarian insufficiency. In these patients, careful examination of all endocrine organs is necessary in order to provide an adequate hormone replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Serum total renin levels after ovarian electrocautery in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Recent observations have suggested an enhanced activity of the ovarian renin-angiotensin system in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Owing to technical restrictions, the direct measurement of ovarian renin-angiotensin activity is impossible. The measurement of total renin (active renin + prorenin) in serum is particularly valuable for analyzing the ovarian renin-angiotensin system, as 90% of circulating renin is in the form of prorenin and ovaries are the major extrarenal source of prorenin in females. Also, the renin synthesized by ovaries is in the form of prorenin. In the present study we hypothesized that ovarian trauma caused by electrocautery 'impairs' the activity of the ovarian renin-angiotensin system, which in turn would interrupt the endocrine vicious cycle of PCOS, and restore normal ovarian function. To test this, we examined the effect of ovarian electrocautery on serum levels of total renin in 11 oligomenorrheic women, aged 25 to 36 years, with PCOS and anovulatory infertility. Against our basic hypothesis the serum total renin levels remained unaltered after ovarian electrocautery, while the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and androstenedione declined. The mechanism that induces ovulation without altering total renin levels in serum remains to be resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Poor ovary response to the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation].

One of the greatest challenges in clinical reproductive endocrinology is assessment of patients who respond badly to exogenous gonadotropins in controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH). Low response is a result of diminished ovarian reserve. Identifying potential low responders is of critical clinical importance. This paper will review varies form of "poor response" definition and a series of tests to analyses in order to discover a patient's ovarian functional reserve.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Endocrine studies of the ovulatory disturbances in Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).

Women with Wilson's disease may have severe oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea whose cause is unknown. The endocrine profile of four such cases was investigated by measuring basal values and the response to dynamic tests of hypothalamic, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal function, which all proved normal. Ovarian function was disturbed, as witnessed by low estradiol, high total testosterone (T) levels with normal free T, and mildly elevated androstenedione. An interference of ovarian follicular aromatase activity possibly due to copper intoxication could explain these findings as the cause of the ovulatory disturbances of Wilson's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

X-chromosome inactivation and ovarian age during the reproductive years.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is related to indicators of ovarian age. DESIGN: The XCI skewing percent and indicators of ovarian age were measured in women with recent pregnancy losses and women with recent livebirths. All analyses adjust for chronologic age and pregnancy outcome. SETTING: Hospital in eastern central New York. PATIENT(S): One hundred thirty-six women with informative XCI assays: 83 with index pregnancy losses and 53 with livebirths. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary indicators of ovarian age were antral follicle count, levels of FSH and inhibin B. A secondary indicator was level of estradiol (E2). RESULT(S): The XCI skewing percent, defined either continuously or categorically (> or =90%), was unrelated to the indicators of ovarian age. The sample was large enough to rule out as unlikely a modest decline in antral follicle count or a modest increase in FSH in relation to skewed XCI. CONCLUSION(S): X-chromosome anomalies are associated with skewed XCI and with premature ovarian failure. Our data raise the possibility that X-chromosome anomalies may not be an important influence on ovarian aging in menstruating women.

Adolescent↗