SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PARTHENIUM”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Allergic reactivity to Parthenium hysterophorus pollen: an ELISA study of 582 sera from the United States Gulf Coast.

Parthenium hysterophorus (PH) is a ubiquitous weed found in the U.S. Gulf Coast. In this study, 582 sera, contributed by 22 physicians from 18 Gulf Coast cities, were examined by ELISA for IgE directed against determinants in an aqueous extract of PH pollen, and these were compared to an extract of western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya [AP]). Overall, 65.6% of the sera tested were positive for one or both of the pollen extracts examined. Thirty-five percent of the sera were sensitive to PH and 57.6% were sensitive to AP. Thirty percent of the sera were positive to AP only, 8.0% were positive to PH only, and 27.9% of the sera were positive to both extracts. ELISA-inhibition analysis demonstrated that PH and AP extracts contained unique allergenic epitopes. Clinical correlation of in vitro reactivity with skin testing and patients' symptoms confirmed that PH sensitivity by ELISA was related in many cases to fall seasonal symptoms. These data demonstrate by in vitro analysis the presence of IgE directed against an extract of PH pollen in a significant number of patients with fall seasonal pollinosis in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Thus, allergic reactivity to PH may be a significant contributor to fall allergic disease in the U.S. Gulf Coast.

Allergens↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, cytostaticity and genotoxicity of argentatins A and B from Parthenium argentatum (Gray).

Argentatins A and B are abundant triterpenes present in Parthenium argentatum. Both compounds have shown cytotoxic properties on K562, MCF-7, PC-3, HCT-15 and U251 human cancer cell lines. Furthermore the cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic effects of the argentatins on proliferating lymphocytes were evaluated using cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Argentatin A had no cytostatic properties, but it was cytotoxic for proliferating lymphocytes at a concentration of 25 microM (P < 0.005). On the other hand, argentatin B showed significant cytostatic effects (P < 0.001) at concentrations of 5 to 25 microM and it did not show cytotoxic effects at the same concentrations. Neither argentatin showed genotoxic effects in terms of micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes. According to these results the argentatins are not able to cause injury on DNA by clastogenic or aneugenic mechanisms.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Magnesium ion regulation of in vitro rubber biosynthesis by Parthenium argentatum Gray.

Natural rubber is produced by a rubber transferase (a cis-prenyltransferase). Rubber transferase uses allylic pyrophosphate to initiate the rubber molecule and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) to form the polymer. Rubber biosynthesis also requires a divalent metal cation. Understanding how molecular weight is regulated is important because high molecular weight is required for high quality rubber. We characterized the in vitro effects of Mg(2+) on the biosynthetic rate of rubber produced by an alternative natural rubber crop, Parthenium argentatum (guayule). The affinity of the rubber transferase from P. argentatum for IPP.Mg was shown to depend on the Mg(2+) concentration in a similar fashion to the H. brasiliensis rubber transferase, although to a less extreme degree. Also, in vitro Mg(2+) concentration significantly affects rubber molecular weight of both species, but molecular weight is less sensitive to Mg(2+) concentration in P. argentatum than in H. brasiliensis.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed2000

Sesquiterpene lactone variability in Parthenium hysterophorus L.

A population of Parthenium hysterophorus collected in Salta Argentina afforded two ambrosanolides, 2beta-hydroxycoronopilin and 1alpha,2beta,4beta-trihydroxypseudoguaian-6beta,12-olide, as well as five known others. Plants of the fructification from those transplanted from the Puna Argentina at 1200 m over the sea level produced hymenin.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed2002

Triterpenoids from Parthenium argentatum x P. tomentosa.

Four tetracyclic triterpenoids and lupeol were isolated from the hybrid Parthenium argentatum x P. tomentosa. The new triterpenoids were identified as 16, 24-epoxy-3 alpha-hydroxylanost-8-ene (argentatin E); 16, 24-epoxy-25-hydroxycycloart-1, 11, 22-trien-3-one (argentatin F); 16,24-dihydroxycycloart-20, 25-dien-3-one (argentatin G) and 16, 24-dihydroxycycloart-25-en-3-one (argentatin H). The chemical identities of these compounds were confirmed by the different spectrometric measurements.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed2003

Charminarone, a seco-pseudoguaianolide from Parthenium hysterophorus.

A novel sesquiterpenoid, charminarone, the first seco-pseudoguaianolide, has been isolated along with several known compounds from the whole plant of Parthenium hysterophorus. The structure of the new compound has been settled as 1,10-seco-dihydroisoparthenin 1,10-dione from its spectral data as well as from its conversion by reductive coupling reaction with Zn/TiCl(4) reagent to the known compound, anhydrodihydroisoparthenin. The reagent Zn/TiCl(4) has been used here for the first time to construct the seven membered ring of a pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpenoid.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed2003

Pseudoguaianolides from the flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus.

Chemical investigation on the flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus has resulted in the isolation of four new pseudoguaianolides, hysterones A-D along with the known compounds, parthenin, coronopilin, 2beta-hydroxycoronopilin and tetraneurin-A. The structures of the new compounds were established by interpretation of their spectral (1D and 2D NMR) data. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of hysterones A and C was also carried out.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed1996

Absence of cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies from subjects allergic to Hevea brasiliensis latex with a new source of natural rubber latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum).

BACKGROUND: Natural rubber latex sensitization is caused by proteins from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, the Brazilian rubber tree. Alternative non-cross-reactive latex rubber sources are needed for the manufacture of nonallergenic medical devices (e.g., catheters) that require elasticity, which is not currently provided by synthetic materials. METHODS: We have studied the ability of IgE antibodies from subjects allergic to Hevea latex and IgG antibodies from hyperimmunized mice to detect proteins derived from guayule (Parthenium argentatum), an alternative rubber source, using a direct binding and competitive inhibition RAST and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: IgE antibodies from 62 subjects allergic to Hevea latex (46 adults and 16 children with spina bifida) and from serum pools of adults allergic to Hevea latex (n = 183), pediatric patients (n = 101), and patients with spina bifida (n = 53), as well as IgG antibodies from hyperimmunized mice, were unable to detect any proteins in guayule by RAST or Western blot analysis. No competitive inhibition of IgE anti-Hevea binding to Hevea solid phase was detected by the preincubation of sera from subjects allergic to Hevea latex with soluble guayule latex before RAST analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that proteins in guayule latex are not cross-reactive with Hevea latex allergens. Devices that require the elasticity provided by rubber may be manufactured with guayule latex as an alternative rubber source for patients with Hevea latex allergy.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a high toxicity clastogen.

The in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus L. with allergenic and irritant action, was assessed in three short-term tests: bacterial reversion in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, in vitro chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood. Parthenin was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 but a weak response was observed in TA 102 (+S9) from 0.19 to 1.22 micromole per plate. Concentrations of 7.62 micromole per plate or higher were toxic, but the effect was reduced when S9 was present. Screening of oxidative mutagenesis with E. coli strains IC 188 and IC 203 gave negative results. Parthenin induced chromosomal aberrations, mainly chromatid breaks, in blood lymphocytes exposed to 10-60 microM during 20 h. An association was found with cytotoxicity, since concomitant nuclear alterations such as pycnosis, micronuclei and karyorrhexis were observed. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in lymphocytes were not influenced by exposure to parthenin; rather a decrease was observed at 60 microM. On the other hand, a minor increment in polyploid metaphases was found at 40 microM. When a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 4-31 mg/kg of parthenin was administered to mice, a positive increase in the micronucleated reticulocyte (RET) frequency was observed at 48 h for both sexes at the highest dose.

Allergens↗

PubMed2002

Effect of parthenin--a sesquiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus--on early growth and physiology of Ageratum conyzoides.

A study was undertaken to assess the effect of parthenin--a sesquiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus--on the germination, growth, and some associated physiological changes in Ageratum conyzoides. The study reveals that germination and growth of A. conyzoides was severely reduced by parthenin in the concentration range of 50, 100, and 200 microM, while at 400 microM a complete inhibition of germination was observed. The radicle length of A. conyzoides was reduced more than the plumule length. Further, the content of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll was appreciably reduced in the leaves of test plants spray treated with parthenin at 200 microM concentration. However, this inhibitory effect declined with the passage of time and at 10 days after treatment only a 25% reduction in chlorophyll content was observed compared to 76% on the first day after spray. Likewise, the cellular respiration measured through 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was found to be less in the treated leaves, and the inhibitory response also declined with time. The content of proteins and carbohydrates decreased with the passage of time after parthenin treatment. The specific activities of the enzymes protease and alpha- and beta-amylase were also adversely affected in the parthenin treated leaves. In the case of protease. the activity decreased with passage of time while those of the amylases increased. Thus, we conclude that parthenin affects the germination and growth of A. conyzoides by altering the contents of some macromolecules and the specific activities of some enzymes. Such observations may be helpful in further exploring parthenin's mode of action.

Ageratum↗

PubMed2001

Oral hyposensitization in patients with contact dermatitis from Parthenium hysterophorus.

Parthenium hysterophorus is the commonest cause of airborne contact dermatitis in northern India. Treatment is mostly palliative and consists of repeated courses of antihistamines and topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. We have evaluated the effect of oral hyposensitization as an alternative therapeutic modality. In 70% of those patients who completed the study, there was a gradual improvement in their clinical status, as evident from a fall in their clinical severity score for eczema. 30% of patients had an exacerbation during the course of the study and hence hyposensitization in them was stopped. Patients tolerated therapy well and no significant side-effects were seen, except for abdominal pain, 'heartburn' and cheilitis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2002

Simultaneous analysis of alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives for the identification of Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida and Parthenium integrifolium roots.

A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed using a computer simulation program for the identification of dried roots of Echinacea purpurea, E. angustifolia, E. pallida and Parthenium integrifolium. Hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were analysed simultaneously leading to a two-fold decrease in analysis time compared to traditional HPLC methods.

Asteraceae↗

PubMed1993

Antitumor activity of Parthenium hysterophorus and its effect in the modulation of biotransforming enzymes in transplanted murine leukemia.

The methanolic flower extract of Parthenium hysterophorus has been found to have antitumor effects in host mice bearing transplantable lymphocytic leukemia. The effect was more pronounced in terms of tumor size, tumor spread, and survival of the host. The potentiating effect of the extract was supported by biochemical autopsies relating to markers like glutathione level, cytochrome P-450 content, glutathione transferase, and UDP-glucuronyl transferase in liver tissue of the host cells. These neoplastic markers showed substantial alteration leading to slow development of tumors and increased survival of the host bearing lymphocytic leukemia.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Seasonal variation in the effectiveness of the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and stem-galling moth Epiblema strenuana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as biocontrol agents on the weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae).

Variation in the effectiveness of biocontrol agents on the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. was evaluated at two properties (Mount Panorama and Plain Creek) in Queensland, Australia for four years (1996-2000) using a pesticide exclusion experiment. At Mount Panorama, higher levels of defoliation by the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister and galling by the moth Epiblema strenuana Walker in 1996-97 coincided with an above average summer rainfall, but in the following three years with below average summer rainfall the defoliation and galling levels were significantly lower. Biocontrol had significant negative impact on the weed only in 1996-97 with no major impact in the following three years. At Plain Creek, galling by E. strenuana was evident in all the four years, but varied significantly between years due to non-synchrony between P. hysterophorus germination and E. strenuana emergence. At Plain Creek biocontrol had limited impact on the weed in 1996-97 and 1997-98, with no significant impact in the following two years. Over the 4-year period, defoliation and galling resulted in 70% reduction in the soil seed bank at Mount Panorama, but the reduction in the soil seed bank at Plain Creek due to galling was not significant. Effectiveness of Z. bicolorata and E. strenuana was dependent on weather conditions and as a result had only limited impact on the weed in three out of four years.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

A novel cDNA from Parthenium argentatum Gray enhances the rubber biosynthetic activity in vitro.

Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is an isoprenoid compound produced exclusively in plants by the action of rubber transferase. Despite a keen interest in revealing the mechanisms of rubber chain elongation and chain length determination, the molecular nature of rubber transferase has not yet been identified. A recent report has revealed that a 24 kDa protein tightly associated with the small rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis, therefore designated small rubber particle protein (SRPP), plays a positive role in rubber biosynthesis. Since guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) produces natural rubber similar in size to H. brasiliensis, it is of critical interest to investigate whether guayule contains a similar protein to the SRPP. A cDNA clone has been isolated in guayule that shares a sequence homology with the SRPP, thus designated guayule homologue of SRPP (GHS), and the catalytic function of the protein was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the GHS is highly homologous in several conserved regions to the SRPP (50% identity). In vitro functional analysis of the recombinant protein overexpressed in E. coli revealed that the GHS plays a positive role in isopentenyl diphosphate incorporation into high molecular weight rubbers as SRPP does. These results indicate that guayule and Hevea rubber trees contain a protein that is similar in its amino acid sequence and plays a role in isopentenyl diphosphate incorporation in vitro, implying that it contributes to the enhancement of rubber biosynthetic activity in rubber trees.

Allergens↗

PubMed1993

Seasonal Variations in Rubber Biosynthesis, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase, and Rubber Transferase Activities in Parthenium argentatum in the Chihuahuan Desert.

The rubber content and the activities of enzymes in the polyisoprenoid pathway in Parthenium argentatum (guayule) were examined throughout the growing season in field plots in the Chihuahuan Desert. The rubber content of the plants was low in July and August and slowly increased until October. From October to December there was a rapid increase in rubber formation (per plant) from 589.0 mg to 4438.0 mg. The percentage of rubber in the plants increased from 0.7% (mg/g dry weight) in August and 1.27% in October to 5.5% in December. The rapid increase in rubber formation may result from exposing the plants to low temperatures of 5 to 7[deg]C. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) was 21.1 nmol mevalonic acid (MVA) h-1 g-1 fresh weight in the bark of the lower stems in June during seedling growth and decreased to 5.1 nmol MVA h-1g-1 fresh weight in July and 2.9 nmol MVA h-1 g-1 fresh weight in September. From October to December, the activity increased from 5.0 to 29.9 nmol MVA h-1 g-1 fresh weight. The activity of rubber transferase was 65.5 nmol isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) h-1 g-1fresh weight in the bark in September and increased to 357.5 nmol IPP h-1 g-1 fresh weight in December. The rapid increase in the activities of HMGR and rubber transferase coincided with the rapid increase in rubber formation. The activities of MVA kinase and IPP isomerase did not significantly increase in the fall and winter. A tomato HMGR-1 cDNA probe containing a highly conserved C-terminal region of HMGR genes hybridized at low stringency with several bands on blots of HindIII-digested genomic DNA from guayule. In northern blots with the HMGR-1 cDNA probe at low stringency, HMGR mRNA was high in June and November, corresponding to periods of high HMGR activity during seedling growth and rapid increase in rubber formation. The seasonal variations in rubber formation and HMGR mRNA, HMGR activity, and rubber transferase activity may be due to low temperature stimulation in the fall and winter months.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

Effect of 2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-triethylamine on the Synthensis of cis-Polyisoprene in Guayule Plants (Parthenium argentatum Gray).

The application of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-triethylamine to guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray var 593) plants results in a 2-fold stimulation of rubber synthesis and a 1.5- to 3-fold increase in mevalonic acid kinase, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, and rubber transferase. The increase in these enzymic activities accounts in part for the chemical induction of rubber synthesis.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1984

cis-Polyisoprene Synthesis in Guayule Plants (Parthenium argentatum Gray) Exposed to Low, Nonfreezing Temperatures.

Exposure of guayule plants (Parthenium argentatum Gray) to 6 months of a night temperature of 7 degrees C results in a 2-fold stimulation of cis-polyisoprene (rubber) formation over that of control plants exposed to 21 to 24 degrees C night temperature. Control and cold-treated plants contained 2.18% and 5.69% rubber, respectively. Examination of the stem apices by transmission electron microscopy showed extensive formation of rubber particles in the cold-treated plants compared to the control plants. The rubber particles in guayule are formed in the cytoplasm and fuse to form large globular deposits. The surface area of the rubber particles and globules range from 4 x 10(-6) to 2.9 x 10(-3) square micrometers. The deposition of rubber in the cytoplasm of the cortical parenchyma cells differs from rubber deposition in the vacuoles of laticifers of Asclepias syriaca. Electron micrographs of stem cortical parenchyma in control plants show mature cells with large central vacuoles, thin layers of parietal cytoplasm, and smaller numbers of rubber particles. Radioactive acetate and mevalonate are incorporated into rubber at a faster rate in stem slices from cold-treated plants compared to slices from control plants. A faster rate of these reactions may account for the increase in rubber synthesis in the cold-treated plants.

Journal Article↗