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PubMed1994

[Prevalence and seasonal variation of Pediculosis capitis in children and the young population of the health region, Buenos Aires, Argentina].

The prevalence of the parasitic disease Pediculosis capitis was studied over a period of one year from 1-8-1992 to 31-7-1993, in Sanitary Region XI of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina which is composed of 15 districts located on the ENE, and in other areas under the influence of the Hospital Interzonal de Agudos, Especialidad Pediatría "Sup. Sor María Ludovica" de Plata, center of this Sanitary Region. A total number of 552 individuals of from medium to medium low social level of the child population of from 0 to 16 years of age were sampled at random over 52 consecutive weeks. All individuals who actually had the parasite at the time of examination were considered as positive for this disease. The results are expressed in terms of prevalence and its monthly and seasonal variations analyzed. Prevalence showed high values during all months, the lowest being in February (12%) and the highest in August (56.8%), the annual mean being of 38.04% (+/- 4.05%). Seasonally, its lowest value occurred in the summer (16.8%), the values for the remaining seasons being very similar to one another, but always higher than 38%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Comparative Effectiveness of Oral Ivermectin, 1% Permethrin Shampoo, and 4% Dimethicone Liquid Gel in Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis among School Children in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand.

Pediculosis capitis remains a persistent public health issue, especially in developing countries where resistance to standard neurotoxic pediculicides like permethrin is increasingly prevalent. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of alternative treatment options against the standard care in a resource-limited setting. We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial involving three primary schools in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06332872). Eighty-five female participants ages 6-13 years with active infestations were enrolled. Schools were randomly assigned to three treatment arms: 1) oral ivermectin (200 &#xb5;g/kg) on Days 0 and 7; 2) 1% permethrin shampoo on Days 0 and 7, or 3) 4% dimethicone liquid gel as a single dose on Day 0. The primary outcome was the cure rate, defined as the absence of live lice and viable nits upon clinical assessment on Day 9. Of the 66 participants included in the final per-protocol analysis, oral ivermectin achieved a cure rate of 95.5% (21/22), which was significantly higher than that of the 1% permethrin standard of care (37.0%; 10/27) and the 4% dimethicone physical suffocant (29.4%; 5/17) (P <0.001). Although dimethicone achieved high initial parasitic clearance on Day 0 (88.2%), a rapid reinfestation rate of 58.8% was observed by Day 9, indicating that a single-dose protocol may be clinically insufficient. Adverse events were mild and temporary across all groups. Oral ivermectin appears significantly more effective than both 1% permethrin and single-dose 4% dimethicone in this population. These findings suggest that permethrin resistance is clinically prevalent and relevant in this area.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Knowledge and practice concerning pediculosis in a health district].

Pediculosis is an endemics that has recently intensified world wide and also in Cuba as of 1970. A study was performed in the schools located in the health area of the Vedado Polyclinics in the City of Havana to find out the level of knowledge acquired and the practices followed that may have an effect on the control of this disease. Two qualitative techniques i.e. group analysis and non-participatory observation allowed to gather information. Wrong pieces of knowledge and ill practices were detected such as the belief that nits can fly, the use of a drug called Lindano 1% to treat children as a preventive method while they are in class, application of products in a wrong way, use of harmful products and no taking out of nits in a systematic way. These mistaken concepts and practices affect the analysis of cases and thus, they should be taken into consideration to increase the efficiency of the control program.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Side effects of lindane in children with pediculosis].

The side effects of lindane in children with pediculosis were reported. 2.54% of the 551 primary school children who underwent treatment had adverse reactions to this drug. It was recommended to increase knowledge about this parasitization and to avoid the indiscriminate use of chemicals and other products to eliminate lices.

Child↗
PubMed2002

A preliminary pilot survey on head lice, pediculosis in Sharkia Governorate and treatment of lice with natural plant extracts.

Twelve different representative areas in Sharkia Governorate were surveyed for head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. The pre-valence was investigated among 120 houses containing 2,448 individual, with different age, sex and socioeconomic status. Examination was done by naked eye aided with hand-lens. A total of 137 individuals were infested. Infestation rates were higher in the rural areas with low socioeconomic levels, concrete houses with over-crowded family members. Children had significantly higher infestation rates than adults. Males had lower infestation rates than females. However, the hair length and permanent hair washing were the factors accounted for both age and sex difference in prevalence of pediculosis. Head lice infestations were found all over the year, but increased in summer and spring. One hundred infested patients (90 females and 10 males) with different aged and hair length were treated with tour mixed cream from plants Lawsonia alba L. (Henna). Trigonella faemum-gracanum (Fenugreek), Hibiscus cannabinus (Hibiscus) and Artemisia cina (Wormseed). The head lice completely disappeared within a week among those patients treated by henna mixed with aqueous extract of sheah (100%) or mixed with helba (75%) or with karkada (50%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Pediculosis and scabies.

Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). Primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. Malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. The importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. Pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted diseases. Body lice infestation should be suspected when symptoms of generalized itching occur in persons who do not change or wash their clothing or bedding regularly; lice may be found in the seams of their clothing. Topically administered permethrin may help to eradicate body lice, but personal hygiene measures are essential for successful treatment. Classic scabies in adults can be recognized by a pruritic, papular rash with excoriations; in infants, small children, and the immunocompromised, the rash may include vesicles, pustules, or nodules. Primary treatment for scabies is permethrin cream and environmental measures are important to prevent recurrent infestation. Generalized crusted scabies is best treated with oral ivermectin.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Human pediculosis, or how to treat lice infestations?].

The author reports on relevant aspects of pediculosis humanus, citing the lice species implicated, their location in the zones affected by lice infestations on human bodies and in their clothing; furthermore, he describes the most frequent lesions produced by lice, the adequate handling of lice infestations and their treatment. Lice are not a recent phenomenon; probably the lice which we encounter today acting as a parasite on humans is very similar to lice which infested humans centuries ago.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drugs used in the treatment of pediculosis.

Pediculosis is the result of infestation by one of two families of sucking lice. The Pediculidae include the agents of head and body lice. Pubic lice belong to the family Pthiridae. Pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and Pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) look identical. The two differ by the slightly larger size of the average body louse, as well as where they reside and deposit their eggs. Head lice live in the scalp hair and deposit their ova on hair shafts. Body lice live in the seams of clothing and deposit their ova on fabric fibers, usually in the seams of the clothing. Although body lice are common vectors of disease, head lice have not been proven to act as disease vectors. This having been said, the two are so closely related that it is naive to believe that head lice will never be shown to spread disease.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of pediculosis capitis and determination of risk factors in primary-school children in Kerman.

This descriptive, analytical study was carried out in 2003 to determine the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and some risk factors among primary-school pupils in Kerman. We selected 1200 pupils (53% girls) from 50 primary schools by multistage, systematic random sampling. Their hair was examined for head louse infestation: 45 (3.8%) were infected with lice, 43 (95.5%) girls and 2 (4.5%) boys. The highest rate of infestation was in 9-year-olds. There was a significant relationship between head louse infestation and sex (P < 0.0001), age (P < 0.05), parents' education (P < 0.0001), father's job (P < 0.01), family size (P < 0.01), length of hair (P < 0.0001) and having separate bathing facilities in the house (P < 0.0001).

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Questionnaire survey of different groups of the population for pediculosis].

A sociological study of the level of hygienic knowledge in different groups of the population (pupils of general educational schools, students of secondary specialized and higher educational establishments, teachers of general educational schools, parents of the pupils of these schools, employees, workers, and unemployed adults), performed, by using the questionnaires for individual survey has revealed the inadequate awareness of the medical significance of lice, the conditions for the appearance and maintenance of pediculosis, the basic rules of the prevention and treatment ofpediculosis among young persons and the fair level of adults' knowledge on the above problems, which should be used in organizing and doing sanitary educational work among different groups of the population in order to enhance its effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Pediculosis in rural schools of Lublin Province].

The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in rural areas of Lublin Province in Eastern Poland and to examine its correlation with socio-economic conditions. A group of 42759 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 15 years from 52 rural primary schools were examined. The level of unemployment, number of physicians and number of nurses per 10000 inhabitants were examined in the area of experiment. We achieved the following results: a total of 682 children were found to be infested with Pediculus humanus capitis, mean prevalence was 1.6%. The girls were more frequently infected than boys (75% for girls and 24% for boys). The children most frequently affected were those aged 6 (1.6%) and 8 to 12 years (1.6-2.1%). The children least affected were those aged 13 to 14 years (0.8-1.1%). The infestation rate was strictly correlated with the number of nurses per 10000 inhabitants. There was no relationship between the level of unemployment or the number of physicians and the infestation rate on experimental area. Our investigations seems to confirme that the prevalence of P. h. capitis is influenced by the level of primary health care, particulary quality of school nurses' work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pediculosis.

Pediculosis can be caused by two distinctly different organisms, the head louse and the pubic louse. Although differing anatomically, they produce equivalent disorders, with itching, bites, and nits on the hairs. The head louse causes disease of the scalp, while the pubic louse lives in short hair in the pubic regions, the body, the axillae, the eyebrows, and the eyelashes. Both can be treated with gamma isomer of hexachlorobenzene, but various mixtures of pyrethrins seem more effective. The body louse, which exactly resembles the head louse, is the only one that can transmit disease. Treatment of body louse infestation is mainly cleanliness: washing the patient and changing his clothing.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Investigation of pediculosis carried out as the special study module No. 74, a part of Ege University Medical Faculty's educational program].

In this study, in the program of the special study module No: 74, 68 students, who attended the Izmir Konak Yüzbaşi Serafettin Primary School were examined for Pediculus humanus capitis in March 2005. Twenty female students had pediculosis capitis, but no male students were infested. The infestation rate in the girls was 55.5%. Positive cases were treated and 35.0% were found to be cured during a control performed one week later.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sociodemographic factors associated with Pediculosis capitis and pubis among young adults in the Israel Defense Forces.

While socioeconomic factors have been found to be important in the incidence of head lice (Pediculosis capitis) infestation, most reports pertain to children. Furthermore, it is not clear whether similar factors are correlated with infestation with pubic lice (Phthirus pubis). We examined the association of two measures of socioeconomic status with each condition in a random sample of 500 notifications of each condition in the Israel Defense Forces. Since head lice were predominantly reported in females, and pubic lice predominantly in males, the analyses for head lice were restricted to females (474 cases) and those for pubic lice to males (481 cases). A significant negative association was found between both the number of years of formal education and a measure of socioeconomic status with infestation with both head and pubic lice. These findings suggest that among adults, both types of infestation are more common in the lower socioeconomic groups, and this should be taken into account when designing public health campaigns to control these problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediculosis among urban and rural school children in Kumba, Meme division, south-west Cameroon.

Pediculosis is an important and common health problem in both urban and rural areas of Kumba. Out of a total of 2,312 children examined (1,462 urban and 850 rural), there was a rather disquieting overall infestation rate of 31.6% in the urban and 32.6% in the rural schools, respectively, and there was a much higher incidence of infestation among girls (36.3% urban, 35.1% rural) than boys (26.9% urban, 30.0% rural). Pubic infestation was more rampant among girls aged 13-15 years (0.3%) than boys (0.1%) of the same age-group, an age which coincides with the characteristic pubertal development of pubic hair. There was a higher incidence of lice infestation in the 9-12 year age-group (33.6% urban, 33.3% rural) than in both the 5-8 year age-group (29.3% urban, 31.6% rural) and the 13-18 year age-group (31.1% urban, and 31.7% rural). Given the nature of Cameroonian society with its African extended family system and its peculiar hospitality traits, it was not possible to correlate socioeconomic status of the children with their infestation rates. Additionally, the schools studied were not class-oriented thus social mixing occurred. Body hygiene has become a mere theoretical exercise in today's schools. Children are neither closely monitored for body cleanliness nor expelled for scandalously poor and unkempt hair and clothing. Inspection of children must be stepped up in order to improve these declining health standards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental studies on the course and the effects of pediculosis in domestic swine].

Weaned piglets, aged between six and eight weeks, underwent one single experimental infection, using few imaginal stages as well as second and third larval stages of Haematopinus suis. Louse populations of various densities developed on animals of the same litter under the same keeping and feeding conditions. No unambiguous reduction in body weight increase was observed throughout the two months of the experiment. Even pigs with 2,107 or 2,135 adult lice and their larval stages were not affected. Some of the pigs developed allergic dermal inflammations in the course of pediculosis and suffered from considerable aggravation of pruritus which used to be of minor importance before. Excessive rubbing, in response to that itching, led to mechanically caused skin lesions, some of them bleeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Scabies and pediculosis pubis.

Scabies and pediculosis pubis are ectoparasitic infestations often transmitted by sexual contact. The distinctive clinical features that characterize these infestations are described, along with laboratory diagnosis. Entomologic, epidemiologic, and pathogenetic essentials are also considered, and safe and effective methods of treatment are presented for the clinician.

Hexachlorocyclohexane↗