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PubMed1982

Utility of the Behavior Problem Checklist with preschool children.

Determined the utility of the Behavior Problem Checklist with preschool children, a sample of 101 male and 103 female children initially rated on this scale. Ss ranged in age from 42 to 72 months and currently were enrolled in Maine Headstart programs. Sixty-six of these children also were assessed on a preschool rating system developed to assess hyperactivity and withdrawal. Results revealed that the conduct disorder and socialized delinquency dimensions correlated most highly with the hyperactivity scales, while the personality disorder and immaturity dimensions correlated most highly with the withdrawal dimensions. The BPC was found to be sensitive in differentiating clinical from nonclinical groups. These findings suggest that the Behavior Problem Checklist, although not specifically designed to assess preschool age children, may be effective with this population.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Dimensions of problem behavior in deaf children.

The Behavior Problem Checklist was completed by the teachers of 192 deaf students who attended a special day school for the deaf. Three separate factor analyses were performed. Four factors that correspond to the dimensions found in earlier research and previously labeled conduct disorder, personality problems, immaturity-inadequacy, and socialized delinquency were found. An additional factor labeled passive inferiority was also extracted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Factor analysis of the Quay-Peterson Behavior Problem Checklist across racially different exceptional children.

The factor structure of the Quay-Peterson Behavior Problem Checklist was investigated, across racial backgrounds of 358 American children, in order to determine its efficacy as an instrument in measuring personality dimensions in racially different exceptional children. Similarity across races was found on factors labeled in previous studies as conduct disorder, personality problem, and immaturity inadequacy. A fourth factor including items of laziness in school, irresponsibility, and dislike for school, was found to be race specific. This factor was interpreted as resistance by black exceptional students toward expectations within a white academic environment.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2002

Potential for Anopheles campestris (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit malaria parasites in Pa Rai subdistrict (Aranyaprathet, Sa Kaeo Province), Thailand.

Member(s) of the Anopheles barbirostris group Reid, particularly Anopheles barbirostris and Anopheles campestris Reid are the suspected vectors of Plasmodium vivax in Pa Rai (Aranyaprathet, Sa Kaeo province). To determine if An. barbirostris, An. campestris, or both, are present in Pa Rai and to determine their potential to transmit malaria, a field and laboratory study was conducted. Isofemale colonizations of wild caught mosquitoes captured by landing catches were made for species confirmation and to determine the mosquito life cycle. Pupal morphology indicated all mosquitoes were An. campestris. During the late rainy season (October and November), An. campestris populations comprised 78.6% of all females captured by human landing catches and 7.1% of mosquitoes in a cow-baited trap. The biting activity cycle peaked between 2000 and 0100 hours and was highest (17.6 bites per person per hour) at 2300 hours. More An. campestris bit people indoors (nine bites per person per hour) than outdoors (four bites per person per hour). Immature An. campestris were found in ponds, swamps, rice-fields, puddles, marshes, ground pools, and pits with open sunlight to partial shade. The time from egg hatch to adult was 18-47 d and 14-22 d under laboratory (25.0-27.0 degrees C) and ambient (26-32 degrees C) conditions, respectively. The fecundity of An. campestris ranged from 173 to 311 eggs. Based on experimental infections, An. campestris was able to support the sporogonic cycle of P. vivax with 76.2 and 23.8% oocyst and sporozoite formation rate, respectively. An. campestris shows high potential as a malaria vector in Pa Rai.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Hysteria: problems of definition and evolution of the symptomatology].

What is the evolution of hysteria, now that the spectacular crises of previous times tend to occur less frequently? Are hysterical manifestations disappearing or do they take other forms? This question raises semantic and phenomenological problems concerning hysteria. A review of the literature shows the complexity and precariousness of some definitions, the question raised by associated organic disorders and the compounding influences of other nosological entities, such as depression and psychosomatic disorders. Clinical histories from the records of a psychiatric hospital for the period 1910-1929 were compared with those for the period 1970-1980. The results of the study were surprising with respect to the similarity of epidemiological profiles. If it can be concluded that hysterical manifestations are not disappearing, then the study confirms the evolution of symptomatology which, especially in women, takes atypical forms of depressive, neurovegetative or psychosomatic disorders. In males, hysterical symptoms are of a more acute nature and frequently occur in dependent, immature or infantile personalities, whilst in the past they were more chronic and frequently associated with more serious personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Differential effects of task and reinforcement variables on the performance of three groups of behavior problem children.

In a test of Quay's model of differential response tendencies in three basic dimensions of discordant behavior, 36 delinquent boys divided into three behavior groups - Conduct Disorder, Personality Disorder, Inadequate-Immature-were compared on a verbal paired-associate task under four conditions of task structure: neutral and emotional content, simplicity and complexity; and two reward conditions: material and verbal. Predictions were that the Conduct Disorder and Inadequate-Immature group would perform optimally under conditions of simple emotional task structure and material reward as opposed to the Personality Disorder group, who would demonstrate optimal performance under verbal reinforcement and reflect an interaction effect for task complexity and emotionality. Results confirmed the basic hypothesis of differential responsiveness as a function of subject variables. Directions of the differences indicated that task variables also produced critical effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiology and mass-treatment of ascariasis in six rural communities in central Iran.

In six villages near Isfahan in central Iran 1,455 persons were examined for intestinal parasites. Those with Ascaris infection were treated with pyrantel pamoate in a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and all stools passed during 48 hours after treatment were collected in plastic pans and screened for worms which were then sexed and measured. Ascaris infection rates, 87--95% in the six villages before treatment, were reduced to 1--8% (average 5%) and the mean number of eggs in the feces was reduced from 19/mg to less than 1/mg. All age groups and both sexes were about equally infected, and the average number of worms expelled by treatment ranged from 16 per infected person below 5 years of age to 31 per person 20--39 years of age. Mature and immature worms together were expelled from persons treated at all seasons, indicating that worms were acquired and lost continuously throughout the year. Fecal examination at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after treatment showed that the prevalence at 12 months had returned to the original level (87% vs. 91%) but the average intensity as reflected in egg-counts had not (10 vs. 19/mg feces). The findings confirm the necessity of repeated treatment at 2- to 3-month intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Distractibility and hypersensitivity. Two behavior factors in elementary school children.

The present paper reports on the development of a modified problem checklist for use in normal samples of elementary school children. The two factors, Hypersensitivity and Distractibility, replicated over male and female samples. Hypersensitivity showed a significant grade effect, with a decrease between the first and second grade for both boys and girls. In contrast, boys scored higher than girls on Distractibility and there were no grade differences. Convergent validitiy data from peer judgments, in-class activity level, physical fitness measures, standardized achievement scores, and a comparison with another teacher judgment are presented. In addition, three Behavioral Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1967) dimensions, Conduct Problem, Personality Problem, and Inadequacy--Immaturity, were developed and their relationships to the independent measures, as well as to the new dimensions, are presented. The pattern of correlations of Distractibility was quite similar for boys and girls, with both being rated as Mean-Noisy by their peers. The findings for Hypersensitivity were somewhat weaker. Distractibility and Conduct Problem scores reflected a similar pattern of correlations with other variables; in a like manner, Hypersensitivity and Personality Problem scores reflected a similar pattern of correlations with other variables. Distractibility was related to an increased activity level and Hypersensitivity was related to a decreased activity level in young boys. The total number of behavior problems was related to a decrease in activity level for young girls. Older Distractible and Hypersensitive girls showed different patterns of activity level. It is proposed that problem behavior is more complex for older children and that Distractibility may be less influenced by the usual socialization process of school than is Hypersensitivity and may have some congenital antecedents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Psychosocial intervention and violence towards children : a critical reflection on Québec practice.].

The importance of socio-economic and structural factors in the explanation of child abuse, is often underestimated by practitioners. As a consequence, the inter-ventive models generally adopted are based essentially on the consideration of personal factors (alcoholism, parental immaturity, childhood experience of abuse, etc.). In the light of the numerous scientific studies which demonstrate the multidimensional character of the relevant factors, a reconceptualization of this problem, and of which action strategies to privilege, is imperative. The ecological model seems appropriate to the understanding of the reciprocal interaction between the individual and the significant environments. These environments (micro-meso-exo-macrosystem) may directly or indirectly influence the family in difficulty. The suggested types of intervention would prevent the enrichment on the heightening of the personal and community resources of collectivities; they invite practitioners to analyze constantly, and to modify, when necessary, the meso/ exo/and maxosystemic elements of environments; they are grounded in the opening of boundaries and in the integration of the different services offered to these families : informal, semi-formal and formal services. It appears to be essential that an epistemological rupture occur in the paradigm that guides our practice, so as to develop a more global comprehension of this problem area, and to intervene locally at the level of the collectivities in whom ultimately resides the right to define their needs and to identify the necessary means of response. Within this framework intervention would be dynamic (proactive) and not reactive, specific to each community and integrated with the efforts already being made (or remaining to be developped) by community members. Thus the practitioner might also develop a feeling of belonging to the neighbourhood which would protect him from exhaustion and from a growing sense of powerless-ness, apathy and futility brought on principally by the daily observation of future.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1981

Development of children's behavior problems.

This study examined the development of behavior problems of white boys and girls in kindergarten through eighth grade (N = 2,991). Data included general information and ratings by teachers on the Behavior Problem Checklist, a 55-item scale that measures five dimensions of psychopathology. Results indicated two patterns of development. One trend was for conduct problems, personality problems, inadequacy-immaturity, and psychotic signs to increase from kindergarten to about the third grade, decline from the third to sixth grade, and to level off from the sixth through eighth grade. The other trend was for socialized delinquency to increase to about the third grade and to remain level through the eighth grade. Boys experienced more behavior problems than girls on four of the five Checklist dimensions, and youngsters from the lower social classes were more maladjusted than their counterparts from the higher socioeconomic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and child problems.

The association between interspousal aggression and child problems was assessed after controlling for parents' general marital discord. Participants were 87 couples requesting marital therapy who had children between 5 and 12 years old. Spouses completed measures of marital aggression, marital discord, child problems, and family demographics. Marital aggression contributed unique variance to the prediction of conduct disorder, personality disorder, inadequacy-immaturity, and clinical levels of problematic child behavior after marital discord, child's age, child's sex, and Marital Discord X Child's sex interaction were controlled. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Parental licensure.

Most of the 1,400,000 men currently locked up in American prisons would have become tax-paying neighbors had they been switched in the hospital nursery and sent home with a mature, self-supporting, married couple. The parent with whom they did go home would in most instances not have been fit to adopt someone else's baby. It is argued that perhaps the only effective way to reduce crime and the other pathologies of the growing American underclass--apart from building still more prisons--would be to require from persons wishing to birth and rear a child of their own those same minimal criteria usually expected in adoptive parents. For evolutionary reasons, human beings are reluctant to interfere with the procreational rights of any person, no matter how immature, incompetent, or unsocialized he or she might be. In consequence, human beings tend not to think about the right of the child to a reasonable opportunity for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mites in the environment of cases of Norwegian scabies.

Three cases of Norwegian Scabies diagnosed in Glasgow hospitals within 1 year each caused wide-spread outbreaks of papular eruptions amongst the patients and staff, followed later by a few cases of classical scabies. Symptoms and timing suggested that these infections were caused by immature mites derived by personal contact and possibly by contact with infected cuticular fragments which were abundant in the environment of the three patients. To control a ward epidemic, isolation of the Norwegian scabietic should be followed by environmental and then by personal disinfestation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The relationship among three models of personality psychopathology: DSM-III-R personality disorder, TCI scores and DSQ defences.

BACKGROUND: Current systems of describing personality pathology have significant shortcomings. A polydiagnostic approach is used to study the relationship between psychological, psychoanalytical and psychopathological models of personality. METHODS: The subjects were 256 patients enrolled in treatment studies of major depression and bulimia nervosa. Subjects were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DMS-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II). RESULTS: Subjects had high rates of DSM-III-R personality disorders with 52% having at least one personality disorder. Cluster A personality disorders were correlated with low reward dependence, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B personality disorders were related to high novelty seeking and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster C personality disorders were correlated with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking and low self-directedness. Immature defences were related to DSM-III-R personality symptoms, but individual defences were not related to personality clusters in a predictable way. Immature defences were strongly related to low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Both TCI self-directedness scores and immature defence scores were moderately predictive of the presence and number of personality disorders. CONCLUSION: A widely accepted clinical nosology (DSM-III-R personality disorders) rated using a clinical interview correlates reasonably predictably with two theoretical models derived from different paradigms and rated using self-reports. This might be seen as providing concurrent validity for all three models. However, serious methodological shortcomings confront studies of this type, including sample selection and measurement of personality dysfunction. One way to begin to resolve these problems is to study which personality measures are best related to treatment response and prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cognitive and psychological profiles in dysmorphic syndromes].

The recognizable patterns of human malformations have recently received much attention, particularly because of the decline of other diseases. Patients with a congenital malformation syndrome come to the Child Neuropsychiatrist for various reasons, such as: mental retardation of variable degree, learning disabilities, speech delay or absence of speech, behaviour disorders, various neurological impairment. Parents, however, seem to be mainly concerned about the prognosis of cognitive and psychological aspects. We have studied 83 patients with a specific pattern of malformations (35 affected by the Sotos syndrome; 25 by the Williams syndrome; 9 by the Cohen syndrome; 8 by the Cornelia De Lange syndrome; 6 by the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome) and have particularly investigated their cognitive and psychological profiles. 13/83 showed a normal cognitive level (9 Sotos syndrome; 4 Williams syndrome), while 70/83 showed a cognitive deficit ranging from mild-moderate (56 cases) to moderate-severe (14 cases). Linguistic deficits are prominent in the Sotos, Cornelia De Lange, and Rubinstein-Taybi patients, while practo-gnosic deficits are frequent in the Williams and particularly in the Cohen syndrome patients. The personality structure is characterized by immaturity and anxiety in all but the Williams syndrome patients, where some peculiar neurotic traits may be observed. All patients showed good communicative abilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Behavior problems of children in regular classes and those diagnosed as requiring speech therapy.

2,991 white children in regular classes and 106 white children requiring speech therapy were compared on Quay's Behavior Problem Checklist. The former had fewer problems checked in areas such as personality disorders and inadequacy-immaturity than did the latter, as expected, although the amount of variance accounted for was small. The groups did not differ on conduct problems and socialized deliquency. A question was raised about variations in psychotic signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Involving parents in child psychoanalytic psychotherapy].

Contacts with parents or other care giving persons accompanying child psychotherapy necessarily result from the emotional and material dependency of the child or adolescent. The professional guidelines for the therapeutic work with parents are contradictory and confusing. Experts' concepts are complex and inconsistent. Considering the immense impact of environmental influences on the development of children and adolescents a precise conceptualisation of this elementary part of therapy is needed in order to be able to influence the parental involvement in the disorder of the child. Three different kinds of parental involvement may be differentiated: 1. parental misunderstanding about what is beneficial for the development of the child, 2. parental involvement resulting from unconscious conflicts and 3. disturbances resulting from structural immaturity of the care giving persons. In regard of these different forms of parental involvement therapeutic aims and options for interventions are delineated.

Adolescent↗