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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Placental and umbilical cord changes in drug-addicted women].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to gauge the impact of drugs on placental changes in heroin and pervitin addict pregnant women as one of the influence factors supporting the lower birth-weight of the neonate. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Prospective study. SETTING: The Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and the Department of Pathology of the General Teaching Hospital and the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. METHODS: The drugs-addict pregnant women were included in the study in the period between January 1998 till the end of the year 2000. We succeeded to concentrate in total 39 drug abused pregnant women and 39 their placentas and umbilical cords were examined (19 heroin and 20 pervitin addict). The placentas were sent for the histological examination in total without the chemical fixation. There were 3 placental samples, 2 cord and 2 membranes samples examined. The controls groups were formed by non-abused pregnant women and their placentas by method of accidental choice. RESULTS: We found the statistically significant higher incidence of placental and cords abnormalities in among the addict women compared to their non abused controls (P < 0.05). In heroin addict group in 16 from 19 cases were the abnormalities present. We registrated increased intervillous and perivillous microfibrin deposits (6 times), an increased number of trophoblastic proliferation buds (7 times) increased vascularization of the villi (7 times) mikrovilli (6 times) and their necrosis (5 times). In umbilical cord we enregistered in 3 cases the only one artery, in two case the thrombosis of the vein. In 5 cases we also found the signs of infection. In pervitin addict group we registered placental changes in 9 from 20 cases. The majority of them presented as increased microfibrin deposits on the surface and also in the choriotic board (9 times), in five cases we enregistered the intervillous haemorrhage manifested in 2 cases clinically as abruption of placenta. The placental changes participate in low birth weight of neonates, IUGR and the abbreviation of the gestational duration. CONCLUSION: The microscopic changes in placenta is the expression of the circulatory disorder during the attack of the drug. They are not four-square specific, rather quantitatively expressed. In heroin abused women is the incidence of placental changes much more higher comparing to pervitin-addict. Heroin led more frequently to preterm labour, lower birth-weight and IUGR. The pervitin-addict mothers are higher risk of placental abruption.

Amphetamine-Related Disorders↗
PubMed2001

[Characteristics of a population of drug dependent pregnant women in the Czech Republic].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to characterise the population of drug abused pregnant women in Czech republic and chart their socioeconomic situation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: The Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the General Teaching Hospital and the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. METHODS: This prospective study coursed since January 1998 till the end of the year 2000. This study covered a group of pregnant women addict on illegal drugs (heroin, pervitin). The group was set in close cooperation with Prague's contact anti-drugs centers (DROP-IN, K-centrum, Sanopin), Dependence therapy department and Department for genetics Teaching hospital Prague and of course in cooperation with the district gynaecologists. During 3 years we succeeded in gathering 41 addict women for prenatal care. Twenty of them were heroin and 18 pervitin addict. The control groups were selected by method of accidental choice. We compared each group with its control and both groups of addicted mutually. We focused mainly on characteristics which could have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy, labour and lying-in period and the health condition of the foetus and the neonate (age, status, employment, parity, length of drug abuse, mode of application, attempt of therapy or abstinence, STD, hepatitis B and C, quality of prenatal care). RESULTS: We proved, that drug abused pregnant women are statistically significantly younger than pregnant women from control groups (by equal parity), mostly single and unemployed. The majority of them prefer intravenous way of drug application. The heroin--addict choose this type of application statistically significantly more often (94.4%) and also more often they report efforts at abstinence or therapy. A big part of drug abused pregnant women has insufficient prenatal care. 33% of heroin-addict and 25% of pervitin-addict never attended the obstetrician during their pregnancy. We revealed a significantly higher incidence of HBsAg a mainly anti HCV and active hepatitis C among women from both "drugs" groups compared to their controls. We did not encounter any HIV positive case among the Czech addict pregnant. CONCLUSION: The population of drugs-addict pregnant women may be characterised as a high risk group from the view of prenatal care. The pregnancy is not a sufficient impulse for the majority of drugs-addict women to change their life stereotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence study of serious substance abusers in the Czech Republic.

In October of 1995, a prevalence study of serious substance abusers was carried out in the Czech Republic. The prevalence study focused on: 1. persons hospitalized because of drug addiction as of 31.10.1995; 2. persons who visited one of the treatment/contact centres during October of 1995. Data on serious addictive substance abusers were collected from 142 treatment/contact centres. The overall prevalence in the 15-39-year age group is 30.3/100,000 inhabitants, the highest in Prague (115.0/100,000 inhabitants), followed by Northern Bohemia (34.1) and Northern Moravia (32.0). The most frequently used primary drug remains pervitin (349 users, i.e. 35.5%), followed by heroin in the second place (126, i.e. 12.9%), marihuana in the third place (94, i.e. 9.4%) and toluene in the fourth place (81, 8.1%). The 15-19-year age group is the most affected, and corresponds to 36.9% of all users. In this age category, women predominate (47.2% of all users). Heroin is equally used in the 15-19-year and 20-24-year age groups, while pervitin is used most in the 15-19-year age group, as are marihuana and toluene; the frequency of gambling increases more or less with age. Heroin is used most in Northern Bohemia (48.4%) and Prague (24.6%), and pervitin in Prague (34.7%) and Northern Moravia (18.9%). Data on injection administration of drugs, which is dangerous because of the possibility of transmission of hepatitis and HIV, confirm that almost two thirds of all users prefer this means of application. The great majority of all serious abusers are persons with only elementary schooling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Natural opium as one of the possibilities for drug abusers.

Natural opium is a popular seasonal alternation for substance dependent people. Its processing, way of using, experience and change of habits was the aim of our study carried out via anonymous questionnaire and directed interview. 47 questionnaires were obtained. According to our results natural opium has been abused by people 19-42 years old, more than a half of them were male. Basic drug were pervitin in 57 %, marihuana in 33 %, a considerable part (30 %) was natural opium. Each grower produced approximately 35 g of raw opium in one season. The most frequent way of application was smoking, injecting and "opium tea" drinking. Almost a half of the clients (40 %) felt attenuation after application; relaxation, hallucination and central stimulation admitted 25 % of respondents. Health troubles had majority of the users. Combinations of natural opium with other drugs (alcohol, marihuana, pervitin) declared 45 % respondents, the effects of the combinations admitted one third of users. The examination for viral hepatitis confirmed more than a half of the clients; the major part of users from Olomouc, but only 25 % of users from Prostejov were tested for HIV. Opium consumption influenced habits of personal hygiene of more than a half of the users (57 %). Routine servicing of the spot of the needle insertion practiced a half of the responders. Majority of the abusers (79 %) obtained and closed out paraphernalia throw to the "harm reduction" program.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Methamphetamine in hair and interpretation of forensic findings in a fatal case.

Hair analysis for drugs has been developing and is considered a significant tool for distinguishing between recent and long-term drug abuse in forensic and clinical toxicology. Chronic consumption of drugs can gradually induce certain harmful effects on the human organism and can exacerbate some pre-existing diseases. Analysis for drugs in blood or urine in isolation does not provide sufficient information about the history of drug-use by a person and their results cannot be correlated directly with the toxic effects displayed. The chronic abuse of methamphetamine is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. During or after autopsy certain types of morphologic alterations are found in the hearts of stimulant addicts. The rapid increase in blood pressure after an intravenous methamphetamine dose can be risky for addicts with arteriosclerosis. However, the anamnestic data about a deceased person may not always be available to explain the pathological findings and to classify the cause of death correctly. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of hair analysis for drugs in the context of explaining pathological cardiovascular alterations observed during the autopsy in a case where methamphetamine consumption was involved. In this case, only methamphetamine and metabolites were detected with traces of ephedrine. Ephedrine is the precursor chemical in the illicit synthesis of methamphetamine (known in the Czech Republic as "Pervitin"). The femoral blood level of methamphetamine was 1500 ng/ml. It was documented by a witness that the 31-year-old man died within 1h after an intravenous injection of the drug. The cause of death was established as cerebral edema due to cerebellar bleeding shortly after an intravenous dose of methamphetamine. Findings of methamphetamine in the first three 2-cm hair segments (numbered from the roots) were nearly equal (132+/-9 ng/mg). In the fourth 2-cm segment, it was approximately one-half of previous values. In the remaining, distal 7-cm hair segment sample, the value of methamphetamine was higher and comparable to the third segment. These results provide clear evidence that the man had been a chronic methamphetamine abuser for more than 8 months. This information can help to explain the pathology, the consequence of which could be the bleeding into the cerebellum after the last single methamphetamine dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The psychological characteristics of patients with drug addictions].

The paper presents results of the examination of 70 patients with different forms of drug addiction (opium, heroin, pervitin addictions, including patients with polynarcomania). Psychologic tests were used to evaluate personal traits of the patients (MMPI variation), peculiarities of the emotional sphere (test of Lusher) and the intellectual level (Progressive Matrices of Raven). It was revealed that chronic drug dependence resulted in considerable disorders of personality--psychopathization and schizoidization. Intellectual abilities of the patients were on the low normal level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B and C in intravenous drug users].

Markers of viral hepatitis A-C of 99 intravenous drug users predominantly (in 96%) from the Karviná district were examined from March 1998 to February 1999. Pervitin (methamphetamine) was the basic drug in all subjects. Anti-HAV was detected in 6.4% of VHA non-vaccinated individuals, anti-HAV/IgM was not found in any case, HBsAg was detected in 4.0% (acute VHB was diagnosed in all these cases), anti-HBc in 9.2% and anti-HCV in 25.0% of the investigated cases. Our results confirmed the importance of drug use by injection, esp. needle sharing, for the spread VHB and VHC. In case of VHA the fecal-oral route of transmission in this subpopulation is dominant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

["Addictive" personality].

The paper presents an observation of 100 patients (84 men, 16 women) aged 13-50 years (mean 25 +/- 6.7 years) with different forms of drug addiction, namely: heroin, opiate, pervitin-ephedrone addiction as well as polynarcomanias. The duration of drug addiction ranged from 1 to 24 years (mean 4.35 +/- 2.25 years). No matter what the type of a drug was abused, all patients had levelled off individual personal traits and some formed peculiar narcomanic defect. It was characterized by elevated excitability, gradually progressing affective disorders in form of dysphoric or apathoabulic depressions, affective lability, prevailing hysteric-excitable forms of responses, psychosocial dysfunction as gradually decreasing interests, different anomalies of the emotional sphere, impuls control disorders, including sexual ones. A moral-ethic decrease was pronounced as well as transient intellectual-mnestic disturbances. By and large personality disorders were qualified as an "addictive personality".

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Dependence of the formation of the addictive personality on the predisposing factors].

During observation of 100 patients with consequences of different types of drug-addictions (heroin, opium, poly-drug, pervitine-ephedrine) a complex of social and biological factors was analyzed: heredity, premorbid personality, somatic diseases, nurture, age of the onset of drug-addiction, duration of drug abuse, a social behavior. Influence of these factors was studied according to the following parameters: alteration of personality; degree of the moral-ethic decline and of the intellectual-mnestic disorders; somatic complications; the presence of the suicidal trends; frequency of self-damages; a professional level; family interrelations; frequency of the delinquencies (including conviction). On the basis of the correlation analysis it was established that the most significant unfavorable prognostic factors, which had determined a rate of the formation of the addictive personality were the following (in order of the decrease of significance): perinatal pathology; family history of alcoholism, drug-addiction and other mental diseases; personality deviations in premorbid period; an early age of the onset of drug addiction; a type of the drug; education; alcoholic abuse before the addiction; duration of the addiction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Detection of caspase as a sign of tissue damage].

Caspases are cysteine proteases which participate in different stages of apoptosis. Apoptosis, cell death, programmed by its nucleus is associated also with a number of diseases and tissue damage. To this process increasing attention is paid also in the sphere of forensic medicine, in particular to make use of the diagnostic contribution in investigation of cause of death, vital reaction and time when the injury developed. In damaged tissues by immunohistochemical methods caspase activity was assessed. Caspase 8 activity (Flice) was detected in the heart muscle in congenital heart disease in a two-week old infant but also in ischaemia in a 58-year old woman with thrombosis of the coronary artery or in acute circulatory failure after an overdosage of pervitin in a 39-year-old drug addict. In the liver there was a positive finding in hepatocytes in chronic inflammatory changes caused by chronic alcohol abuse. An early caspase 8 reaction after an injury is suggested by positive findings in skeletal muscles of the neck and larynx in a 47-year-old man who was strangled. A positive reaction was proved only at the site of the line caused by the strangulation tool. However macroscopically nor by common histological staining the muscle tissue did not display any signs of injury at the mentioned sites. The results suggest that immunohistochemical evidence of caspase 8 can be used as a suitable complementary examination not only for detection of damaged tissue but also for evaluation of early stages of the vital reaction.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

[Fritz hauschild (1908-1974) and drug research in the 'German Democratic Republic' (GDR)].

The chemist and pharmacologist Fritz Hauschild developed the sympathomimetic agent Pervitin (metamphetamin) in the 1930s. Not only because of the abuse of the stimulant during the Second World War ("pilot's chocolate") it is one of the most controversial substances in drug history. Nearly forgotten are Hauschild's contributions to build up the drug system in the GDR. Although he was a convinced communist, the skilful pharmacologist gave very early warning of the imminent lack of innovation in the GDR pharmaceutical industry. A letter which he addressed to the Minister of Health, Max Sefrin (born 1913), did not lack explicitness.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗
PubMed1998

Trends in the incidence of problematic drug addicts in the Czech Republic, 1995-1996.

During 1996 there were 3,252 newly registered problematic drug users (incidence 31.5/100,000 inhabitants) while in 1995 it was only 2,470 drug users (23.9/100,000 inhabitants). Trends in the incidence of problematic drug users and their age structure and regional distribution between 1995-1996 characterise the current drug scene in the Czech Republic as follows: Slightly upward trend of the incidence of problematic drug users with prevalent position of pervitin. Dramatic increase in heroin use in 1995 has changed in slower growth of the number of new users in 1996. Proportion of men to women is totally 2:1 with major differences between individual drug types. Gradual decrease in the average age of problematic users, especially women, and decrease in the age of first use of primary drug. The most affected age group are young people between 15 and 19. Increasing number of problematic users under 15 is also alarming. Major differences in the incidence of problematic users and in the different representation of individual types of drugs in regions with prevalence of Northern Bohemia and Prague. High and gradually upward trend of injection drug users; national average nears to 60% and thus exceeds Prague and Northern Bohemia regions. Injection users under 19 represent 1/3 of all registered problematic users and approximately 50-60% of all injection users.

Adolescent↗