A picture frustration test study in essential hypertension.
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Adult↗
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Results for “PICTURE FRUSTRATION STUDY”
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Is personality involved in the expression of dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis?
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a relationship exists between personality and expression of pain in women with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: With use of the Rosenzweig picture frustration study, the personality of women with endometriosis was assessed. These results were then correlated with the manifestation of pain. RESULTS: Women without dysmenorrhea tended to be less assertive compared with women who complained of dysmenorrhea and women without endometriosis. Those women without dysmenorrhea showed a destructive attitude in face of a problem. CONCLUSIONS: Personality affected the expression of pain. Pain caused by endometriosis was influenced by each personality type.
Adult↗
A psychological study on patients with masticatory muscle disorder and sleep bruxism.
Sleep bruxism (SB) has been believed to be related to stress and psychosocial factors, however their implicit relationship has remained unclear. This study was conducted on patients visiting our clinic with SB and masticatory muscle disorders (MMD) for the purpose of clarifying personality and behavioral traits. This study was conducted on patients of MMD visiting our clinic. The Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration study was performed on each patient. Twenty-seven (27) patients were divided into two groups: 17 patients with SB and 10 patients without. The SB group showed a significantly lower level of E (extrapunitive) reaction than the nonSB group. SB patients showed a significantly higher level of M (impunitive) reaction than those without SB. Concerning the directions of aggression, the percentage of E-A (extraaggression) was significantly lower in SB patients than in those without. On the other hand, the percentage of I-A (intraaggression) was significantly higher in patients with SB than those without. Our study found a new aspect of the patients with MMD and SB: they are not only intraaggressive, but are also unable to be extrapunitive and extraaggressive. Consequently, they are unable to demonstrate adequate self-assertiveness in stressful situations.
Adolescent↗
Development of the overt-covert aggression inventory.
The expression of anger in Japanese people is different from that of other races. We developed a new brief inventory, the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory, to assess aggressive behavior ofJapanese people by focusing on their uniqueness and examined its reliability and validity. This inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Picture-Frustration Study were administered to 3,104 men and 316 women in a factory. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were examined. We confirmed that the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory has adequate reliability and sufficient concurrent validity, however, further studies of the construct validity and discriminant validity are required.
Adult↗
[Aggressive behavior of patients with psychosomatic disorders. A comparative study of patients with ulcerative colitis and diabetes mellitus with the Rosenzweig-P-F Test].
In previous investigations with the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (PFS) the patients of the psychosomatic sample distinguished themselves by a decreased extrapunitivity and increased intropunitivity in comparison with the "healthy" control persons and by a more distinct intropunitivity compared with neurotic control persons. In this investigation two groups with patients with somatic diseases are compared with the PFS-32 patients with ulcerative colitis (psychosomatic group) and 30 patients with diabetes mellitus (somatic control group). The patients with colitis attain significantly higher scores on the dimension intropunitivity, i.e. they turn aggressive impulses against self to a greater extent. The result is in accordance with the assumption of an aggressive inhibition of patients with ulcerative colitis often described in the literature.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Patients' noncompliance and how doctors manage this.
The purpose of this study was to examine doctors' behavior towards patients' noncompliance and to explain it within the framework of frustration theory. Two groups of physicians participated. The first group of 30 was selected from a larger group, based on tape-recordings of patients' visits where obvious examples of noncompliance were found. The 63 physicians forming the second group were interviewed to discover their attitude/behavior towards noncompliance. The tactics observed in the first study group and reported by the second group were then analysed according to the same system of categories. In the second group RPFS (Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study) was also applied to find determinants of the doctors' behavior. In general, 11 different tactics were identified but only five were applied by more than 10% of doctors from either group. These were: medical threat (most frequently used in both groups) carrying the doctor's point in an indulgent atmosphere, authoritarian tactics, medical information, withdrawal. There were no significant differences between the groups as to the tactics used (i.e. no differences between observed and reported behavior), on the contrary, a positive correlation was found. The doctors applied certain tactics of doubtful effectiveness which might worsen the patient's emotional state or harm him as a person. On the other hand, many valuable techniques of proved efficacy were not used. When the doctors' tactics were interpreted within the framework of frustration theory as task-oriented or ego-defensive, it was found that in both groups the ego-defensive tactics predominated. The kind of tactics adopted towards noncompliance was strongly determined by the attitude towards frustration measured by RPFS (Kendall Q coefficient = 0.92).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Defense Mechanisms↗
Emotional and affective disturbances in patients with epilepsy.
We sought to assess whether epilepsy is associated with a higher risk of emotional reactions to frustrating stimuli, aggressive behavior, apathy, and depression, and whether these psychiatric patterns are specific to the epileptic condition. The study population consisted of referral patients 17 years and older with idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy (i.e., epilepsy not caused by a detectable brain lesion) without significant cognitive dysfunction. A first control was selected for each patient among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and a second among normal blood donors. Aggressiveness in response to stressful stimuli was assessed with the Picture Frustration Study (PFS). Depression was tested by the Beck Depression Inventory. The Aggressive Behavior Scale (assessing irritability and rumination) and the Apathy Scale were also used. Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were used as the risk measure. Statistical analysis included between-group comparisons. In patients with epilepsy, the test scores were correlated to the main demographic (age, sex, education, marital status, and occupation) and clinical features (seizure types, disease duration, seizure control, and treatments). The sample included 55 patients with epilepsy, 56 diabetics, and 59 normal individuals. Patients with epilepsy and the two control groups had similar PFS scores and similar aggressiveness. Scores were also similar for the Aggressive Behavior and Apathy Scales, with similar numbers of individuals with aggressive conduct and excess rumination. Patients with epilepsy had higher depression scores. Moderate to severe depression was present in 9 cases (diabetes, 2; blood donors, 1) (P=0.004). Relative to blood donors, the OR for moderate to severe depression (95% CI) was 2.1 (0.1-61.7) for diabetes and 11.3 (1.4-247.8) for epilepsy. No significant correlation was detectable between test scores and patient and disease characteristics.
Journal Article↗
The psychological aspects of patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS).
OBJECTIVE: The current study attempts to define the psychological features of patients with delayed sleep-phase syndrome (DSPS). METHOD: We administered the Yatabe-Guilford test (Y-G test), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Picture-Frustration study (P-F study) and Rorschach test to two groups, one of patients with DSPS (case group) and the other of people without psychiatric symptoms or insomnia (control group). RESULTS: Overall, the results of the tests indicate that patients with DSPS showed emotional features such as nervousness, depression and lack of control of emotional expression. Specific personality traits included introspection, defensiveness, aspiration for intellectual attainment with compulsivity, overly abstract thinking, unawareness of impulsivity to immediate gratification, perseverance and reduced cognitive ability. In addition, the patients with DSPS showed psychopathological features similar to those of neurosis, hypochondriasis, depression, conversion hysteria and psychopathic deviate. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to exist a definite psychological profile for patients with DSPS. (1) an excessive defense mechanism that increases nervousness and develops neurosis; (2) a high level of intellectual aspiration with compulsivity that makes the patients feel self-defeated, powerless and disappointed; (3) a tendency to egocentric emotion, inhibition and perseverance. These characteristics may worsen social withdrawal, causing a loss of social cues in synchronizing their circadian rhythm. Thus, the phase shift becomes more difficult and a vicious circle is constituted.
Adult↗
[Psychodiagnostic studies in dialysis patients of a center and a limited care facility].
In order to find out how far center hemodialysis (ZD) and limited-care hemodialysis (LCD) influence adjustment and being of the afflicted persons, 21 ZD-patients and 19 LCD-patients were examined psychodiagnostically with the following tests: Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (adapted to German conditions), and Freiburger Persönlichkeits-Inventar. By means of statistical analysis it could be shown that the hemodialysis patients do not present themselves to their fellow-men in accordance with their real thinking and feeling. This behaviour brings on the peril of deviating attitudes which can affect their vigour. The LDC-patients gave much more indications of autonomous self-responsibility than the ZD-patients did. Psychotherapeutic efforts primarily should counteract regressive tendencies.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Do anger and aggression affect carotid atherosclerosis?
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although a number of metabolic and psychosocial factors have been identified as coronary risk factors, no studies have evaluated the relation between personality and cerebrovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relation between the characteristics of anger or aggression and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis on the basis of the findings of B-mode ultrasonography. METHODS: The Cornell Medical Index was used to measure anger in 34 patients with signs of atherosclerosis or at least one of four recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking). The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study and Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test were used to evaluate aggression. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was performed, and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was determined by plaque score. The occurrence of risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis was compared among the patients. RESULTS: The correlation of plaque score with one item that endorses anger was r = .65 (P < .01) and with "extrapersistive" in aggression was r = .50 (P < .01). Multivariate analysis identified significant correlations between plaque score and age, hypercholesterolemia, and anger. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that anger and, perhaps, aggression may be risk factors for cerebrovascular disease.
Aggression↗
Preliminary study: psychological effects of muscle relaxation on juvenile delinquents.
The purpose of this study is to test our hypothesis that muscle relaxation is effective on the psychological well-being of juvenile delinquents. Subjects were 16 juvenile delinquents who had entered a reform school. Subjects were divided into two groups. The muscle relaxation group received muscle relaxation therapy once a week for a total of 4 times. The control group spent an ordinary daily life in the reformatory. Psychological questionnaires used were the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study (P-F study), the Psychological Stress Response Scale (PSRS), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). There was a significant Group Time interaction of the Group Conformity Rating (GCR) of the P-F study (F [1,14] =10.1, P=0.007). There were no significant interactions in the other psychological subscales. Thus, muscle relaxation therapy may improve frustration tolerance among juvenile delinquents.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Effects of prenatally administered 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on adolescent males.
The study was designed to determine whether exogenous prenatal exposure to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin) affects male recreational interests in boyhood and adolescence and male psychosexual development and whether total dosage, duration, and time of exposure has an effect on the previously mentioned variables. Subjects included 25 prenatally Delalutin-exposed males and 25 closely matched unexposed males. Subjects were administered the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, the Draw-a-Person Test, the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study for Adolescents, the Embedded Figures Test, and the Forer Structured-Sentence Completion Test. Also, both subjects and their mothers were interviewed. Analysis of the data utilized raters to score subjective test instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted by t test, sign test, and multiple correlation. Only one significant difference was evident. Delalutin-exposed subjects spend significantly more time in the sedentary pursuit of watching television. However, there was no significant difference in their expressed interest in watching television or the type of television programs selected. The total dosage, duration, and period of gestation of drug administration had no significant effect in altering the findings. But a subtle difference was observed when the Delalutin regimen was not constant and when there was an interaction between psychological variables and the drug regimen.
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
The effect of fish oil on physical aggression in schoolchildren--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether fish oil supplementation affected Japanese schoolchildren's behavior, with changes in aggression over time as the primary endpoint. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A placebo-controlled double-blind study with 166 schoolchildren 9-12 years of age was performed. The subjects of the fish oil group (n=83) took fish oil-fortified foods (bread, sausage and spaghetti). These foods were provided in amounts such that each subject in the fish oil group had an intake of 3600 mg of docosahexaenoic acid+840 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/week for 3 months. The rest (the controls, n=83) took control supplements. At the start and end of the study, psychological tests were performed to assess their aggression. RESULTS: Physical aggression assessed by Hostility-Aggression Questionnaire for Children in girls increased significantly (median: 13 to 15, n=42) in the control group and did not change (13 to 13, n=43) in the fish oil group with a significant intergroup difference (P=.008) with baseline as covariate. The changes in physical aggression scores over time and those of the ratio of EPA/arachidonic acid in RBC (DeltaEPA/AA) were significantly correlated in girls who agreed to blood collection (r=-.53, P=.01, n=23). On the contrary, there were no significant changes in physical aggression in boys. Aggression against others (extraggression) assessed by Picture Frustration Study did not change in the control group (median: 5 to 5) but increased significantly in the fish oil group (4 to 5) with a significant intergroup difference (P=.02) with baseline as covariate. These changes in extraggression might be explained partly by significantly lower baseline values of extraggression in the fish oil group (P=.02) than in the control group. There were no significant correlations between Deltaextraggression and DeltaEPA/AA in blood-sampled children (n=49). Impulsivity of girls assessed by parents/guardians using the diagnostic criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder of DSM-IV was reduced in the fish oil group (1 to 0) with a significant (P=.008) intergroup difference from the control group (1 to 1). There were no significant correlations between Deltaimpulsivity and DeltaEPA/AA in blood-sampled girls. In males, impulsivity reduced in both groups without any intergroup differences. CONCLUSION: There is a possibility that changes in fatty acid nutrition might affect physical aggression especially in girls.
Aggression↗
A scale for measuring persistence in children.
Persistence and its assessment have been studied since the 1920s. One common approach in measuring persistence has been through testing the subject's ability to solve difficult or monotonous problems. Another approach has been through questionnaires. Although persistence is very important in academic achievement and in the general development of personality, no questionnaires have been developed for measuring persistence in children. The present research concerns the development of such a scale. It includes 40 items and was tested on 322 Israeli children aged 7-13. The internal reliability of the scale (Cronbach alpha) was .66, and the test-retest reliability after 6 months was .77. The scale differentiated active gymnasts from non-gymnasts as well as persistent gymnasts from dropout gymnasts. In addition, significant correlations were found between the scale and the need-persistence measure of the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study, Locus of Control, and other measures. We discuss these findings along with the significance of persistence in everyday life.
Journal Article↗
Mild hypoglycaemia and questionnaire measures of aggression.
A glucose-tolerance test was given to a group of males who did not have a history involving aggressive behaviour or abnormal glucose metabolism. In these subjects a significant correlation was found between the tendency to become mildly hypoglycaemic and scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study. A factor analysis of the data found that both scores on the aggression questionnaires and the measure of hypoglycaemia were similarly weighted. These results extent to normal subjects the finding that there is a relationship between hypoglycaemia and aggressiveness, a result previously found in psychiatric patients.
Adult↗
Validity of the Overcontrolled-Hostility (O-H) Scale: a brief report.
In order to further assess the validity of the MMPI O-H (overcontrolled hostility) Scale, high and low O-H youthful offenders were administered the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and their responses classified as extrapunitive, impunitive or intropunitive. Results indicated that high O-H subjects were significantly more impunitive than low O-H subjects and conversely, that low O-H subjects were more extrapunitive than high O-H subjects. Such findings are consistent with the O-H personality typology and lend further support to the construct validity of the Scale.
Adult↗
Responses to frustration: comparison of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized retarded adolescents and nonretarded children and adolescents.
Thirty adolescents (10 institutionalized retarded, 10 noninstitutionalized retarded, 10 nonretarded CA-matched) and 10 children (nonretarded MA-matched) were individually given the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (Children's Form). Responses were scored for direction of blame and reaction type, yielding nine frustration response categories. Three of the nine response categories showed significant group relationships. Retardation, institutionalization, and CA were all found to have an effect on responding, although analysis of response profiles showed all groups to be very similar in response pattern.
Adolescent↗
Aggressive behavior and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study.
The current status of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, a measure of aggressive verbal behavior in response to frustration at the developmental levels of the child, the adolescent and the adult, is described. Conceived as generically or essentially self-assertive, aggression can be viewed as affirmative or negative, constructive or destructive in effect. Six categories, three under direction and three under type, have been conceptualized to define the modes of aggressive response. These interrelated categories combine into nine scoring factors. Norms at the various age levels have been established, and the reliability and validity of the instrument have veen determined. Pragmatic validity has been shown in the investigation of behavior disorders, psychosomatic conditions, delinquency, school adjustment, and a large variety of vocational and social problems. The P-F has been adapted and standardized world-wide (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, India, Japan). Its applicability in cross-cultural research has been demonstrated.
Age Factors↗