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PubMed1988

Group-specific and type-specific gel diffusion precipitin tests for bluetongue virus serotype 20 and related viruses.

Using antigens prepared from cell cultures infected by bluetongue (BLU) virus type 20 (BLU-20), and sera from cattle which had recovered from experimental infection by that virus, two distinct precipitin reactions were demonstrated by immunodiffusion. Two distinct gel diffusion precipitin tests were developed based on these reactions. The antigen of one was common to BLU-20 and two other Australian BLU isolates, CSIRO 154 (BLU-21) and CSIRO 156 (BLU-1). It was therefore concluded to be a group-specific test. The antigen of the second appeared to be unique to BLU-20. The test based on this antigen correlated well with the virus neutralization test for BLU-20 and it was therefore concluded to be type-specific. Similar methods applied to a virus of the Palyam (PAL) group demonstrated two precipitin reactions of similar broad (group) and narrow (type) specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Circumoval precipitin antigens for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. I. Development of an antiserum reactive with Schistosoma mansoni eggs by the circumoval precipitin test.

A serum was developed which reacts with Schistosoma mansoni eggs by the circumoval precipitin (COP) test. This antiserum to COP antigens was prepared by coupling the COP immune complexes to protein A-Sepharose, isolating the complex with acid buffer, and immunizing rabbits with the eluate. The antiserum reacted with S. mansoni eggs, forming globular bleb and septate precipitates. It also reacted in gel diffusion with a soluble egg antigen preparation of S. mansoni (SEA). Of four SEA antigenic components precipitated one was clearly MSA1. The antiserum to the COP antigens had anti-parasite antibodies absorbable with lyophilized cercariae or eggs. Three human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were involved in the COP reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Schistosomiasis japonica in Barrio San Antonio, Basey, Samar in the Philippines. IV. "Atypical" precipitates in the circumoval precipitin test--a reaction of recent infection.

Morphologically distinct circumoval precipitin reactions, not having the usual "segmented" appearance, are characteristic of recently acquired infection of man with Schistosoma japonicum. In contrast to the precipitins seen in plasma of those with chronic infections, reactions of recent infection (RRI) are commonly, large, vacuolated blebs or, if elongate, are smooth and vacuolated in structure. Recognition of these RRI provides a practical, simple method to study incidence of infection and the techniques used are readily accepted by children in primary school grades.

Child↗
PubMed1983

"Haysickness" in Icelandic horses: precipitin tests and other studies.

Blood samples were taken from 18 healthy horses (Group A), 15 horses clinically diagnosed to have "haysickness" ("farmer's lung") (Group B), 10 closely related horses (Group C) and 14 inbred horses (Group D). Precipitins in sera were measured by double gel diffusion test against Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Rhizopus species. In Group A, all the horses were precipitin negative except one with a faint reaction to Rhizopus species. In Group B all had precipitin against M faeni. One horse also had precipitins against Rhizopus species and another against A fumigatus. In Group C, seven of the 10 horses had precipitins against M faeni. Of these, five had a history of respiratory signs, but two horses with a faint reaction had no such history. In Group D, four out of 14 horses had positive precipitin tests against M faeni. Of these four horses, three also had a faint reaction to A fumigatus and one a faint reaction to Alternaria species. All were asymptomatic. These results indicate that "farmer's lung" in man and "haysickness" in horses are of the same origin. However, further studies are necessary to substantiate the diagnostic or prognostic value of these precipitin tests in equine practice. The question of whether hereditary factors play a role in causing this disease also warrants further studies.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of the circumoval precipitin test using dried blood on filter paper as a diagnostic tool in epidemiological survey for schistosomiasis.

The suitability of the circumoval precipitin (COP) test in a field survey for schistosomiasis in the rural area using dried blood samples on filter paper was evaluated with reference to the stool examination by the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique. Both blood and stool samples were collected simultaneously among over 600 inhabitants of two schistosomiasis endemic communities (barrios) of Palo, Leyte, Philippines. The method of collecting blood samples on filter paper, the procedure for COP test and its sensitivity in detecting schistosomiasis cases are described. Blood sampling from finger prick was acceptable to both adults and children so that blood samples were readily obtained while the collection of stool samples required repeated visits to the homes. A significantly higher percentage of schistosomiasis positives were obtained by COP test than by stool examination. The COP test results were comparable to the stool examination results on the following aspects: 1) highest infection rate in the 10-19 age group and lowest infection rate in the 60 years old and above; 2) positive rates for schistosomiasis did not differ significantly between the two barrios and 3) no family accumulation of the disease in the two communities was observed in this survey in 1972. The stability of the antibody in filter paper, the reliability of the test and the simple and rapid procedures involved make this filter paper method of COP test very practical and suitable for schistosomiasis survey in rural areas.

Adolescent↗