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Results for “PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Cystic fibrosis and endobronchial pseudomonas infection.

The discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene has provided new approaches to gene therapy and drug therapy. At the present time, however, we are still faced with the morbidity and mortality due to lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia. The present survey of some of the recently published articles shows that applied science related to the clinical care of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is also progressing. Cross-infection in CF centers and during social contacts between CF patients out of the hospital environment has been described in some countries. Prophylactically, cohort isolation procedures are effective. The individual clinical course of the chronic pulmonary infection is adversely influenced during prediabetic mellitus periods and by development of high titers of specific IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies against P. aeruginosa. A vaccine against P. aeruginosa is currently being tested in CF patients. The induced antibodies have much higher affinity and opsonophagocytic activity than infection-induced antibodies. Ciprofloxacin, which is widely used in CF, easily gives rise to resistance in P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Restricting the use of this drug in CF is therefore necessary. Aerosolized recombinant DNase is a promising and efficient new drug for management of airflow limitation due to purulent airway secretion in CF. For end-stage CF, double-lung and heart-lung transplantation show encouraging intermediate-term results, the two main obstacles being donor organ shortage and obliterative bronchiolitis.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Cefsulodin for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections--a study comparing cefsulodin and ticarcillin.

The efficacy of cefsulodin against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated first in an open trial and then in a controlled comparative study in which ticarcillin was used. The first trial consisted of 16 patients with proven Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, 9 of whom also received an aminoglycoside. In the second trial 28 such patients were evaluated (14 on cefsulodin 1 g 4 times daily and 14 on ticarcillin 5 g 4 times daily); all patients also received an aminoglycoside. The results of the two trials were similar in that 75% of the patients of the first trial and 86% of the second group exhibited an excellent or good response to cefsulodin. For the ticarcillin group a similar response was noted. In the first trial the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa did not change markedly, whereas one strain of the cefsulodin group became resistant in the second trial. Pharmacokinetic data were in agreement with those reported in the literature. Side effects were rare.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and its role in pseudomonas infections.

Most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce three proteases with broad substrate specificities. One of these enzymes has elastolytic activity (P. aeruginosa elastase). This elastase has tissue-damaging activity and is capable of degrading various plasma proteins such as immunoglobulins, coagulation and complement factors, and alpha-proteinase inhibitor. There is evidence for a role of elastase in localized infections such as experimental pseudomonas keratitis, pneumonia, and burn infection. Once colonization and invasion has occurred and septicemia has been established, these enzymes are probably less important. Elastase is probably best classified as a virulence-enhancing factor in certain types of infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Distinct slime polysaccharide depolymerases of bacteriophage-infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence of close association with the structured bacteriophage particle.

Five new polysaccharide depolymerases were isolated from cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected with phages 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The production of enzyme paralleled the release of phage. Depolymerase associated with phage 8 was active on slime polysaccharide A, whereas depolymerases associated with phages 6, 7, 9, and 10, like pseudomonas phage 2, hydrolyzed slime polysaccharide B. None of the depolymerases was active on slime polysaccharide C. Despite exhaustive purification, depolymerase activity was found to band with the phage particles at a density of 1.49 to 1.51 g/ml in a density gradient composed to cesium chloride. These results suggest that the depolymerases are firmly bound to the phage particles.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1990

[Pulmonary Pseudomonas infections].

145 strains of pathogenic pseudomonas had been isolated from the sputum or bronchoscopic aspirate of 1423 patients with pulmonary infections. They were classified into 8 types, among which 31.7% was pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the dominant causative organism in pulmonary infections of the aged while in presenile ones the organism was mainly Pseudomonas fetid. The incidence of nosnocomial pseudomonas infection in patients of COPD with respiratory failure was 40%, of COPD with pulmonary infection 9.1% and of others 6.6%. 24 pseudomonas carriers with COPD (colonies less than or equal to 10(6)/ml in sputum) had been followed up. 16 out of them became negative in sputum culture without any treatment, while the remaining 8 developed pulmonary pseudomonas infections. 21 patients (14.5%) were found to have other types of pseudomonas infections during antibiotic treatment. Sensitivity tests showed that third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides had definite antimicrobial activity against pseudomonas, the former being more stable and effective than the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pseudomonas infection of the catheter exit site successfully managed with topical acetic acid.

A case of recurrent catheter exit site infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented in a patient receiving home parenteral nutrition. The past episodes were managed by elective catheter replacement following extrusion of the catheter cuff. We describe the successful use of acetic acid to the exit site which resulted in the eradication of the organism and complete resolution of all signs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[A program for prevention of pseudomonas infections and immunoprophylaxis with PSAEVA vaccine].

The authors present three main trends of prevention of Gram-negative opportunistic infections investigated at the Cardiosurgical Clinic of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. An important part is played by active and systematic surveillance with early signalling and analysis of new infections with subsequent aimed interventions against concrete sources of infection and mechanisms of transmission. It is necessary to think more of activation of endogenous infection the specific features of which make repression difficult and motivate investigations of preventive approaches. Rational antibiotic policy has so far not appreciated the danger of selection of endogenous and exogenous agents in standard situations where antibiotic therapy lacks an aimed and restrained approach. Immunoprophylaxis with the PSAEVA vaccine in the first preliminary controlled clinical investigation was characterized by the absence of nosocomial epidemics and septicaemia and a significant (fivefold) reduction of the incidence of non-pyocyanic Gram-negative bacteriaemia. The success of vaccination seems to be related to the anti-colonization and anti-invasive mechanism of specific and unspecific nature.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1980

Pseudomonas infection of the nose.

We report an unusual complication of nasal surgery. A rare, localized Pseudomonas infection of the nose developed after a routine submucous resection and nasal reconstruction in a healthy 56-year-old woman. We emphasize the need for early aggressive management in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections of the nose.

Female↗
PubMed2001

CFTR and pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant threat to human health as it is frequently recalcitrant to conventional antibacterial therapy. This ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium is notorious for its nutritional and ecological flexibility and its resistance to both antibiotic treatments and sanitary measures. These properties contribute to its prominence as a leading source of opportunistic nosocomial (hospital acquired) and a less appreciated, but significant cause of community acquired infections. P. aeruginosa remains a considerable problem for patients with burns, neutropenic individuals, and cystic fibrosis patients (CF). In this review, we will address the current issues in P. aeruginosa infections in CF. A major emphasis will be placed on the factors predisposing CF patients to colonization with P. aeruginosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intrauterinely acquired Pseudomonas infection in the neonate.

The case is presented of a premature infant with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, apparently acquired in utero. After a complicated postnatal course, the child was noted to have a profound hearing loss. This infection itself, was rapid and progressive, with the infant showing signs and symptoms characteristic of Pseudomonas infection, such as necrotizing skin vasculitis and "green" purulent discharge. Pseudomonas infection poses a virulent and life-threatening challenge to the immunologically immature infant. Infection with this organism, uncommon in the neonate, results in significant morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pseudomonas infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Thirteen bacteremias and 25 nonbacteremic infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. occurred in 22 of 236 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection with a rate of infection of 0.098 (bacteremia, 0.030) per patient year. Four patients were neutropenic (less than 500/microliters). Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections were most frequent (n = 20) followed by otitis externa (n = 6) and pneumonia (n = 5). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate and caused both CVC-related and CVC-unrelated infections, whereas other Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia were almost exclusively associated with CVC-related infections. The children who received appropriate therapy had a favorable outcome. In 7 CVC-related infections (35%) the catheter was removed. Pseudomonas spp. are of increasing importance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children causing significant morbidity and increased hospitalization. These infections may be life-threatening if appropriate therapy is not vigorously initiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Identification and specificity of pilus adsorption proteins of filamentous bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Filamentous bacteriophages Pf1 and Pf3 infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains K and O, respectively. We show here that the capsids of these bacteriophages each contain a few copies of a minor coat protein (designated g3p) of high molecular mass, which serves as a pilus adsorption protein, much like the protein g3p of the Ff bacteriophages which infect Escherichia coli. Bacteriophage Pf1 was observed to interact with the type IV PAK pilus whereas bacteriophage Pf3 interacted with the conjugative RP4 pilus and not with the type IV PAO pilus. The specificity was found to be mediated by their pilus-binding proteins. This is evidence of a conserved pathway of infection among different classes of filamentous bacteriophage. However, there are likely to be subtle differences yet to be discovered in the way these virions effect entry into their targeted bacterial cells.

Adsorption↗