SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PSYCHIATRY”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

An audit of a specialist old age psychiatry liaison service to a medium and a high secure forensic psychiatry unit.

The elderly prison population is increasing and there is a significant amount of unidentified psychiatric morbidity among elderly prisoners. A sizeable number of elderly subjects are referred to regional forensic units. These units are able to provide advice but are reluctant to admit frail, physically ill and vulnerable elderly into their unit because the ward environment is considered inappropriate for them. A sizeable number of inpatients in medium and high secure units are elderly. This paper is an exploratory audit of referrals from a medium and high secure forensic psychiatry unit to a specialist consultation-only liaison old age psychiatry service, which was specifically developed to service the forensic unit. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients seen by this specialist service were similar to elderly inpatients in medium and high secure units. All referrals were judged to be appropriate and new management advice was provided in all cases. Main reasons for referral included diagnostic advice, placement advice and treatment advice. Establishing a diagnosis of dementia was considered important because Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia can be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. Placement advice was the most difficult to provide because of paucity of residential and nursing homes able and willing to accept patients with a forensic history. There is a need for a comprehensive model of specialist forensic old age psychiatry service at a regional or supraregional level. A consensus needs to be reached on the exact configuration of such a service.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

[Psychiatry today and psychiatry tomorrow].

In the light of present knowledge the author examines the courses which psychiatry of the future could follow. In the fields concerning secondary or tertiary prevention it seems probable that psychiatry of the future is situated in a line of continuity in relation to psychiatry of the present, while affirming and complementing it. On the other hand, primary prevention still requires to be found, the operational models of the past and present being manifestly inadequate.

Forecasting↗

PubMed1979

[Continuing Education Course of the Swiss Society for Psychiatry. Biological aspects of psychiatry. Introduction].

The author traces the prestigious history of the Burghölzli, cradle of Swiss psychiatry. He also describes the outstanding role played by Zurich as the city in which integration took place between the developing psychiatry, psycho-analysis, psychodynamics and biological research. The author shows how psychiatry, which had been faced with the mechanistric and philosophical dilemma of an epoch, could disengage from the dangers of a reductive approach thanks to Freud's influence, as well as the knowledge produced by biological and psychopathological discoveries. A new equilibration was, thus, found and a multidimensional model came into being. Today psychiatrists may choose to become either clinicians, or psychoanalysts, or devote themselves to research. Contract has become essential as well as the recognition of these different domains, this in order to improve the understanding of mental disorder.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1995

[Awareness of the political abuse of psychiatry in relation to psychiatry and the law].

The political abuse of psychiatry in the former USSR was enabled by: 1. a disproportionate pointing up of the medical criteria of mental disorder to the detriment of the social ones, above all by circumventing the sociological labelling process; 2. lack of control of involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation by the law; 3. an obsolete definition of psychiatry. The author suggests a definition of psychiatry taking into consideration both the above mentioned criteria and making the importance of the legal control of involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation more evident.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗

PubMed1997

[Geriatric psychiatry--a specialty within psychiatry].

The aim of this article is to describe the prevalence of mental disorders in the elderly and how the psychiatric services for these patients ought to be organized in Norway. Geriatric psychiatry is a special branch of psychiatry. Its areas of concern are the assessment and treatment of mental disorders which frequently occur in the elderly. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders are depression and dementia. Functional psychosis and anxiety disorders are less prevalent, but nevertheless disorders causing great concern. Psychiatric morbidity frequently coexists with physical illness. An elderly patient suffering from a mental disorder often has a combination of psychological, social and physical needs. The resources allocated to psychiatric services for old people are scarce. Efforts should be made to establish a special unit for geriatric psychiatry in every county in Norway. Each unit should serve approximately 150-200,000 inhabitants, and should consist of both an in-patients' and an out-patients' clinic. It is recommended that there should be 1 to 1.5 beds per 1000 elderly aged 65 years and over.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Child psychiatry at a general hospital. The aims of preventive "liaison child psychiatry"].

The department of child psychiatry, Ullevål Hospital, has started a liaison child psychiatry service for persons under 18 years old admitted to the hospital. The different tasks involved are analysed with a view to meeting the requirements of the different wards. This facilitates purposeful liaison, establishment of jointly agreed priorities and evaluation of the service.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

General hospital psychiatry in Italy: on the hospitalization of psychiatric patients and consultation-liaison psychiatry after Law 180, 1978.

The type of psychiatric assistance carried out in Italy before Basaglia's views gained ground--that is, before 1968, when his book L'Istituzione Negata was published--is first described. The "Democratic Psychiatry" movement he launched was the mainspring of Law 180 (1978), known to have led to the closing of asylums. This law has brought about moves to create new mental health community services covering wide areas, the setting up of special diagnosis and care sections in general hospitals responsible for compulsory admissions--and overcrowding in private clinics and University clinics within general hospitals. The role of the psychiatric ward (opposed by the supporters of "Democratic Psychiatry") and of consultation-liaison psychiatry within the ambit of the general hospital is then discussed in the light of our experience.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗

PubMed2006

[Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatry, Psychatrium--trends and changes in the names for mental health care institutions in Germany in the 20th century].

This paper investigates trends in the history of names for psychiatric institutions in Germany in the 20 (th) century. Professional lobbyism as well as efforts to fight stigmatisation of mentally ill patients form the background for name changes. The replacement of the term "Heil- Und Pflegeanstalt" ("Institution for the Cure and Care") by "Krankenhaus" ("hospital") in the 1950s/1960s, when through the introduction of modern psychopharmaceuticals psychiatry finally got acknowledged as an equal medical discipline and at the same time broke with the dreadful heritage of Nazi psychiatry, was a major step. The unity of the hospital itself and complimentary mental health care institutions is often expressed by "Zentrum" ("centre") as is the preservation of the patients' ties and their reintegration into the community by "Soziale Psychiatrie".

Germany↗

PubMed2002

An experiment in graduate medical education: combined residency training in pediatrics, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry.

As an experiment in graduate medical education, a 5-year curriculum in pediatrics, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry was developed and evaluated over a 10-year period. The evaluation results suggested that the program's goal to create a cadre of specialists was achieved in terms of recruitment, performance during training, fostering of clinical reasoning ability, board certification rates, and postgraduate activities. As a result, the American Boards of Pediatrics and of Psychiatry and Neurology decided to make the combined training track permanent, and the numbers of training sites and residents have since been expanded.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1978

Reliability of the Group for Advancement of Psychiatry Diagnostic Categories in Child Psychiatry.

A total of 403 multiple diagnoses were independently assigned to 41 patient protocols by 73 psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers to determine the levels of interrater reliability of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) diagnostic categories. With the exception of the psychotic disorders category, these diagnostic categories were found to have low levels of interdiagnostician reliability. Differences in the reliabilities across disciplines and levels of training were found. It is noted, however, that neither years of experience, kind of training, nor direct contact with the patient can be regarded as a substitute for improvements in the classification system itself. The importance of a reliable classification system for child psychiatry is emphasized and suggestions for improvements in the present GAP system are made.

Child↗

PubMed2006

Psychiatry under pressure: reflections on psychiatry's drift towards a reductionist biomedical conception of mental illness.

We argue that contemporary psychiatry adopts a defensive strategy vis-à-vis various external sources of pressure. We will identify two of these sources--the plea for individual autonomy and the idea of Managed Care--and explain how they have promoted a strict biomedical conception of disease. The demand for objectivity, however, does not take into account the complexity of mental illness. It ignores that the psychiatrist's profession is essentially characterized by fragility: fluctuating between scientific reduction and the irreducible complexity of reality. Therefore, the psychiatrist is not in need of hard and fast rules, but of judgment. At the end, we suggest that philosophy could inject some healthy uncertainty within psychiatry in order to restore its fragile identity. Our examples are drawn from the Dutch situation but we are confident that they apply to other countries as well.

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Outpatient consultation-liaison psychiatry: a valuable addition to the training of advanced psychiatry residents.

With current health care reimbursement conditions and recent research denoting the important relationship between mental health status and poor functioning, especially in medically ill patients, one would think that consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry would have an increasingly viable role in the outpatient health care sector. However, only a small number of outpatient C-L clinics are reported and recently several of these have folded. These outpatient C-L clinics can follow different clinical models and have the potential, especially at the residency and fellowship training levels, for interesting and useful educational opportunities. This paper describes a recently founded outpatient C-L clinic--the Medical Illness Clinic--in a university medical center's department of Psychiatry. We highlight the structure of the clinic, the kinds of patients seen, and focus on the unique educational residency training opportunities this setting presents. The results of clinic rotation evaluations by residents are also presented. We conclude with recommendations for more exploration of this clinical model and evaluation of its utility in psychiatric residency education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2002

Immunological research in clinical psychiatry: report on the consensus debate during the 7th Expert Meeting on Psychiatry and Immunology.

There is convincing evidence that cytokines are involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of brain function and interact with different neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine pathways. The possible involvement of the immune system in the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie psychiatric disorders has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Thus in the last decade, numerous clinical studies have demonstrated dysregulated immune functions in patients with psychiatric disorders. Such findings formed the basis of the 7th Expert Meeting on Psychiatry and Immunology in Muenster, Germany, where a consensus symposium was held to consider the strengths and weaknesses of current research in psychoneuroimmunology. Following a general overview of the field, the following topics were discussed: (1) methodological problems in laboratory procedures and recruitment of clinical samples; (2) the importance of pre-clinical research and animal models in psychiatric research; (3) the problem of statistical vs biological relevance. It was concluded that, despite a fruitful proliferation of research activities throughout the last decade, the continuous elaboration of methodological standards including the implementation of hypothesis-driven research represents a task that is likely to prove crucial for the future development of immunology research in clinical psychiatry.

Allergy and Immunology↗

PubMed1995

Psychiatry and the practice of medicine: the need to integrate psychiatry into comprehensive medical care.

Psychiatric problems are common in general medical practice and strongly influence medical utilization. A number of studies have shown the positive effects of psychiatric interventions for both medical inpatients and outpatients. Unfortunately, historic and economic forces have tended to keep the medical and mental health components of care separated. This paper presents information supporting the need to reintegrate psychiatry into medical practice. Such reintegration will require a shift in the location of mental health clinicians into the primary care setting, a change in the curriculum of medical residents, and a clearer definition of the role of psychiatry in relation to the other mental health professions.

Comprehensive Health Care↗

PubMed1983

The Foundations' Fund for Research in Psychiatry and the growth of research in psychiatry.

For over a quarter century, until it disbursed its remaining funds in 1981, the Foundations' Fund for Research in Psychiatry (FFRP) aided hundreds of researchers in fields related to mental health. The fund was established by a private donor, the late Charles B. G. Murphy. Much of the research it sponsored during its early years was psychoanalytically oriented. In the 1960s it shifted to a more biological and social orientation. Its influence was greatest during its first decade, when its research grants, fellowships, and support to departments of psychiatry helped to launch the modern era of psychiatric research. This review analyzes FFRP's activities and examines its achievements.

Foundations↗

PubMed1992

Associations between dimensions of religious commitment and mental health reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry: 1978-1989.

The authors assessed all measures of religious commitment (N = 139) reported in research studies published in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry in 1978 through 1989 (N less than 35). For nearly two-thirds of the measures, the studies either made no hypotheses or reported no results concerning the relationship of religious commitment to mental health status. For the great majority of the measures assessed, the studies reported a positive relationship between religious commitment and mental health.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Residency training in emergency psychiatry: a model curriculum developed by the education committee of the american association for emergency psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE: Describe training goals, objectives and requirements in emergency psychiatry to assist residency programs in developing comprehensive training programs to ensure psychiatric residents acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to competently assess and manage patients with psychiatric emergencies. METHODS: The American Association for Emergency Psychiatry (AAEP) Education Committee developed these guidelines using a consensus-building process. CONCLUSION: These guidelines address all aspects of training including objectives, recommended training sites, rotation length, clinical supervision, curriculum content and evaluation. The objectives emphasize acute assessment and intervention skills. The AAEP Education Committee hopes that by implementing these guidelines, training programs will enable residents to become competent and comfortable working in a psychiatric emergency service.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatry resident graduate comfort with general medical issues: impact of an integrated psychiatry-primary medical care training track.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a psychiatry-primary medical care (PPMC) training track impacts comfort and behaviors related to addressing general medical issues after residency. METHOD: Thirty five psychiatry resident graduates completed mailed surveys; nine of them had completed the PPMC track. RESULTS: Compared to non-PPMC participants, PPMC participants felt better prepared to address medical issues and tended to perform more consultations and feel more comfortable referring patients to general medical providers. They were not more likely to perform routine health screenings. CONCLUSION: Integrated training tracks may impact resident preparedness and career choice but may be insufficient to influence practice behaviors related to delivering general medical care.

Attitude↗