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PubMed2006

Management of psychosis in Australian general practice.

The BEACH program, a continuous national study of general practice activity in Australia, gives us an overview of consultations involving the management of psychoses. In this analysis we have included schizophrenia, affective disorders/bipolar, organic psychoses, and senile psychoses, with undefined psychosis and chronic brain syndrome grouped as 'other'. This synopsis provides a backdrop against which the theme articles in this issue of Australian Family Physician can be further considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Clinico-epidemiologic study of the mental state of a group of elderly persons from the general population].

A clinico-epidemiological study of a representative group of individuals older than 60 years of age from the general city population demonstrated that by far not all mental disorders of old age come into contact with a psychiatrist. A study of 1020 individuals (361 males and 659 females) detected 23 patients (2.3% of the studied population), who suffered from psychotic conditions and who were not registered in the neurophsychiatric dispensary: 6(0.6%) with schizophrenia, 6 (0.6%) -- with delusional psychoses of old age, 9 (0.9%) -- with vascular and senile psychoses and 2 (0.2%) -- with exogenous -- organic psychoses. Besides, in 29 cases (2.8%) there were signs of expressed organic dementia. In 38.9% of the studied individuals there were different mental abnormalities not attaining a psychotic level (initial weakly pronounced and mild psychoorganic conditions).

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1959

The changing age-structure in Sweden and its impact on mental illness.

In Sweden, as in other developed countries, the increased expectation of life has led to a growing preponderance of the older age-groups. The need for a thorough study of the effect of this new situation on the general health level of the population is evident, but material for such a study is still largely lacking. The article below discusses the difficulties of investigating the situation in the field of mental illness, and describes an enquiry into the senile psychoses in Stockholm. No sign was discerned of a trend towards an increasing morbidity-risk for senile psychosis in the different age-groups, the increasing number of admissions to hospitals being due to other, mainly social and economic, causes. This finding is of interest in the light of the cautious conclusion reached in Sweden that the increased economic burden created by the growing number of old persons can largely be offset by an increase in the relative number of able-bodied persons in the higher age-groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Dynamics and prognosis of mental disorders incidence in elderly patients].

Mental disorders incidence grows constantly in patients of 60 and older. It has grown by 9.8% in 1998 as compared with 1993 and by 21.2% as compared with 1991. In 1998 psychoses and mental retardation incidence was 117.1, while nonpsychotic forms of the disorders--136.4 per 100 thousands of population at the age of 60 and older. The main increase of the incidence was found in the group with disorders characteristic for the late age. A number of the new patients with senile psychoses and dementias increased in 1998 by 21.3% as compared with 1993, while a number of patients with nonpsychotic disorders of vascular nature during the same period increased by 61.2% and with the disorders of the other organic nature--by 35.3%. From 1995 the individuals of the old age had high incidence of reactive states--by 58.9%, of neuroses--by 71.8% and of psychosomatic diseases--by 72.2%. The paper predicts further increase of mental disorders incidence in the population of elderly and old age.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Establishment of a local psychiatric service.

The Faroe Islands are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean between Norway and Iceland inhabited by about 42,000 people. They are considered a nation with home rule within the Danish Kingdom. A Psychiatric Department was not established on the islands until 1969. Before this, psychiatric patients were referred to the local General Hospital and about half of the patients in each diagnostic group were sent on the Psychiatric Hospital in Nykøbing on Zealand, Denmark. Since the establishment of the department, admissions have increased in all diagnostic groups, especially in the group of senile psychoses. The total increase amounts to 2.4 times the admission rates of psychiatric cases to the General Hospital and 4.4 times the admission rates to the Psychiatric Hospital in Nykøbing in the last years prior to the start of the local service. The outpatient department has grown steadily, the patients attending are distributed in diagnostic groups similar to Danish outpatient departments.

Denmark↗
PubMed1975

[Morphological aspects of organic brain syndromes (author's transl)].

Organic psychoses are caused by a variety of disorders. In general, they are due to diffuse dysfunction of the brain without any specific anatomical basis, but they may be modified by disorders of some distinct neuronal systems as a result of local accentuation of a dissuse morbid process or localized brain damage. Acute organic psychoses are usually caused by disorders of the blood-brain barrier (cerebral oedema), acute neuronal dysfunction of disorders of synaptic transmission. Acute lesions may be reversible or terminate in stationary defective states or progressive neuronal degeneration. In late stages, the anatomical sequelae of the basic process and of secondary lesions are hardly to be separated. The non-specificity and inconsistency of brain lesions is demonstrated in chronic alcoholic psychoses. In senile organic psychoses there are quantitative correlations between psychopathological, neurophysiological (slowing of the basic rhythm) and morphological changes, mainly characterized by loss of neurons and synaptic contacts. Vascular syndromes are often over-diagnosed clinically. Localized mental syndromes are non-specific, but show characteristic locations, as they are commonly associated with dysfunction of neuronal systems engaged in storing and recall of information (frontobasal region and limbic system). Further detailed studies are needed in order to achieve better correlation between specific features of behavioural and intellectual defects and anatomical location and quantitiy of lesions.

Aging↗