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PubMed1986

[A comparison of dynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and analytic group psychotherapy].

Three groups of patients (N = 30) distributed as well as possible according to indication among standard psychoanalytic therapy, analytic group therapy and dynamic psychotherapy were submitted to testing in order to investigate the risk indices for stress factors (Dührssen) and to factor analysis with the aid of the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the Giessen-Test, and the Extended Giessen Complaint Sheet. A fourth group of Patients (N = 30), originally assigned to group therapy but having discontinued treatment, was used as control group. It was found that among patients assigned to any of these types of therapy the stress index was significantly higher than among patients seeing the physician for merely an initial examination and the taking of their case histories. Furthermore, the different groups showed different indices for stress factors: Patients in dynamic psychotherapy had by far the highest index of stress, followed by the patients who had discontinued group therapy. Group therapy patients who completed their treatment had again a slightly higher risk index than those who had been assigned to standard psychoanalytic therapy. Application of the above mentioned tests or complaint sheets revealed significant differences between the specific groups. But therapy also resulted in significant improvement of isolated aspects. An investigation concerned with the number of days of hospitalization and the number of days of disablement in a randomly selected group of patients in 1977 showed a statistically significant reduction of these numbers in the five-year period following therapy when compared to the last five years prior to therapy. On the whole the investigation has made it apparent that any comparative psychotherapy study is more or less futile when the patients under observation are parallelized merely according to age, sex, and symptoms while the respective risk indices with the accompanying stress factors in childhood and adolescence are being neglected.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1977

The different kinds of group psychotherapy with patients with different diagnoses.

Group psychotherapy is a treatment method in which in addition to the therapist(s) the participating individuals are, autocentrically, active in attaining a therapeutic effect. The different kinds of group psychotherapy are described: 1) activity group psychotherapy, 2) analytic group psychotherapy, 3) directive-suggestive-group psychotherapy, 4) psychodrama, 5) accelerating/focal methods of group psychotherapy. Group psychotherapeutic techniques with patients of different diagnoses are discussed, e.g. group psychotherapy with drug dependants and alcoholics, in which it is not possible to use a pure analytic method of group psychotherapy. Their oral tendencies and narcissistic desires of undergoing a fusion with the therapist have to a certain degree to be fulfilled. Schizophrenics should encounter is group psychotherapy an unconditioned emotional response from the therapist. These patients on the one hand expect to be understood in their psychotic experience, but on the other hand they seem to be glad when the measures of the outside reality are maintained in the group. The relatives of schizoprenics wanting to co-operate are taken in a parallel group. Depressives, especially endogenous depressives, need a longer time to be integrated in a therapeutic group than other patients, but if they can be integrated, it helps them to tolerate their sufferings. To the neurotics, group psychotherapy offers insight and a chance to "translate" this insight into a new social behaviour. Analytic self-experience groups with staff members give them an opportunity to recognise from their own experience the conflicts and the behaviour patterns from which their patients suffer.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

Combining group psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: a survey.

Group psychotherapists, primarily members of the American Group Psychotherapy Association, were surveyed to determine their practice and attitude toward inclusion of patients receiving psychotropic medication in their "typical" outpatient psychotherapy groups. One hundred forty-three questionnaire responses were received from 258 contacted practitioners (55.4% return rate). More than two-thirds of the physicians, social workers, and psychologists reported including medicated members, and the professions did not significantly differ. Mood disordered patients were most frequently and schizophrenic and manic patients were least frequently reported to receive medication. Overall, clinicians' attitudes favored including medicated patients in the group. Indeed, therapists did not view inclusion of drugs as a detriment to the treatment process. Clinicians having only one medicated patient in their group felt more strongly that such individuals did not interfere with the treatment process when compared with those having none or more than one medicated patient. The one difference by discipline was that social workers and psychologists did not endorse the idea that medicated patients needed to be in groups led by psychiatrists.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1981

[Social psychology study of group psychotherapy in neuroses].

Three groups of patients with neuroses (30 patients as a total) were examined in the process of group psychotherapy. The examinations revealed a close interconnection between some personality peculiarities on the one hand, difficulties in social functioning, disturbances in the somatic and emotional spheres, adequacy of understanding the disease cause, compensation and decompensation by the patients, level of the motivation for the treatment, and time course of all these factors in the process of the group psychotherapy on the other. A comparative analysis of the groups has confirmed the hypothesis that the efficacy of the treatment by the group psychotherapy method depends on the level of the socio-psychological development of the patients constituting one or another group.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Group psychotherapy for abused women: a survivor-group prototype.

Theoretical and research-based clinical psychiatric nursing interventions are prerequisites for the advancement of the psychiatric mental health nursing practice (Babich & Voit, 1991). Based on these prerequisites, the authors implemented a group psychotherapy intervention for battered women using Campbell's adaptation (1986) of Litton's survivor-group prototype (1976). This group prototype was chosen because it specifically recognizes the strengths of survivors of violent experiences. Major process and content themes were identified through analysis of group psychotherapy sessions, substantiating the efficacy of this group prototype as a basis for intervention with woman abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Factors influencing the outcome of group psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: Group psychotherapy is a widely used form of treatment for bulimia nervosa, and many open and controlled studies have demonstrated that it is relatively effective. However, it is not clear what factors enhance or reduce that effectiveness. This review considers the potential role of a number of such factors. METHOD: The literature on the effectiveness of group psychotherapy was selected on the basis of its publication inclusion in peer-reviewed journals. Unpublished material was not included. Factors considered included theoretical orientation, therapy dose, concurrent treatment, client characteristics, and service characteristics. RESULTS: The research to date shows no obvious advantage attached to any single therapeutic orientation or to the gender of therapists. However, other aspects of group psychotherapy do seem to influence outcome. Better outcomes are associated with longer, more intensively scheduled groups and with the addition of other treatment components (e.g., individual work). There is also evidence that relatively large groups are a viable option. These conclusions are reasonably congruent with clients' own expressed preferences regarding therapy. DISCUSSION: It is suggested that future research should focus on matching the characteristics of individual bulimics to the nature of the group psychotherapy, in order to increase engagement and effectiveness while reducing drop-out rates.

Bulimia↗
PubMed2002

Existential issues in group psychotherapy.

Existential issues in group psychotherapy derive from existential thought both as a philosophy and as a value system. Its origins derive from the weakening of traditional values and the growing alienation of man from himself. The unique features of existentialism can be applied to all forms of therapy. These features are universal to humankind. They are finiteness, aloneness, guilt, responsibility, and freedom. In including existential concerns as part of group psychotherapy, therapist and patients move more closely to bilateral relationships and subjective interactions.

Existentialism↗
PubMed1985

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients.

Group psychotherapy with multiple personality patients is an infrequently utilized technique. In a homogeneous group composed of multiple personality patients, the technique of group psychotherapy is examined in detail. The group setting, selection of patients, and group composition are described. Therapeutic issues involving group process, intrapersonal dynamics, transference, countertransference, co-therapy, and termination are examined. Finally, psychotherapy with the group of multiple personality patients is contrasted with group psychotherapy with borderline patients and incest victims.

Adolescent↗