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PubMed1994

Why are some pamphlets hard for patients to read?

In this study with lung cancer patients, we describe not only text characteristics that hinder comprehension, including unfamiliar words and poor organization, but also reader characteristics that hinder comprehension, such as educational level, and what the patient wants to know. Based on our and other's research we recommend writing what the reader wants to know, relating new learning to what the learner already knows, and using organizational cues for clarity and emphasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Public information on normal forgetfulness and dementia: effectiveness of a systematically developed information pamphlet].

Previous research revealed that many elderly people are worried about their memory and are afraid of falling victim to dementia. An information brochure was developed in 1991 for this target group. After reading the brochure, 63% of all respondents who were worried about dementia beforehand (n = 307), said that their anxiety had decreased or disappeared. Approximately 3% of the total group of 400 respondents became more worried. A cognitive test battery was used to determine whether people's increased or decreased anxiety was justifiable. This test battery gave an indication of the severity of cognitive problems. A sample of 104 people was tested. Thirty subjects achieved a low test score and sixteen of them were inappropriately reassured by the brochure. Approximately 64% of fifty-four subjects who performed well on cognitive test and were worried about dementia beforehand, were rightly reassured, but the other 36% were (still) unnecessarily worried. The occurrence of dementia in a close relative covaried with worries about possible dementia in people with good test results. In conclusion, it appeared that an information brochure about normal forgetfulness and dementia may reduce the anxiety for dementia.

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PubMed1993

[Metabolic improvement of diabetes mellitus through pamphlets on the norms of self-monitoring control measures].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether giving a leaflet containing norms of self-control to diabetics receiving insulin treatment results in a metabolic improvement. The HbA1c was established prior and subsequent to giving out the leaflet. The written norms contained in the leaflet were highlighted from the wider range of instructions obtained from diabetes education. DESIGN: A longitudinal intervention study with no random allocation. SETTING: Hospital care in a specialised Endocrinology clinic. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 122 types 1 and 2 diabetics, treated with various insulin diets, who had received prior diabetes education and carried out blood self-controls. Cases of meta-diabetic syndrome, serious illnesses and those without apparent hypoglycaemia symptoms were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Giving out of a leaflet with written norms of self-control. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The averages, standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals of the basal HbA1c and of those at four-monthly check-ups were calculated. Basal 8.07 (CI 7.75 - 8.39); 4th month 6.88 (CI 6.74 - 7.17); 8th month 6.59 CI 6.29 - 6.90); 12th month 6.60 (CI 6.23 - 6.94); 16th month 6.06 (CI 5.63 - 6.49); 20th month 5.40 (CI 3.04 - 7.75). Averages were compared by the Student T test and all values had p < 0.005 against the basal. CONCLUSIONS: Following the written norms produced a clear metabolic improvement, represented by the significant fall of HbA1c. Therefore, though without ignoring the overall context of treatment and diabetes education, it is proposed that the relationship of the most practical features of insulin dosing to written norms of self-control should be emphasised.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗