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PubMed2003

On the usefulness of measures of normal personality for clinical assessment: evidence of the incremental validity of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

As a means of examining the incremental validity of a normal personality measure in the prediction of selected Axis I and II diagnoses, 1,342 inpatient substance abusers completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 (MMPI-2) and were assessed with structured clinical interviews to determine diagnostic status. Results demonstrated that scores from the NEO-PI-R (a) were substantially related to the majority of diagnoses, accounting for between 8% and 26% of the variance in the diagnostic criteria; (b) explained an additional 3% to 8% of the variability beyond 28 selected MMPI-2 scale scores; (c) increased diagnostic classification an additional 7% to 23% beyond MMPI-2 scale scores; and (d) were significantly more useful when examined at the facet trait level than at the domain trait level. Implications for incorporating measures of normal personality into clinical assessment batteries are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A study of patients with spinal disease using Maudsley Personality Inventory.

We administered the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) preoperatively to 303 patients with spinal diseases about to undergo surgery. Patients younger than 20 years, patients previously treated in the Department of Psychiatry, and patients with poor postoperative results were excluded. Patients with N-scores (neuroticism scale) of 39 points or greater or L-scores (lie scale) of 26 points or greater were regarded as "abnormal." Based on clinical definitions we identified 24 "problem patients" during the course and categorized them as "Unsatisfied," "Indecisive," "Doctor shoppers," or "Distrustful." Preoperative MPI categorized 26 patients as abnormal; 22 patients categorized as abnormal became problem patients ( p<0.001). MPI sensitivity and specificity was 84.6% and 99.3%, respectively. Preoperative MPI to patients with spinal disease was found to be useful in detecting problem patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Self-Expansiveness Level Form: examination of its validity and relation to the Neo Personality Inventory--Revised.

This study examined the validity of the Self-expansiveness Level Form of Friedman with particular emphasis on the Transpersonal subscale, a measure of transpersonal self-concept, in terms of its basic psychometric properties and its relation to the NEO Personality Inventory--Revised. Support for the basic psychometric properties of the scale in terms of reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity was obtained; however, support was limited for convergent validity as correlations between scores on the Transpersonal subscale and measures of theoretically related constructs were low. Correlational analyses involving the Self-expansiveness Level Form and NEO Personality Inventory--Revised indicated that Transpersonal scores were not appreciably associated with the NEO Personality Inventory--Revised domains. Moreover, factor analysis of NEO Personality Inventory--Revised facets and Self-expansiveness Level Form items generated a solution in which the two measures contributed to separate factors. Discussion of the implications and limitations of the findings is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Construction of a new personality inventory by means of factor analysis based on Promax rotation].

The purpose of the paper is to construct a personality inventory which measures broader dimensions regarding multiple traits of personality common to normal people by means of extensive use of factor analysis. For the purpose, we prepared 300 items which are supposed to reflect the hypothetical 20 personality traits. Out of the 300 items, 240 items were selected on the basis of means and standard deviations of the items. We applied the oblique Promax rotation method in factor analysis and repeated it several times by changing the number of items and the number of factors. Finally, 12 factors were extracted from the 120 items, in each of which the 10 items having more than 0.4 factor loadings. Basing upon the result, we constructed a new personality inventory consisting of 13 scales (including a lie scale). The constructed scales demonstrated high test-retest reliabilities ranging from 0.880 to 0.950.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Item format and the structure of the Eysenck Personality Inventory: a replication.

A seven-choice response format for personality inventories allows finer distinctions by subjects than the traditional two-choice format. The Eysenck Personality Inventory was employed in the present study to test the hypothesis that use of the expanded format would result in a clearer indication of test structure. A principal components analysis with a varimax rotation retained two components for the two-choice format, clearly identifiable as Eysenck's "Neuroticism" and "Extraversion" which accounted for 16% of the variance. The expanded format retained four components accounting for 28% of the variance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Do response time limitations counteract the effect of faking on personality inventory validity?

Different models of lying on personality scales make discrepant predictions on the association between faking and item response time. The current research investigated response time restriction as a method for reducing the influence of faking on personality scale validity. In 3 assessment simulations involving 540 university undergraduates responding to 2 common, psychometrically strong personality inventories, no evidence emerged to indicate that limiting respondents' answering time can attenuate the effects of faking on validity. Results were interpreted as failing to support a simple model of personality test item response dissimulation that predicts that lying takes time. Findings were consistent with models implying that lying involves primitive cognitive processing or that lying may be associated with complex processing that includes both primitive responding and cognitive overrides.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Schizophreniform conditions in adolescent drug users differentiation possibilities using objective personality inventories].

The authors report on schizophreniform states in juvenile drug consumers. The following psychodiagnostic instruments have been used in this investigation: a list of complaints, a self-estimation scale, a psychosis-depression-neurosis inventory (v. Zerssen), the Freiburg personality inventory (FPI, Fahrenberg, Selg and Hampel). According to clinical-psychopathological data in the course of psychosis, three groups of patients (N = 21) have been formed and defined as schizophrenia-, borderline-, intoxication-psychosis-groups. The report describes the procedure of two discriminant analyses by which the said three groups have been selected. In addition to methods of a cross section approach, the necessity of longitudinal observations is discussed by means of an own clinical example, considering also observations described in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Stability and change in personality assessment: the revised NEO Personality Inventory in the year 2000.

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) consists of 30 facet scales that define the broad domains of the Five-Factor Model of personality. No major revisions of the basic model are anticipated in the near future. Despite their popularity, social desirability and inconsistency scales will not be added to the NEO-PI-R because their validity and utility have not yet been demonstrated. Among possible changes are minor modifications in wording and more extensive adaptations for adolescents and for populations with low reading levels. Contextualized (e.g., work-related) versions of the instrument will be further explored. Many changes are more easily implemented on the computer than the print version of the instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Validation of the psychopathic personality inventory on a female inmate sample.

This investigation evaluated the construct validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996), a self-report measure designed to assess psychopathy. One hundred and two incarcerated females were administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), an oral alcohol and drug screening measure, a demographic interview, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), and the PPI. There were significant correlations among the PPI, MMPI-2 scales, and the PCL-R. In addition, the correlations between the PPI and the separate PCL-R factors were not significantly different from each other, indicating that the PPI is assessing both facets of the psychopathy construct to some extent. A high correlation between the PPI and the DSM-IV criteria, which assesses adult antisocial behaviors, revealed adequate concurrent validity. Nonsignificant or negligible correlations between the PPI and the MMPI-2 scales provided some support for discriminant validity. The results are discussed with respect to the clinical and forensic utility of the PPI, the limitations of the study, and the need for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

MMPI scales for diagnosing acute and chronic PTSD in civilians. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

To develop new Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales for diagnosing acute and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 237 civilians with PTSD or panic disorder (controls) completed the MMPI-R. All 399 items were submitted to chi-square analysis to select those differentiating acute or chronic PTSD from controls. The analyses yielded an MMPI Acute PTSD scale (32 items) and a MMPI Chronic PTSD scale (41 items). Discriminating between acute PTSD and controls, the MMPI Acute PTSD scale had a hit rate of 83% and the MMPI Chronic PTSD scale produced a hit rate of 75% to 80%. Cross-validation produced similar hit rates. These scales scores were not substantially influenced by gender or types of traumatic events, and only the MMPI Acute PTSD scale seemed to not be sensitive to co-morbidity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Narcissistic Personality Inventory factors, splitting, and self-consciousness.

Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Emmons, 1984) factors were correlated with Splitting, Self-Consciousness, Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem. Exploitativeness/Entitlement was largely maladaptive, whereas Leadership/Authority, Superiority/Arrogance, and Self-Absorption/Self-Admiration yielded ambiguous outcomes. Partialing out Exploitativeness/Entitlement uncovered stronger ties of the other factors with adjustment, and controlling for the other three dimensions caused Exploitativeness/Entitlement to appear more pathological. Raskin and Terry (1988) NPI factors and a narcissistic Superiority Scale were similarly affected by partialing, appearing healthier when controlling for "maladaptive" narcissism and more unhealthy when removing the more "adaptive" variance. These data suggest that complex entanglements between adaptive and maladaptive forms of self-love may make it difficult to understand and assess pathological narcissism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Factor structure of the Adolescent Multiphasic Personality Inventory in a psychiatric population.

The factor structure of the Adolescent Multiphasic Personality Inventory (AMPI) in a mental health center psychiatric patient population was examined (N = 70). Principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation yielded four well defined factors, which accounted for 78% of the total variance. These factors can be conceptualized as neurotic, psychotic, characterological, and validity-defensiveness. Results support the construct validity of the AMPI and are discussed in relation to previous psychometric studies of psychopathology that used other objective personality inventories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Stability of scores on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory in an outpatient population.

This paper reports a test-retest study of the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory for 257 boys and girls 7 through 16 yr. of age who were receiving psychological services in a public health facility in an urban area of British Columbia. The obtained reliability coefficients of .7 and .8 place the present findings within the context of data reported for the British standardization sample and support the test author's claims over a 30-day period of relative stability of the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory as a measure of Extraversion and Neuroticism. The support for the test's reliability comes from a rather homogeneous sample of learning and behaviourally disordered children. The usefulness of this inventory for research purposes is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory profiles of depressed adolescents.

The evidence indicates that adolescent depression may be more difficult to recognize than its adult counterpart, although the reasons for this difficulty remain unclear. The research in this area is in part impeded by the lack of adolescent-specific measures of personality functioning. In this study the personality styles, expressed concerns, and behavioral tendencies of depressed adolescents were investigated by means of the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI), a relatively new personality inventory designed specifically for this age group. Three hundred sixty-six high school students completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the MAPI, resulting in 332 valid and reliable MAPI profiles. The data were reduced to two factors, accounting for 65.1% of the total variance, by means of a principal components analysis. The two factors were interpreted as two dimensions of personality functioning associated with depression in adolescents. The first dimension suggested a socially withdrawn, overtly recognizable depression, whereas the second presents acting-out tendencies that may overshadow depressive symptomatology. The findings are integrated with the theoretical positions represented in the literature. Theoretical and practical implications for the use of the MAPI with depressed adolescents are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Structure of personality disorders from the perspective of the Revised Neo Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 Scales.

This study tested the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model of personality as applied to the Personality Adjective Checklist's (Strack, 1987) personality disorder scales. A sample of 258 undergraduates (113 men and 145 women) completed the Personality Adjective Checklist, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Psychopathology-5 Scales for partial course credit. A combined principal axis analysis with varimax rotation was performed for nonoverlapping scales of the Personality Adjective Checklist, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales and the Psychopathology-5 scales. The results indicated four factors which were identified as Neuroticism, Extraversion, Disagreebleness, and Conscientiousness. Openness did not emerge as a separate factor. These results supported the comprehensiveness but not the generality of the five-factor model as applied to personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical reliabilities and validities of the microcomputerized Basic Personality Inventory.

With a population of 64 adult psychiatric patients, we examined the psychometric properties of a microcomputerized version of the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI). Reliability information suggested that the basic and factor scales were internally consistent and stable. Clinical staff ratings were used as criteria, and analyses indicated that BPI scales possessed convergent validity. Overall, our findings add to the growing literature on the clinical utility of the Basic Personality Inventory.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Does the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) predict lumbar laminectomy outcome? A comparison with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Response to surgery for low-back pain is influenced by psychosocial as well as physical factors. However, no psychosocial measure has yet been found to be highly accurate in predicting surgical outcome for individual patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the usefulness of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) in predicting outcome of laminectomy for lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Its use was compared with that of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The influence of several demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables was also investigated. One hundred twenty-seven patients were assessed at an average of 24 months postsurgery. Ninety-three patients had a good outcome, 20 had a fair outcome, and 14 had a poor outcome. The MBHI scales as a group were not associated with surgical outcome.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗