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PubMed1982

Community acceptance of residential programs for developmentally disabled persons.

Deinstitutionalization and the ensuing establishment of residence programs for developmentally disabled persons has stimulated both community support and opposition. The present study considers changes in the levels of community acceptance after residence programs are established, sources of program support and opposition, and strategies used to overcome community opposition. The data are based upon responses to a survey of all community residence programs in New York (n = 459). The findings indicate marked and consistent shifts toward the acceptance of established residence programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Input modes: their importance in the clinical application of electronic aids for disabled persons.

In this study of techniques for the operation of environmental control aids for disabled persons, 12 programmed input modes were investigated in a uniform typing task. A microprocessor-based electronic aid (MECON) developed for this project was operated in 1 mode at a time by the disabled subject using a joystick and/or switch. Fourteen severely handicapped subjects with a wide variety of disabling conditions participated in the investigation. In the results, various input modes were ranked in order of speed. The fit and stability of the transducer were found to be important to the subjects' performance, and there were a number of indications that the availability of multiple input modes for an aid is highly desirable.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Factors related to adaptive behavior changes among profoundly mentally retarded, physically disabled persons.

Changes in adaptive competence over a 1-year period of profoundly mentally retarded, physically disabled persons living in a moderately sized residential facility or in small community programs were examined. No evidence was found to indicate that habilitative growth was greater for residents in the small community programs. Indeed, residents of the moderately sized facility showed evidence of skill acquisition whereas community residents declined slightly in adaptive skill. Within community programs, presence of a relevant goal was positively related to change in independent living skills, and clients with musculoskeletal impairments tended to regress in motor and eating skills. These data suggest that client characteristics and habilitative program content are significant predictors of client growth, and size of the residence is probably not as important for delivery of effective services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

The Health Security Act of 1993 and health care for persons with disabilities.

Persons with disabilities are an important and potentially vulnerable subgroup of the American public. This article discusses both the progress and the promise of health care reform in terms of benefits and impact on persons with physical and/or mental impairments. The author investigates the possibilities implied in the Clinton reform proposals for opportunities to include health promotion, prevention, and early intervention strategies, designed specifically for persons with disabilities. The author also examines the extent to which the reform plan may change the traditional, medically oriented approach to disability.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1985

Computer vocations for severely physically disabled persons: survey results.

Clients with physical disabilities were assessed for their computer skills and other characteristics related to computer vocations. Then a series of surveys were undertaken to determine availability of computer programming jobs for properly trained students, the best training program to suit these jobs, the equipment to train persons with disabilities, and the numbers of qualified applicants to warrant establishment of such a program. Results indicated that while programming is not a good job prospect, terminal operations appear promising, and occupations related to microcomputers warranted further study. The IBM Personal Computer was recommended, and a sufficient interest was demonstrated to establish the program for one year. Training programs in the United States provided a basis for establishment of the training course for trainees with disabilities.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipid metabolism characteristics in disabled persons as a consequence of cerebrovascular diseases].

Lipid metabolism condition in young, mature (till 35 y.o) and elderly disabled persons as a consequence of cerebral diseases has been investigated. It was established that all three groups differ in clinical presentation and various kinds of lipid metabolism abnormalities. It is of great importance as to more thoroughly understand the development of cerebrovascular diseases and plan an individual program of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educational and intervention strategies for improving a shift system: an experience in a disabled persons' facility.

The improvement of an irregular three-shift system with anti-clockwise rotation of workers of a disabled persons' facility covering 42 h a week was a subject for management-labour debate. Workers were complaining of physical fatigue, high prevalence of low back pain, sleep shortages associated with short inter-shift intervals, and irregular holidays. With the co-operation of trade union members, an educational and intervention programme was designed to analyse, plan, and implement improved shift rotation schemes. The programme consisted of (a) a group study on the existing system and effects on health and working life; (b) joint planning of potential schemes; (c) communication and feedback (d) testing and evaluation; and (e) agreement on an improved system. The group study was undertaken by means of time study, questionnaire and physiological methods, and the results were jointly discussed. This led to the planning of alternative shift schemes incorporating more regular, clockwise rotation. It was agreed to stage a trial period with a view to shorter working hours. This experience indicated the importance of a stepwise intervention strategy with frequent dialogues and a participatory process focusing on the broad range of working life and health issues.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1994

Predictors of health-promoting lifestyles in persons with disabilities.

Persons with disabilities have been largely overlooked in investigations of health and health behaviors. The primary purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the usefulness of Pender's (1987) Health Promotion Model in explaining the occurrence of health-promoting behaviors among adults with disabilities. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze questionnaire responses from a sample of 117 adults with disabilities. Adults with disabilities were more likely to engage in a health-promoting lifestyle if they had higher specific self-efficacy for health behaviors, higher general self-efficacy, a wellness-oriented definition of health, required less mechanical assistance, and were female. Findings from this study suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing health promotion behaviors among persons with disabilities would be strengthened by addressing perceived ability to master situations, particularly the ability to successfully carry out health-promoting behaviors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Medical needs of severely developmentally disabled persons residing in the community.

Data on the health needs and utilization of medical services were collected on 27 severely developmentally disabled persons residing in the community in order to make recommendations regarding the development of a network of generic services to meet those needs. A surprisingly low incidence of acute illness and emergencies was found, contradicting previous authors' assertions that such a population has excessive medical needs and therefore cannot be served in the community. On the contrary, community placement proved to be advantageous to this group, as they gained access to specialty medical services that were previously unavailable to them as residents of a large public facility.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The International Year of Disabled Persons: a physically handicapped person's retrospective and outlook (author's transl)].

Neither in the Federal Republic of Germany has the 1981 International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) brought about what quite a few disabled people had expected it to. It could not possibly have done so. The problems of people with disabilities are so complex that one year alone is not enough to make society aware of all of them, not to speak of sensitising the disabled and the able-bodied towards getting on well with one another, to achieve which would improve the life situation of disabled people to an appreciable extent. Yet something good has come about, though perhaps not in terms of "measurable effect", namely an increased consideration for people with disabilities on the part of the able-bodied. And this is essential to the future of the disabled population. Beyond New Year's Eve 1981, it is up to the disabled (and many of them are in a position to do so) to keep alive the many initiatives and issues raised by IYDP, and to see to their continued discussion.

Communication↗
PubMed1980

Community-based and college-based needs assessment of physically disabled persons.

A descriptive survey was conducted to determine the self-perceived needs of physically disabled persons as a preliminary step toward establishing or designing a knowledge base for occupational therapy intervention at a community college. Demographic and needs data were statistically compared with those from a sample of nondisabled college students. Significant differences in the confidence to perform congnitive/problem-solving, social/recreational, school/vocational, home and community mobility skills were found, with the disabled reporting lowered or less confidence. Confidence in performing basic activities of daily living was the only area in which the difference was not significant. No significant differences were obtained in general interests except that a higher frequency of disabled reported not wanting to participate in sports. The greatest amounts of interest were in crafts/fine arts and in social/recreational activities. Implications were drawn for occupational therapy programming to improve confidence in independent living skills by using the subjects' predominant interests.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Effect of occupational therapy intervention on bathing independence of disabled persons.

This study was done to demonstrate whether or not occupational therapy intervention increases bathing independence for disabled persons. The bathing section of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale was administered to 19 physically disabled subjects before and after bathing training was completed by occupational therapists. All 19 subjects showed improvement in their ability to bathe themselves.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Independent travel for developmentally disabled persons: a comprehensive model of instruction.

Independence and self-determination are long established goals for developmentally disabled persons. Some aspects of independence depend upon the ability to to gain access to resources in the local community. As a result, the acquisition of independent travel skills has received much attention over the years. However, most attempts to teach travel skills to this population have been limited in scope. This paper advocates a more comprehensive approach based upon the principles used to teach orientation and mobility to blind and visually impaired people.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1984

Trainee attitudes toward disabled persons: effect of a special physical education program.

The effects of a university level training program in Special Physical Education on trainee attitudes toward disabled individuals were studied for the period of an academic year under three conditions: Information only (I group), Contact only (C group) and Information plus Contact (IC group). Complete pretest and posttest data on the Siller General Factor Disability Scale (DFS-G) were collected from a combined sample of 81 men and women subjects aged from 18-45+ years. Descriptive analyses revealed significant interactions between specific dimensions of the DFS-G and variables such as age, previous experience with disabled persons and educational status. Analyses of variance failed to uncover statistically significant posttest differences among the groups. Of the individual training conditions, IC impacted most positively on within-group attitude change. More unexpected was the significant pretest to posttest attitude score gains of the I group on four of the seven subscales, superior to those of the C group. Whereas attitude measurements do not establish discrete positive-negative parameters, it is unclear whether some attitude dimensions tend to plateau at positive levels or are inherently more implacable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Characteristics of New York's community residences for developmentally disabled persons.

A statewide survey of New York's community residences for developmentally disabled persons was conducted in which program auspice, history and affiliation, physical structure, community relations, residence staff, and occupant characteristics were examined. The results revealed a diverse system, with certain characteristics similar to those reported in previous national community residence surveys. Principal differences between the statewide data and the national surveys related to residence auspice, size, and staff demographics. These differences are explained as a function of both survey sampling strategies and program differences. Implications of the data are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Public awareness of physically disabled persons.

Promoting public awareness that disabled people can function independently within society is seen by many as a necessary precursor to widespread changes in accessibility, housing, and social and economic opportunities for physically disabled people. The goal of the present investigation was to empirically assess the effectiveness of a major Canadian publicity campaign which was designed to sensitize people to the needs and concerns of physically disabled people and to promote favorable attitude change. Results indicate that while the visibility of the publicity campaign can be considered a modest success, the campaign was ineffective in promoting positive attitude change. The implications of the findings for the integration of disabled people into the larger community are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic jurisprudence and the civil rights of institutionalized mentally disabled persons: hopeless oxymoron or path to redemption?

This article examines, from a therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) perspective, the rights of institutionalized mentally disabled persons to determine whether TJ is compatible with positions advancing civil rights and liberties, and whether lawyers for such individuals should look more closely to TJ as a source of rights. It concludes (a) that despite harsh criticisms of mental disability law reform, most of the important decisions in the areas of involuntary civil commitment, right to treatment, and right to refuse treatment law have a strong TJ component and (b) that TJ analyses may be the appropriate tool to reinvigorate this area of mental disability law.

Civil Rights↗