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Results for “Persons with Visual Disabilities”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The views and attitudes of parents of children with a sensory impairment towards orthodontic care.

A questionnaire was sent to the parents of 77 visually impaired (VI), 210 hearing impaired (HI) and 494 control children seeking their views on their child's dental appearance, orthodontic treatment need and issues that might influence the child undertaking treatment. The parents' views were compared with a dentist's assessment of treatment need using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). There was disagreement between the dentist's assessment and the parents' perceptions in all groups. However, the least disagreement was seen in the HI group. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) association between control and HI parents' views of their children's treatment needs and their opinion on their dental appearance. Most parents thought that orthodontic treatment was difficult to obtain and expensive and that their child would find difficulty coping with the treatment. Furthermore, parents of VI children considered that treatment was unlikely to be undertaken due to their child's reduced concern for their appearance. The study indicates that the awareness of treatment need for VI and HI children differs between their parents and dentists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Monitoring the environment: sound localization equipment for deaf-blind people.

The problems that deaf-blind subjects have with monitoring the environment and the strategies they use were identified using structured interviews. The use of the vibratory sense did not appear to be highly developed, but some individuals indicated that it has great potential. We describe here the design of a computerized laboratory device for sound localization, based on a three-microphone system with a cross correlation algorithm. It was found to have reasonable precision and sufficient reliability to allow the detection and localization of a person approaching a deaf-blind subject in an ordinary room. The next step is to miniaturize the equipment and build a portable prototype.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Interaction between the teacher and the congenitally deafblind child.

Empirical data on the development of interaction, communication, and language in deafblind children is very rare. To fill this gap, a case study was conducted in which the interaction between a teacher and a deafblind boy age 3 years 4 months was analyzed. Sequential analysis of their interaction confirmed some general clinical impressions about interaction with deafblind children, and provided the basis for suggestions on how the interaction pattern might be changed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Pattern of disabilities in a residential school for the handicapped in Ilorin, Nigeria.

As part of a wider study aimed at establishing baseline information (for planning purposes), the pattern of disabilities in a Residential School for the handicap was determined. Information on demographic data, nature of handicap, age of enrollment, present class and length of stay in the school were obtained. The study involved 82 pupils (28 females) aged 5-30 years (mean 16.9 + 5.08 years). Seventy nine percent (65) were deaf, 13.6%(11) blind and 6.2% (5) had mental retardation. The mean age of enrollment was 10.6 + 4.12 years. Only two (2.5%) of the pupils/students stayed in the school beyond the regulation time. These findings show that deafness was the commonest disability and strongly suggest that none of the disabilities observed had major impact on learning ability in this school system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Costs of individuals with disabilities and the elderly in Pennsylvania.

In 2000, an estimated 4,420 children (33 per 1,000 births) were born with a disability in Pennsylvania. In addition, more than 1.8 million Medicare enrollees (age 65 and older) were residents of the state. Selected estimated costs were developed for these two populations at state and county levels.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Improvement of oral health knowledge in a group of visually impaired students.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a repeated oral health education programme on oral health knowledge and hygiene of visually impaired students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at one of the two visually impaired boarding schools of Istanbul, Turkey. The number of subjects was 65, comprising 28 totally and 37 partially visually impaired students between 7 and 17 years of age. A 24-item verbal questionnaire was developed to record their general health, impairment, the socio-economic profile and education level of their parents, oral health knowledge, sources of information about oral health, awareness of sugar in-take/caries risk, frequency of dental check-ups and oral hygiene habits, as well as any difficulties they experienced thereby. They were given individual training on oral care three times with two-month intervals within the nine-month framework of the programme. To measure the oral hygiene status, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores were recorded of all teeth at four sites throughout the sessions. After completion of the programme, the oral health knowledge of the students was evaluated using the same questionnaire to determine the effectiveness of the programme. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were found at the level of oral health knowledge and oral hygiene status both in totally and partially visually impaired students at the end of the study (p < 0.001) as compared with at the beginning. No significant difference was found between the knowledge of totally visually impaired and partially visually impaired students. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that with an appropriate programme, the oral health knowledge of visually impaired students could be improved. This programme, if conducted on a one-to-one basis, ensures clinical and statistical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of handicapped individuals in South Canara, India.

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence and the severity of malocclusion and treatment need for 329 handicapped individuals. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 329 handicapped individuals aged 11-30 years, attending eight different nonresidential special schools of South Canara, India. METHOD: Examination and recording using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). RESULTS: 53% had a dental appearance which required no orthodontic treatment, 24% had a definite malocclusion, where treatment was 'elective' and treatment for a further 12% was considered to be 'highly desirable'. The remaining subjects (11%) had a handicapping malocclusion where treatment was considered mandatory. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of definite and severe malocclusions was higher in the mentally subnormal individuals when compared to other handicapping conditions. Orthodontic services for the handicapped have generally been neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effect of rehabilitation service use on coping patterns over time among older adults with age-related vision loss.

OBJECTIVE: To enhance our understanding of coping and rehabilitation in the context of adaptation to disability by examining how coping may change over a two-year time period, and how different vision rehabilitation services may affect coping over time. DESIGN: Longitudinal two-wave study (baseline and two-year follow-up). SETTING: Vision rehabilitation agency. SUBJECTS: Older adults with visual impairment. METHOD: In-person interviews using structured assessments of functional vision loss and functional disability, rehabilitation service use and coping strategies. RESULTS: Ninety-five people participated in both study waves. Findings showed change in patterns of coping over the two-year period of the study, as participants adjusted to living with age-related vision loss. Although instrumental coping was the only coping mode with evidence for average change (a decrease), affective and escape/distraction strategies showed individual variation in change over time. Rehabilitation use explained variance in coping at time 2 over and above impairment status and coping at time 1. Those who used a greater number of assistive aids between time points were likely to report more instrumental coping at time 2, and those who used counselling between time points were likely to report more affective coping at the two-year follow-up. Finally, those who used more optical aids were likely to report more escape/distraction coping at time 2, whereas those who saw a low vision specialist tended to report less of this type of coping over time. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that rehabilitation interventions can affect coping patterns over time, and that direction and magnitude of such an effect may depend on the type of rehabilitation received.

Adaptation, Psychological↗