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Results for “Physical Functional Performance”

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PubMed1977

Tests of auditory perception in the assessment and management of patients with cerebral cranial injury.

Special listening tests have been applied to patients with cerebral cranial injury to determine whether such tests of auditory performance will provide functional evidence of lesions which are difficult to examine physically. There have been many reports in the literature on the apparent relationship between lesions affecting portions of the central auditory nervous system and results on tests of auditory perception for speech which is either distorted in some way or presented in competing arrangements to the two ears. The premise is that these tests require integrative function of the brain while reducing the effects of conditions of the peripheral organ of hearing and of basic language functions such as symbolization and memorization. Much of the previous literature has been concerned with infiltrative lesions, such as tumors. Our rehabilitation facility serves a number of patients whose lesions are the result of injuries rather than growths or vascular accidents. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to explore the contribution of information derived from such test procedures to diagnosis and to the planning of individual programs of rehabilitation. Preliminary findings are presented for a series of patients with cerebral cranial injury.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1992

[Evaluation of physical fitness and exercise performance in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema].

Physical fitness was studied in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema using Kraus-Weber methods in addition to pulmonary function and exercise tolerance. In Kraus-Weber tests, explosive strength of abdominal muscles in these patients were within the normal range, but both abdominal and back muscle endurance were significantly diminished compared to age-matched controls. On the other hand, flexibility was not different between the patients and the controls, although large variation was present. Exercise performance as assessed by 6 minutes' walk distance in patients was significantly correlated with FEV1.0, DLco and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, as well as explosive strength of abdominal muscles and abdominal and back muscle endurance capacity. Treadmill walking training for 20 minutes with a load greater than 80% VO2max, twice a week for 2 months was performed in 11 patients with mild to moderate pulmonary emphysema. Six minutes' walk distance (6MD) was significantly prolonged with improvement of back muscle endurance and flexibility. Another walking training consisting of five repetitions of two minutes' near maximal walking and a two minute interval of rest was performed in 6 patients with severe pulmonary emphysema. 6MD tended to increase with improvement of both back and abdominal muscle endurance. However, pulmonary function tests and VO2max showed no significant changes after both types of training. Improved walked distance after the training was significantly correlated with improved VO2 at AT. Furthermore VO2, VE, HR and lactate production during exercise at the same load were significantly decreased compared to pre-training. Dyspnea sensation measured by modified Borg scale during exercise was improved after the training. It is concluded that a physical training program adapted to the condition of the individual patients could improve exercise performance, and should be prescribed in addition to medication.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

[Analysis of recording of cardiac rhythm and myocardial function after exercise test].

A continuous telemetric registration of the cardiac contraction rate was made in 534 persons performing various physical exertions. The ensuing epxerimental graphs of changes in the rhythm obtained under the effect of physical loads are described by mathematical formulas. Three types of changes in the rhythm in effort have been established, viz. linear, exponential and logarithmic. To determine cardiac function quantitative coefficients, reflecting the rate of the cardiac rhythm coming up to the working level and relationship between the areas of the steady state cardiac contractions frequency phase and that of its rapid increment, are proposed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Regional ventricular function at rest during exercise before and after bypass surgery (author's transl)].

In 9 patients with coronary heart disease isovolumetric contractility indices and ejection phase parameters were measured simultaneously, using an angiographic catheter with a manometer at the tip (Millar). Regional wall motion at rest, after leg raising and during physical exercise (bicycle ergometer) was analyzed applying the hemiaxis method. Five weeks after aortocoronary bypass surgery the same examinations were repeated. Preoperatively left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased from 21 to 37 mm Hg following leg raising. The velocity mean of fiber shortening (Vcf) and of regional fiber shortening in the anterior wall decreased significantly.--All patients discontinued physical exercise due to angina pectoris. LVEDP increased from 21 to 39 mm Hg. Large hypokinetic and akinetic areas developed especially in the anterior wall. Velocity of fiber shortening of the anterior wall decreased from 1.43 to 0.76/s. Enddiastolic volume remained unchanged while endsystolic volume increased significantly. In six patients with patent grafts surgery had a beneficial effect. Comparing angiograms at rest no significant changes were found. After leg raising and physical exercise, however, marked improvement in ventricular function occurred, compared to the preoperative performance. All 6 patients were exercised without complaints at a load of 100 watts for 8 minutes. Velocity of fiber shortening in the anterior wall increased significantly from 0.76 to 2.56/s, mean Vcf from 1.11 to 2.12 circ/s, max dP/dt from 2302 to 4280 mm Hg/s and Vpm from 27.8 to 55.7/s. Functional improvement in individual wall segments amounted to 500% in the mean. Ejection fraction increased from 54 to 76%. Enddiastolic volume remained unchanged while endsystolic volume decreased from 67 to 33 ml/1.37 m2 (p less than 0.002). In three patients the bypass occluded or myocardial infarction occurred intraoperatively. Postoperative findings at rest and during exercise were unchanged as compared to preoperative values. Following successful bypass surgery ventricular function at rest did not change. During exercise, however, a marked improvement in overall and in regional ventricular function was found.

Angiocardiography↗

PubMed1992

Influence of acupuncture on physical performance capacity and haemodynamic parameters.

In a single blind study the question as to whether the needling of specific acupuncture points is able to produce an increase in physical performance capacity and better regulation of heart rate and blood pressure was examined. Thirty-six healthy young men were assigned at random to three groups, receiving either actual acupuncture, placebo acupuncture or no stimulation. Performance was determined by means of a spiro-ergometer test which was carried out at the beginning and at the end of five weeks of treatment consisting of one session per week. The subjects from the group which actually received acupuncture were able to increase maximum performance capacity significantly and also physical performance at the anaerobic threshold. This may be interpreted as a sign of functional improvement in haemodynamic and metabolic mechanisms. There was, on the whole, no noticeable effect produced by the placebo acupuncture. The control group, which received no stimulation, showed unfavourable changes in the values obtained compared with the results of the performance test at the commencement of the study.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed1975

[Early diagnosis of lung cancer].

268 patients with suspected lung cancer were examined over the period 1 January 1972 to 31 May 1974. On the basis of the 735 investigations performed, a 6-8 h workup program has been established including physical and functional examination, standard X-rays and hilar tomography, endoscopy and biopsy for cytologic or histologic study. Several biopsy technics are described and their indications tabulated according to their efficiency in relation to the radiologic aspect of the lesion. The number of cases and the yield for each technic are summarized in Table 2.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2026

Effects of digital health-based exercise interventions on older adults with sarcopenia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, impairs independence in older adults. Digital health exercise interventions are scalable solutions for older adults with sarcopenia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on their efficacy in populations with clinically diagnosed sarcopenia and identify influential intervention characteristics associated with treatment outcomes. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, and Wanfang on May 20, 2026, with no date restrictions. We included randomized controlled trials involving adults aged ≥60 with sarcopenia receiving digital exercise interventions. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias; analyses were performed using R and Review Manager. RESULTS: Fourteen trials (n = 927) were included. Digital interventions showed potential improvements in muscle mass (MD = 0.25, 95%CI:0.03-0.46, 95% PI:-0.36 to 0.85), muscle strength (MD = 2.14, 95% CI:1.18-3.11, P < 0.001), balance ability (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI:0.12-0.51, P = 0.001), walking performance (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI:0.21-0.89, 95% PI:-0.70 to 1.79), and physical function (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI:0.08-1.71, 95% PI:-2.33 to 4.12), but not quality of life (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI:-0.19 to 0.35, P = 0.53). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that factors such as supervision, program duration, and measurement tools may influence outcomes; however, formal tests for subgroup differences were generally non-significant, and consistent patterns across all metrics were not observed. CONCLUSION: Digital exercise interventions show potential for managing sarcopenia in older adults, though the very low to moderate certainty of evidence indicates that true effects may differ substantially from observed estimates. This review explores potential roles of intervention design, supervision, and multimodal delivery. Future research should adopt rigorous designs and longer follow-up to validate results and enhance clinical application. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD420251135174.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neurosurgical intervention during resistant phase of motor development of cerebral palsied.

Positive neurological phenomena of cerebral palsied, especially spasticity are best relieved by neurosurgical procedures. But the procedures are indicated only in those cases who have developed resistance to nonsurgical therapies, especially rehabilitative therapy. However, surgical procedure cannot teach a child how to perform motor functions. Therefore, rehabilitative therapy plays immense role in development of motor functions which can be improved best during the physical developmental and learning ability age of the child. Therefore, it is recommended to start neurodevelopmental therapy at a few weeks age of the child, and perform the neurosurgical procedure as soon as the child develops resistance to the therapy. The child has to resume back to therapy following the surgery for further motor development. There are various neurosurgical procedures for the relief of positive neurological phenomena. The present article includes brief description of the procedures and review of the literature. The authors feel that the selective posterior rhizotomy is perhaps the best procedure among all other ablative procedures for the relief of diffuse spasticity of both the lower limbs in strictly selected cases.

Cerebral Palsy↗

PubMed1975

Cardiac evaluation of a physical rehabilitation program for patients with ischemic heart disease.

A reconditioning exercise program that was applied to group of 12 coronary patients resulted in an increase of their tolerance to physical work and of their maximal working capacity. In some instances the improvement in physical condition was accompanied by changes in indicators of cardiac function which suggest that an improvement in myocardial performance also occurred. Although some evidence of this has been presented, more studies are needed for substantiation. It is believed, on the other hand, that to explain the improvement of the patient, it is not necessary to invoke an improvement of myocardial performance. An improvement of patient's tolerance to physical work may also be explained by extracardiac mechanisms that produce changes in arterial peripheral resistance, regional blood flow distribution, overall mechanical efficiency, muscle capillarization, fiber size and mitochondrial enzymatic activity, patterns of sweating, adaptation between pulmonary ventilation and circulation, work of breathing efficiency, autonomic nervous system balance and in the adaptive responses of the neuroendocrine system which mediate between psychic and physiological behavior. All of these changes have been observed in healthy individuals submitted to physical training. It is plausible to assume that they may also occur in the patient with ischemic heart disease. What is to be shown is which one or which ones of these mechanisms prevail in a given individual.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenaline, arousal and sport.

In general, the literautre review provides theoretical explanations for the popular, common-sense belief that a little stress improves performance, whereas when stress becomes severe, performance declines and ultimately breaks down. In terms of psychological stress (as opposed to physiological) the single most important variable appears to be the subject's interpretation of the stress-producing stimuli. Increases in adrenaline and noradrenaline accompany a variety of emotional responses, but differential proportions are not seen as characterizing the various emotions. Noradrenaline secretion appears to be related to physiological stress, or the amount of work attempted by the organism. Adrenaline secretion seems to be more-directly related to mental stress and emotional response. As emotional involvement increases, adrenal medullary secretion of adrenaline increases. The accompanying physiological and metabolic responses faciltate performance to a point; however, extremely high levels of arousal may adversely affect the athlete's proficiency. This is expecially true of sport skills requiring steadiness, precision, and concentration. Finally, for the sake of perspective, it should be stated that any contribution or complication created by the catecholamines is minimal when the entire ability range of competitors is considered. Whereas near superhuman feats by ordinary individuals caught in life-threatening situations have been reported, variations of great magnitude are unlikely in sport. The average individual is not transformed into a world class athlete merely by "getting the adrenaline flowing." Among athletes of similar physical stature and physiological function, however, adrenaline and arousal may certainly tip the scale of performance in sport.

Arousal↗

PubMed1978

Functional disability of geriatric patients in a family medicine program: implications for patient care, education, and research.

While the elderly comprise a large proportion of patients seen in ambulatory care settings, characteristics of these patients have not been well documented. This paper summarizes results of a survey of functional impairment of elderly patients seen in a family medicine center. Assessments were performed in the areas of social and economic resources, mental health, physical health, and the ability to perform routine activities needed for independent living. Results of the survey suggest that family physicians need to know how to perform a multidimensional functional assessment in order to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan for elderly patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1976

Physiological effects of passive exercise on cardiorespiratory function.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive exercise as performed by physical therapists on the cardiac and respiratory systems. Seventeen normal subjects were positioned supine on a treatment table where they received passive range-of-motion exercise manually of most joints of the right upper extremity for ten repetitions. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and tidal lung volume were recorded before and immediately after the exercise. The results of the study showed no significant difference between measured values.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Cardiodynamic characteristics of chronic coronary insufficiency patients at medical rehabilitation stages using therapeutic physical exercise measures].

The functional condition of the cardiovascular system was studied in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency in various stages of rehabilitation employing measures of remedial gymnastics with the elaboration of criteria for substaintiating the broadening of the movement regimen. Sixty patients suffering from ischemic heart disease marked by the clinical picture of chronic coronary insufficiency and 25 persons forming a control group were examined Polycardiography, aortic and arterial rheocardiography, and tele-electrocardiography were used. A follow-up of the functional condition of the cardiovascular system makes it possible to detect signs of the development of its reserve possibilities under the effect of long-term remedial gymnastics. Favourable shifts in the functional ability of the cardiovascular system may be only produced after long-term (12 months) remedial gymnastics performed regularly and with sufficient physical exertion, including walking and running.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1977

Stability of phage T4 lysozymes. I. Native properties and thermal stability of wild type and two mutant lysozymes.

Two mutants of phage T4 lysozyme were prepared and characterized. One mutation substituted a tyrosine residue for tryptophan at position 138. The other substituted tyrosines at all three tryptophan positions of the wild type molecule (126, 138, 158). Comparative studies of the physical properties (absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism) of the three enzymes were performed as a function of pH. Also, the proteins were reversibly melted as a function of pH. Since the unfolding reaction appeared to be a two-state process for all these proteins, the data were analyzed by the van 't Hoff procedure. The changes in stability and activity produced by substitution of Trp 138 were especially significant. The other substitutions were neutral. See the end of the paper for a summary of conclusions. In the appendix the appropriate thermodynamic relations are developed for a constant deltaCp transition.

Circular Dichroism↗

PubMed1977

The utilisation of physical facilities: the message is "function".

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Physician and sports].

The main objective of physical activity should be to achieve the best possible level of physical fitness and thereby psychic wellbeing. This important objective in preventive medicine may be obtained by a well balanced leisure sport program. On the other hand, due to its high demands, modern competition sport or elite sport increasingly results in severe organic damages and therefore therapeutic measures are of more importance. The physician has important functions both in prevention and therapy in all aspects of physical activity. Unfortunately, in Switzerland he is ofter insufficiantly prepared to deal with these functions. Most of the requirements for manipulation of performance that the physician is confronted with are questionable and not compatible with the medical ethics.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

Oscillatory mechanics of the respiratory system in neuromuscular disease.

Respiratory impedance measurements by means of the technique of forced oscillations together with spirometry and measurements of maximal mouth pressures were performed in 27 patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders to assess the value of adding respiratory impedance measurements in the evaluation of lung function in neuromuscular disease. Using the technique of forced oscillations, impedance measurements are easily performed in physically disabled persons, since they require little active cooperation and no forced respiratory maneuvers. Normal respiratory impedance characteristics were found, although resistance values were somewhat higher than those found in normal subjects, signifying the absence of airflow limitation. Spirometric values were markedly reduced, as were maximal mouth pressures. No significant correlations were found between the forced expiratory volumes in 1 s (FEV1) and the impedance data. A strong curvilinear relationship was observed between Pemax and the RV/TLC ratio and a strong correlation existed between FEV1 and Premax. It is concluded from our study that forced oscillometry is a useful tool for the assessment or exclusion of airflow obstruction in patients with neuromuscular disorders when plethysmography is difficult to perform and forced expiratory flow-volume data reflect muscle weakness rather than airflow limitation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2022

Improving risk indexes for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias for use in midlife.

Knowledge of a person's risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) is required to triage candidates for preventive interventions, surveillance, and treatment trials. ADRD risk indexes exist for this purpose, but each includes only a subset of known risk factors. Information missing from published indexes could improve risk prediction. In the Dunedin Study of a population-representative New Zealand-based birth cohort followed to midlife (N = 938, 49.5% female), we compared associations of four leading risk indexes with midlife antecedents of ADRD against a novel benchmark index comprised of nearly all known ADRD risk factors, the Dunedin ADRD Risk Benchmark (DunedinARB). Existing indexes included the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia index (CAIDE), LIfestyle for BRAin health index (LIBRA), Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), and risks selected by the Lancet Commission on Dementia. The Dunedin benchmark was comprised of 48 separate indicators of risk organized into 10 conceptually distinct risk domains. Midlife antecedents of ADRD treated as outcome measures included age-45 measures of brain structural integrity [magnetic resonance imaging-assessed: (i) machine-learning-algorithm-estimated brain age, (ii) log-transformed volume of white matter hyperintensities, and (iii) mean grey matter volume of the hippocampus] and measures of brain functional integrity [(i) objective cognitive function assessed via the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, (ii) subjective problems in everyday cognitive function, and (iii) objective cognitive decline measured as residualized change in cognitive scores from childhood to midlife on matched Weschler Intelligence scales]. All indexes were quantitatively distributed and proved informative about midlife antecedents of ADRD, including algorithm-estimated brain age (β's from 0.16 to 0.22), white matter hyperintensities volume (β's from 0.16 to 0.19), hippocampal volume (β's from -0.08 to -0.11), tested cognitive deficits (β's from -0.36 to -0.49), everyday cognitive problems (β's from 0.14 to 0.38), and longitudinal cognitive decline (β's from -0.18 to -0.26). Existing indexes compared favourably to the comprehensive benchmark in their association with the brain structural integrity measures but were outperformed in their association with the functional integrity measures, particularly subjective cognitive problems and tested cognitive decline. Results indicated that existing indexes could be improved with targeted additions, particularly of measures assessing socioeconomic status, physical and sensory function, epigenetic aging, and subjective overall health. Existing premorbid ADRD risk indexes perform well in identifying linear gradients of risk among members of the general population at midlife, even when they include only a small subset of potential risk factors. They could be improved, however, with targeted additions to more holistically capture the different facets of risk for this multiply determined, age-related disease.

Alzheimer’s disease↗