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Results for “Probiotic intervention”

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PubMed2001

Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019.

BACKGROUND: The aging process can lead to a decline in cellular immunity. Therefore, the elderly could benefit from safe and effective interventions that restore cellular immune functions. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether dietary supplementation with the known immunostimulating probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 could enhance aspects of cellular immunity in elderly subjects. DESIGN: Thirty healthy elderly volunteers (age range: 63-84 y; median: 69 y) participated in a 3-stage dietary supplementation trial lasting 9 wk. During stage 1 (run-in), subjects consumed low-fat milk (200 mL twice daily for 3 wk) as a base-diet control. During stage 2 (intervention), they consumed milk supplemented with B. lactis HN019 in a typical dose (5 x 10(10) organisms/d) or a low dose (5 x 10(9) organisms/d) for 3 wk. During stage 3 (washout), they consumed low-fat milk for 3 wk. Changes in the relative proportions of leukocyte subsets and ex vivo leukocyte phagocytic and tumor-cell-killing activity were determined longitudinally by assaying peripheral blood samples. RESULTS: Increases in the proportions of total, helper (CD4(+)), and activated (CD25(+)) T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were measured in the subjects' blood after consumption of B. lactis HN019. The ex vivo phagocytic capacity of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes and the tumoricidal activity of natural killer cells were also elevated after B. lactis HN019 consumption. The greatest changes in immunity were found in subjects who had poor pretreatment immune responses. In general, the 2 doses of B. lactis HN019 had similar effectiveness. CONCLUSION: B. lactis HN019 could be an effective probiotic dietary supplement for enhancing some aspects of cellular immunity in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Heterogeneous shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and its implications for control.

Identification of the relative importance of within- and between-host variability in infectiousness and the impact of these heterogeneities on the transmission dynamics of infectious agents can enable efficient targeting of control measures. Cattle, a major reservoir host for the zoonotic pathogen Escherichia coli O157, are known to exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in bacterial shedding densities. By relating bacterial count to infectiousness and fitting dynamic epidemiological models to prevalence data from a cross-sectional survey of cattle farms in Scotland, we identify a robust pattern: approximately 80% of the transmission arises from the 20% most infectious individuals. We examine potential control options under a range of assumptions about within- and between-host variability in infection dynamics. Our results show that the within-herd basic reproduction ratio, R(0), could be reduced to <1 with targeted measures aimed at preventing infection in the 5% of individuals with the highest overall infectiousness. Alternatively, interventions such as vaccination or the use of probiotics that aim to reduce bacterial carriage could produce dramatic reductions in R(0) by preventing carriage at concentrations corresponding to the top few percent of the observed range of counts. We conclude that a greater understanding of the cause of the heterogeneity in bacterial carriage could lead to highly efficient control measures to reduce the prevalence of E. coli O157.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection.

The bacterial composition of human faeces can vary greatly with factors such as age and disease, although relatively few studies have monitored these events, particularly at species level. In this investigation, bacteria were isolated from faecal samples from healthy young adults and elderly subjects, and elderly patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). The organisms were identified to species level on the basis of their cellular fatty acid profiles with the MIDI system. In some groups of bacteria, species diversity was found to change with age despite the overall numbers of organisms being similar at genus level. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus and Prevotella tannerae were common gram-negative anaerobes isolated from young adults. Bacteroides species diversity increased in the faeces of healthy elderly people. Bifidobacterial species diversity decreased with age, with Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bif. angulatum being the most common isolates. CDAD patients were characterised by greater diversity of facultative species, lactobacilli and clostridia, but greatly reduced numbers of bacteroides, prevotella and bifidobacteria. Such bacterial population changes in the normal microbiota could result in metabolic conditions favourable for the establishment of pathogenic micro-organisms, such as clostridia, and would have considerable effects on the biochemical capacity of the large intestine as a whole. Alterations in the community structure of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have relevance for dietary and therapeutic interventions such as the use of pre- or probiotics that aim to modify the composition or metabolic activities of the intestinal microflora in a beneficial way, particularly in elderly people or individuals at risk of CDAD.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. A review based on current evidence].

INTRODUCTION: Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial. Recent investigations have associated episodes of infectious gastroenteritis with development of IBS. This condition is named post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS). The role of inflammation-infection in IBS pathogenesis is not well understood. AIM: To review published scientific evidence on PI-IBS regarding risk factors, causal agents, histopathological changes, and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search in MEDLINE and abstracts presented at national and international GI meetings was performed, looking for information published in the past 50 years including animal studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, and series of cases and case reports, using the key words post-infectious enteritis, post-dysenteric or post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and post-infectious colitis. RESULTS: Fifty one papers were included. These studies were classified according to pathophysiologic mechanisms, infectious agents involved, animal or human studies, and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence shows a strong association between colonic infection and inflammation with development of IBS. Approximately 25% of patients with IBS have a history of infectious enteritis. Microbial agents related with PI-IBS include bacteria (Campylobacter, Salmonella) and parasites (Trichinella spiralis). Increased number of enteroendocrine cells, CD3 lymphocytes and mast cells within the colonic muscle wall, release of pro-inflammatory substances, and increased number of inflammatory cells with intestinal nervous endings are the most common histopathologic findings. Patients developing PI-IBS have a higher frequency of psychological disorders and stressful events prior to the gastroenteritis episode. Therapeutic interventions with steroids, COX-2 inhibitors, antibiotics and probiotics require further investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Effect of a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria plus vitamins and minerals on common cold infections and cellular immune parameters.

OBJECTIVE: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was carried out in order to investigate whether consumption of a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria plus vitamins and minerals over a period of at least three months in winter/spring affects the duration, frequency, and severity of symptoms of naturally acquired common cold infections as well as cellular immune parameters. METHODS: 477 healthy men and women (aged 36 +/- 13, mean +/- SD) who had not been vaccinated against influenza were randomly assigned to a group who received daily the probiotic multivitamin and mineral supplement (verum) or a placebo, for three (n = 239) or for 5.5 months (n = 238). Cellular immune response was determined in 60 participants per study group by flow cytometry before and after 14 days of supplementation. RESULTS: The incidence of respiratory tract infections regarded as being virally induced was 13.6% lower in the verum group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.07). During respiratory tract infection episodes, the subjects recorded common cold and influenza-like symptoms daily. All symptoms were reduced in the verum group. We found a relative reduction of 19% in the total symptom score (p = 0.12), 25% in influenza symptoms (p = 0.09), and 54% in the number of days with fever (p = 0.03). The duration of these infections was not affected. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, in particular T-lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as monocytes were significantly higher increased in the verum group, during the first 14 days of supplementation compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the intake of a dietary supplement containing probiotic bacteria plus vitamins and minerals during a period of at least three months in winter/spring may reduce the incidence and the severity of symptoms in common cold infections in otherwise healthy adults. This may be due to stimulated cellular immunity.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The SYNCAN project: goals, set-up, first results and settings of the human intervention study.

Experimental evidence on the anticancer properties of dietary prebiotics such as chicory inulin and oligofructose and dietary probiotics has accumulated in recent years. Various experimental models ranging from chemoprevention studies, tumour implantation models to genetically modified mice models, etc. have systematically shown the protective effects of these food ingredients. In some studies it appeared that synbiotics (combination of pre- and probiotics) exerted synergistic activity against processes of carcinogenesis. The logical next step in research was to find out if these observations also would be valid for human volunteers. This was the principal goal of the EU-sponsored SYNCAN project (QLK1-1999-346) which involved the integration of an in vitro study to select the most suitable synbiotic preparation, the application of this synbiotic in an in vivo rat model of chemically induced colon cancer, and, as the heart of the project, the investigation of the synbiotic effects in a human intervention study. The in vitro tests consisted of fermentation studies where the interaction of pre- and probiotics was studied. Cell-free supernatants were generated from various synbiotic combinations fermented by faecal slurry, which were then used to optimise a series of bioassays. In the rat study the anticarcinogenic effect of prebiotics and synbiotics but not of probiotics was demonstrated. Using tissue samples generated in this model, attempts were made to gain a better insight into the mechanisms underlying cancer development. The human intervention study consisted of two groups of volunteers. One group was composed of people at high risk (polypectomised subjects) for colon cancer and the other of volunteers (colon cancer subjects) who had previously undergone 'curative resection' for colon cancer but were not currently receiving treatment. The present paper describes the experimental design of the SYNCAN study, and demonstrates a functional effect of the synbiotic preparation (probiotic survival during gastrointestinal transit and modification of the intestinal flora). Detailed experimental outcome of the human intervention study will be reported elsewhere.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP051 Probiotic on Body Composition, Microbiome and Mood in Healthy Overweight Adults.

Obesity and mental health disorders are among the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Interestingly, an altered microbiome profile has been associated with both conditions. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with a specific probiotic strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP051) on body composition and gut microbiome balance, together with measures of mood state, in a population of healthy overweight subjects. Sixty healthy, moderately stressed, nondepressed and overweight or obese volunteers were supplemented for 12 weeks with probiotic (L. plantarum KABP051; 1 billion colony forming units/day) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose). The KABP051 group experienced significantly greater improvements compared with placebo on body composition measurements, including a reduction in body weight and waist circumference, which decreased in 1.97 ± 0.77 (mean ± SE) kg and 2.15 ± 0.81 (mean ± SE) cm versus placebo at the end of the intervention (both P < .05, mixed model for repeated measures [MMRM] and post-hoc analysis). Microbiome composition improved in KABP051 group, with significant increase in the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus spp. versus placebo. Body fat percentage, profile of mood states fatigue, and confusion sub-scores showed a global trend toward improvement compared with placebo, with the change at 12 weeks being significant in the three measurements in post-hoc analysis (P = .015, P = .014, and P = .016, respectively). No serious adverse events were registered during the intervention period. These results suggest that a specific strain of probiotic bacteria (L. plantarum KABP051) may have both metabolic and psychobiotic effects and may be beneficial for enhancing weight loss and body composition, improving energy (less fatigue) and mood levels while embarking on a healthy lifestyle regimen. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06808061.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of pharmacological and microbiota-based therapies in preclinical models of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition in which pharmacological and microbiota-targeted interventions are emerging as promising therapeutic avenues. Animal models are the main tool to investigate etiology, molecular mechanisms and screening for pharmacological therapies. Methodological differences, outcome measure variability, incomplete reporting, biological confounders, and overgeneralization of the results made evaluating innovative pharmacological agents challenging. These limitations in the field highlight a need for systematic and standardized research to reliably assess and translate pharmacological interventions from ASD animal models to human clinical relevance. SUBJECTS: This systematic review synthesized efficacy evidence for pharmacological and microbiota-based therapies across established ASD animal models. RESULTS: We identified 52 recent (2010-2025) studies that reported key ASD behavioral outcomes after pharmacological or microbiota-focused treatments. Interventions were grouped into therapeutic classes - including oxytocinergic agents, E/I balance therapeutic targets, metabolic drugs, cannabinoids, purine-based interventions and emerging targets - alongside microbiota-directed strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. By integrating effect directions and robustness across models, we identified most potential drug candidates, evaluated the efficacy of novel strategies, and recognized critical translational gaps. The reviewed studies demonstrate that ASD-like behavioral deficits in preclinical models can be modulated through interventions targeting diverse biological systems, including neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, metabolism, and the gut-brain axis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the multifactorial nature of ASD pathophysiology which arises from a network of interacting systemic processes rather than a single molecular defect. It could explain the limited success of traditionally narrowly targeted interventions and suggest a paradigm shift into a more systemic approach.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: an overview of enabling science and potential applications.

The application of probiotics and prebiotics to the manipulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon has recently seen many scientific advances. The sequencing of probiotic genomes is providing a wealth of new information on the biology of these microorganisms. In addition, we are learning more about the interactions of probiotics with human cells and with pathogenic bacteria. An alternative means of modulating the colonic microbial community is by the use of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Increasing knowledge of the metabolism of prebiotics by probiotics is allowing us to consider specifically targeting such dietary intervention tools at specific population groups and specific disease states.

Colon↗

PubMed2001

Dietary probiotic supplementation enhances natural killer cell activity in the elderly: an investigation of age-related immunological changes.

Many elderly subjects are at increased risk of infectious and noninfectious diseases due to an age-related decline in lymphoid cell activity (immunosenescence). Noninvasive means of enhancing cellular immunity are therefore desirable in the elderly. Previous reports have suggested that dietary supplementation could represent an effective means of enhancing the activity of circulating natural killer (NK) cells in the elderly. In the present study, we have conducted a pre-post intervention trial to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on peripheral blood NK cell activity in healthy elderly subjects. Twenty-seven volunteers consumed low-fat/low-lactose milk supplemented with known immunostimulatory LAB strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 or Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) for a period of 3 weeks. A dietary run-in of milk alone was shown to have no significant effect on NK cells. In contrast, the proportion of CD56-positive lymphocytes in peripheral circulation was higher following consumption of either LAB strain, and ex vivo PBMC tumoricidal activity against K562 cells was also increased. Supplementation with HN001 or HN019 increased tumoricidal activity by an average of 101 and 62%, respectively; these increases were significantly correlated with age, with subjects older than 70 years experiencing significantly greater improvements than those under 70 years. These results demonstrate that dietary consumption of probiotic LAB in a milk-based diet may offer benefit to elderly consumers to combat some of the deleterious effects of immunosenescence on cellular immunity.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Is there any role for prevention strategies for colorectal cancer other than population-based screening?

Colorectal carcinoma is a growing medical problem. Prevention represents the most effective approach for reducing the incidence and mortality. Population-based screening with subsequent colonoscopic polypectomy is the most common strategy. There are, however, other approaches increasing the portfolio of available measures. These include the special care of groups with an increased risk for CRC based on family or medical history and various chemopreventive strategies. Family history is a simple method to identify a person with increased risk of CRC. There are two groups of familial CRC: monogenetic hereditary syndromes such as FAP and HNPCC and hereditary predispositions with sporadic CRC. Recent advances in genetic tests and tailored surveillance strategies are able to decrease the morbidity and mortality in these groups. Therefore a wider recognition of family history as risk indicator of CRC should be encouraged. Chemoprevention is a very promising concept for both primary and secondary prevention of CRC. Although definite evidence is difficult to provide a number of studies suggest a role for nutritional interventions and/or chemoprevention with plant phytosterols, fiber, selenium, calcium, probiotics or COX2 inhibitors as putative chemopreventive strategies. (Tab. 4, Ref. 70.).

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗

PubMed2006

Effects of a nutritional intervention with yogurt on lymphocyte subsets and cytokine production capacity in anorexia nervosa patients.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of probiotic therapy in immunocompromised subjects still need strong scientific evidences. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the effects of yogurt on certain immunological parameters in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients during refeeding. METHODS: A parallel 10-week nutritional intervention with yogurt was conducted on a group of patients with AN and on a group of healthy adolescents (HA). In total, 16 AN patients and 16 HA consumed 375 g/d of yogurt containing L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus (groups AN-y and HA-y, respectively). The control groups for AN patients (n = 14) and healthy subjects (n = 19) consumed 400 ml/d of semi-skimmed milk (groups AN-c and HA-c, respectively). Blood lymphocyte subsets were assessed by flow cytometry and the in vitro production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by PHA-stimulated PBMC was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: A significant combined effect of time and nutritional intervention was found for the CD8+ subset and IFN-gamma production, both in HA and AN patients. The CD8+ subset showed a significant increase after 10 weeks in HA-c and AN-c. As a consequence, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in AN-c than in AN-y after treatment. A significant increase in IFN-gamma production was found after yogurt intake in AN-y, while it decreased significantly in AN-c. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the inclusion of yogurt in the refeeding therapy of AN patients may exert positive effects on the immunological markers related to the nutritional status of these patients, such as the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the production of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Probiotics: effects on immunity.

The gastrointestinal tract functions as a barrier against antigens from microorganisms and food. The generation of immunophysiologic regulation in the gut depends on the establishment of indigenous microflora. This has led to the introduction of novel therapeutic interventions based on the consumption of cultures of beneficial live microorganisms that act as probiotics. Among the possible mechanisms of probiotic therapy is promotion of a nonimmunologic gut defense barrier, which includes the normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microecology. Another possible mechanism of probiotic therapy is improvement of the intestine's immunologic barrier, particularly through intestinal immunoglobulin A responses and alleviation of intestinal inflammatory responses, which produce a gut-stabilizing effect. Many probiotic effects are mediated through immune regulation, particularly through balance control of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data show that probiotics can be used as innovative tools to alleviate intestinal inflammation, normalize gut mucosal dysfunction, and down-regulate hypersensitivity reactions. More recent data show that differences exist in the immunomodulatory effects of candidate probiotic bacteria. Moreover, distinct regulatory effects have been detected in healthy subjects and in patients with inflammatory diseases. These results suggest that specific immunomodulatory properties of probiotic bacteria should be characterized when developing clinical applications for extended target populations.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2006

Primary prevention of childhood asthma and allergic disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders in childhood is increasing in many parts of the world. This review focuses on recent findings with regard to environmental risk factors and their manipulation in the primary prevention of these diseases in childhood. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have failed to resolve the controversy on the subject of exposure to indoor aeroallergens and the risk of sensitization and asthma in childhood. Bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus in infancy is associated with a significant increase in risk of asthma, but not atopy. In the prevention of these diseases, the effects of breastfeeding are controversial, with studies showing a protective effect in children without allergic predisposition, but other studies showing no effect or even the potential for an increased asthma risk. A significant reduction in the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma at 7 years was found in a randomized controlled multifaceted (reduction of inhaled and ingested allergens) intervention study of high-risk infants. Other intervention measures, such as an education program on how to reduce exposure, the use of probiotics, and immunization against infections, all showed some protective effects. SUMMARY: More research is required, especially with regard to longer periods of follow-up for all current intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure, the onset and duration of intervention, and other novel intervention measures in the primary prevention of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Probiotic alternatives to reduce gastrointestinal infections: the poultry experience.

The intestinal mucosa represents the most active defense barrier against the continuous challenge of food antigens and pathogenic microorganisms present in the intestinal lumen. Protection against harmful agents is conferred by factors such as gastric acid, peristalsis, mucus, intestinal proteolysis, and the intestinal biota. The establishment of beneficial bacterial communities and metabolites from these complex ecosystems has varying consequences for host health. This hypothesis has led to the introduction of novel therapeutic interventions based on the consumption of beneficial bacterial cultures. Mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria affect the microecology of the gastrointestinal tract are not well understood, but at least three mechanisms of action have been proposed: production/presence of antibacterial substances (e.g., bacteriocins or colicins), modulation of immune responses and specific competition for adhesion receptors to intestinal epithelium. The rapid establishment of bacterial communities has been thought to be essential for the prevention of colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Some animal models suggest that the reduction in bacterial translocation in neonatal animals could be associated with an increase in intestinal bacterial communities and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by these species. This review emphasizes the role of the intestinal microbiota in the reduction of the gastrointestinal infections and draws heavily on studies in poultry.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Probiotic bacteria reduced duration and severity but not the incidence of common cold episodes in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial.

To investigate the effect of long-term consumption of probiotic bacteria on viral respiratory tract infections (common cold, influenza), a randomized, double blind, controlled intervention study was performed during two winter/spring periods (3 and 5 month). Four hundred and seventy-nine healthy adults were supplemented daily with vitamins plus minerals with or without probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The intake of the probiotic had no effect on the incidence of common cold infections (verum=158, control=153 episodes, influenza was not observed), but significantly shortened duration of episodes by almost 2 days (7.0+/-0.5 versus 8.9+/-1.0 days, p=0.045), reduced the severity of symptoms and led to larger increases in cytotoxic T plus T suppressor cell counts and in T helper cell counts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

A Review on Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Mechanisms, Effects and Mitigation Strategies.

BACKGROUND: Heat stress (HS) is a major environmental challenge for broilers, particularly under rising global temperatures and high humidity. Broiler chickens are highly susceptible because of their rapid growth rate, high metabolic heat production, limited thermoregulatory capacity and genetic selection for fast growth. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to synthesise current evidence, evaluate the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies, identify key knowledge gaps and provide future research directions to improve broiler resilience, welfare and productivity under increasingly HS conditions. METHODS: This review synthesised evidence published between 2010 and 2025 on the physiological, metabolic, intestinal, immunological and productive consequences of HS and evaluated mitigation strategies. RESULTS: The reviewed studies demonstrate that HS reduces feed intake by approximately 10%-30%, suppresses body weight gain and feed efficiency and increases mortality, with severity depending on temperature, humidity and broiler genotype. HS disrupts carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism; induces acid-base imbalance and oxidative stress; compromises intestinal barrier integrity; alters gut microbiota; suppresses immune function; and reduces meat quality. Nutritional interventions, including dietary electrolyte balance, antioxidants, vitamins, selenium, zinc, phytogenic compounds, probiotics, betaine and optimised feeding strategies, environmental management and genetic approaches, including naked-neck and frizzle genes, can partially alleviate these adverse effects. However, inconsistencies among studies persist because of differences in broiler strains, environmental conditions, dietary formulations and experimental protocols. CONCLUSION: HS substantially compromises broiler health, welfare, productivity and meat quality. Nutritional, environmental and genetic approaches can partially mitigate its adverse effects; however, further research is needed to improve broiler resilience under increasingly HS conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Dose-response study of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei CRL-341 in healthy young adults.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the dose-response effects of supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12) and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei (CRL-431) on blood lipids, recovery from feces and bowel habits. Changes of the fecal microflora was analyzed in the 10(10) CFU/day probiotic and placebo group. DESIGN: The study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel dose-response study. SUBJECTS: Healthy young adults (18-40 years) were recruited by advertising in local newspapers. Of the 75 persons enrolled, 71 (46 women, 25 men, mean age 25.6 years (range 18-40 years)) completed the study. INTERVENTION: The volunteers were randomly assigned into five groups receiving either placebo or a mixture of the two probiotics in the concentration of 10(8), 10(9), 10(10) or 10(11) CFU/day in 2 weeks run-in period, 3 weeks intervention and 2 weeks wash-out. Diary reporting bowel habits and well being (abdominal bloating, flatulence and headache) was kept for all 7 weeks and blood lipids, fecal recovery of BB-12 and CRL-431, as well as fecal microflora was tested before, immediately and 2 weeks after intervention. RESULTS: The fecal recovery of BB-12 increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing dose. In the group receiving 10(11) CFU/day BB-12 was recovered from 13 out of 15 volunteers. CRL-431 was not recovered in any of the fecal samples. Supplementation with probiotics did not change the fecal bacterial composition. A significant linear increase in fecal consistency (looser stool) with increasing probiotic dose (P = 0.018) was observed. No overall dose-response effect was found on the blood lipids. High doses of probiotics were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: A dose-related recovery of BB-12 from feces was observed.

Adolescent↗