Goal-setting rigidity in an ambiguous situation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Goals↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Psychological rigidity”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Reversal of severe neurological manifestations of Wilson's disease following orthotopic liver transplantation.
Experience with liver transplantation for patients with Wilson's disease who have major neurological impairment is limited, and this report describes the results obtained in two such patients. The first was a 30-year-old man with a 14-month history of hepatic and neurological impairment. In spite of treatment with d-penicillamine, he developed increasing dysarthria, dysphagia, akinesia and rigidity of all four limbs, and required continuous nursing care. Following transplantation, liver function was almost normal from four weeks onwards, but recovery of neurological function was much slower and was not seen until two to three months after surgery. By four months he was sufficiently mobile to be discharged, and when he returned for assessment at eight months, no abnormal neurological signs were detectable. The second patient was a 27-year-old woman with worsening liver dysfunction for eight years; one year previously she had developed dysarthria, akinesia, a fine tremor and moderate rigidity of all limbs as well as marked psychological impairment. There was no improvement on treatment with d-penicillamine or trientine, but as liver function returned to normal two months after liver grafting, her neurological and psychological function began to improve so that by three months she could be discharged.
Adult↗
[Outcome of Parkinsonism after two years of levodopa plus R04-4602 (author's transl)].
Twenty-one patients suffering from Parkinson disease were treated with L-Dopa together with an extra-cerebral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (Ro4-4602) and with triesyphenidyl. Seven assessments of the patient's clinical condition were carried out over a period of two years with a number of neurological and psychometric tests. At the beginning of the second year of treatment, the signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease began to worsen with an increased disability. In the present paper two possibilities are discussed, namely whether the deterioration was the consequence of L-Dopa administration or whether this was simply the outcome of inadequacy of drug treatment during a period of natural worsening of the disease.
Adult↗
[Effectiveness of and tolerance to intracavernous injection of moxisylyte in patients with erectile dysfunction: effect/dose relationship versus placebo].
The authors investigated the optima dose (efficacy and safety) of moxisylyte, an alpha-blocking agent, in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 30 patients. The origin of the erectile dysfunction was predominantly psychological in 14 patients and neurological in 16 patients. Each patient received 4 intracavernous injections in a randomized order (placebo, 10, 20, 30 mg of moxisylyte) at 7-day intervals. Regardless of the dose, moxisylyte induced significantly greater penile responses than placebo on all erection criteria. The frequency of responses allowing sexual intercourse appeared to be dose-dependent in the two aetiological groups. The erectile responses most frequently obtained were complete rigidity in the "neurological" group and tumescence in the "psychological" group. The safety was excellent for 95.6% of injections and no case of priapism was observed. One patient (neurological patient) experienced two prolonged erections after the dose of 20 mg and another patient (psychological patient) reported 2 headaches after the dose of 30 mg. No pain was experienced on injection. Moxisylyte is very well tolerated and is able to induce an erectile response from the dose of 10 mg. This dose appears to be sufficient in patients with central neurological erectile dysfunction; a dose of 20 mg tends to improve the quality of response in patients with a predominantly psychological disorder, although the differences observed between the doses were not statistically significant in this number limited of patients.
Adult↗
Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: a primer.
Generalized anxiety disorder is a highly debilitating psychologic disorder associated with cognitive, affective, behavioral and physiologic forms of rigidity and dysfunction. Chronic and uncontrollable worry, a future-oriented and highly negative form of verbal thought, is its hallmark symptom. Cognitive behavioral therapy, the most well-established psychologic treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, entails techniques designed to target and reduce dysfunction in each of these mutually interrelating domains. This review serves as an introduction to cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder, including conceptualization, treatment methods and evidence for efficacy. Future directions for augmenting treatment efficacy are also discussed.
Anxiety Disorders↗
Impotence: the surgical approach.
Techniques are now available to restore erectile potency. Several prosthetic devices have been developed that afford a high degree of reliability. The inflatable prosthesis is cosmetically superior, but it is associated with the highest mechanical complication rate. Penile revascularization is a technique with great potential, but the methodology at this point requires further development. Surgeons involved with the treatment of impotency must acquire both the surgical skills required by the operative techniques as well as a philosophical approach to the psychological aspects involved in such therapy. Restoration of penile rigidity can, for some men, mean a new lease on life, but in the improperly selected patient a surgical success may be associated with utter patient dissatisfaction.
Counseling↗
Patients' expectations from renal grafting and transplantation outcome.
Prevailing reports on psychological prediction of renal graft integration are rare, mostly based on case studies. Focusing on patients' expectations from the transplantation process before grafting, we investigate the influence of psychological data and statements on the final transplantation results. In the whole group (n = 83) the attitude toward transplantation was very optimistic. Comparing the features of patients with successful graft outcome (n = 23) and graft failure or patient's death (n = 10) the latter group shows: lower scale values of optimistic attitude toward transplantation outcome, higher level of fear concerning surgical treatment, less willingness to agree preoperatively to second transplantation in case of first graft failure. Psychological data indicate a greater tendency toward more submissive, rigid, and depressive behavior. It is assumed that the patient's attitude and expectation on grafting is a part of the conditions influencing the final transplantation result. Further studies should prove this concept.
Adult↗
High cost of high school football injuries.
This study examines year-to-year (1965, 1976 to 1977) and state-to-state (six western United States) cost variations in relation to injury site, severity, and repetition of high school football injuries. Data were collected from the files of the largest single insurer of secondary school students in these states. Analysis was made through a specially programmed Qantel 1300 computer. The average claim cost in 1965 was $34.72 in 1976 was $149.93, and, in 1977, it was $177.95. The average cost was lowest in Utah and highest in California. In the 1976 to 1977 season, 3,501 claims from 15,252 players were reported. Over 25% of the claims filed were from players who had more than come claim per season. Relatively minor injuries (sprains, strains, contusions, and abrasions) accounted for 72.3% of all injuries but only 42.4% of medical costs. Lower extremity injuries accounted for one-third of the injuries and one-half of the costs. Knee injuries alone accounted for 12.7% of all injuries and 31.8% of all medical costs paid by the insurance company. It is proposed that trainers and coaches not only know how to care for minor injuries but also that they are more rigid in their criteria for fitness, agility, stamina, and psychologic factors so that players predisposed to injury and repeated injuries will not contribute to the escalating medical costs of high school football injuries.
Adolescent↗
[Experiences with psycho-vegetative tests in the study difficulties of student teachers].
A total of 125 student teachers, who at the time when these investigations were conducted were unable to work or study, respectively, were subjected to the ENR test of Brengelmann/Brengelmann and the VELA test of Fahrenberg. Fifty-six student teachers had to take their names off the books. Their failures were closely correlated with introversion, neuroticism, and vegetative lability. The latter may already be evident from the medical history of the subject and should be sufficient cause for psychological testing in case the student should encounter difficulties in his work. Rigidity is not yet fully developed in the age group to which students normally belong and shows no significant correlation with failure.
Extraversion, Psychological↗
Psychological implications in temporomandibular pain and dysfunction.
1. Although psychological factors are an important etiological component in producing and perpetuating TMJ disorders a comprehensive view of the problem can be best understood through the concept of multifactorial etiology. 2. Psychological factors operative in TMJ disorders cannot be understood within any single frame of reference. It is appropriate to examine emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal relationships in parallel, not as dichotomous concepts. 3. The symptom complex defined in this review as "TMJ disorders" is the musculoskeletal component of a larger group of microtraumatic signs and symptoms, all of which are manifestations of a generalized injury-producing activity termed dysfunction. 4. More explicit diagnoses need to be identified if definitional problems involving TMJ disorders are to be overcome. 5. Classical psychoanalytic conceptualization of the etiology of TMJ disorders has not been systematically examined, but has been widely accepted and found clinically useful by some therapists. 6. Clinical impressions notwithstanding, there is little evidence to indicate that TMJ disorders are correlated with one specific personality trait. Perhaps more definitive assessments will reveal uniform personality characteristics in subclasses of TMJ patients. 7. Emotional factors (e.g., anxiety, fear, frustration, and anger) play a significant role in the etiology of TMJ disorders, in that they elicit muscular tension and oral habits. Although it would appear unlikely that emotionally induced muscle activity is a "necessary" factor, it is probable that it will be found a "sufficient" cause for TMJ disorders. 8. Learning principles, should not be considered as an alternative etiological position but should be viewed as a framework upon which any psychological theory of etiology must be based. 9. The presence of chronic pain in TMJ patients may be of as much clinical significance in the prognosis as the physical findings associated with the disorder itself. 10. The potential placebo effect resulting from any treatment, coupled with other nonspecific effects of the doctor's attitudes, remains a powerful tool that can be utilized in treating TMJ disorders. A vital ingredient in the placebo effect is the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. 11. Patient evaluation should not only include a) a search for the immediate organic stimulus or biomechanical disturbance, but also b) an assessment of situational or chronic anxiety and other emotional factors and c) an observation of interpersonal styles of behavior commonly associated with the chronically sick patient. 12. Unilateral etiological views of TMJ disorders and rigid treatment approaches need modification. Treatment involving simultaneous dental and psychological approaches appears to have more promise.
Anxiety↗
[Standardised environmental conditions for neurocognitive laboratories].
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The exploration of neurocognition in neurology departments has gone a long way from the traditional psychometric tests to the present day use of high technology methods in cognitive neurophysiology, as is the case of event related potentials. Given the increased sensitivity of these procedures, it has become absolutely essential to control the influence of environmental variables that may exert non controlled effects on the patient s response. Many neurocognitive laboratories have been set up in premises in which the spatial layout and the environmental characteristics have been determined beforehand and consequently technical staff has had to prepare these rooms in an empirical way. This gives rise to two types of drawbacks: interferences in the patient s concentration and low reproducibility of the results in other laboratories. METHOD: In this paper we present a proposed set of standardised conditions for a neurocognitive laboratory from an architectural perspective, and more specifically with regard to interior design. We outline the functional design of the premises, the conditions for workplaces where VDU computers (Video Display Units) are used and where psychometric evaluation is carried out. We also discuss the criteria to be followed when placing the laboratory within a hospital, lighting parameters, air conditioning and suggestions about psychological input. CONCLUSIONS: Although we do not seek to establish a rigid set of norms, these conditions will raise the quality of evaluations and facilitate the comparison of results because of the reduced variability from the environment.
Architecture↗
The height of a stereokinetic cone: a quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a "rigidity assumption".
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Depth Perception↗
Extreme response set, drive level and abnormality in questionnaire rigidity.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
FACTORS IN PERCEPTION AND RIGIDITY.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aptitude↗
Maternal compliance and children's self-concept in cystic fibrosis.
To examine the hypothesis that the degree of maternal compliance with physical therapy regimens for cystic fibrosis (CF) is correlated with the child's psychological adjustment, compliance was classified by independent raters as "moderate" (intermediate) or "unmoderated" (rigid adherence or clear noncompliance). Compliance data were obtained in a structured self-report interview. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was administered to the children (23 boys, aged 7-15 years) to measure this dimension of psychological adjustment. Children of mothers with unmoderated compliance scored significantly lower on total self-concept scores and on subtests measuring popularity and physical appearance and attributes than those with mothers whose compliance was rated as moderated. These findings, if confirmed in studies with larger samples that include girls with CF, have implications for practitioners who treat children with this disorder.
Adolescent↗
Psychic structure and function. Some concepts useful in dealing with patients.
Human behavior, "healthy" or "sick," is enormously complex. It is influenced by a great number of variables. The brain is the ultimate organ of psychic structure, and increasing knowledge of the brain should eventually clarify the manner in which various factors do affect our behavior. As yet, however, we do not have an adequate scheme of brain structure and function which we know how to use effectively in the formulation of behavior. For theoretical and clinical purposes the psychoanalytic concept of psychic structure and function has been highly useful in interpreting the complex data of behavior and in guiding therapeutic effort. It covers in a comprehensive way the multiple determinants of behavior... deriving from biological heritage, states and drives (id), the influences of past experience, especially those reflecting the demanding and prohibitive attitudes of parental figures (superego), the pressures of external reality and those processes integrating these various influences into adaptive and defensive behavior (ego). The psychic structure goes through a long and arduous process of development. Uneven development with weakness, rigidity and lack of integration is manifest in psychopathologic states. Psychological health is present to the extent that there is balanced development of the psychic structures favorable to growth, development and stability. In the presence of psychopathologic change, the therapeutic task is to restore or develop strength, flexibility and coordination of the psychic structures to a level at which they are capable of dealing with reality.
Humans↗
[Psychodiagnostics of learning disabilities (author's transl)].
Various procedures for psychodiagnosis of mentally disabled persons are critically described. Diagnostics and therapy are conceived as a process that should not be fragmented. Advantages and disadvantages of a rigidly structured diagnostic approach are discussed. The various possibilities for psychological examination of the learning disabled are accepted as a meaningful foundation for subsequent stimulation and therapy only if they include cooperation of the parents and the therapeutic or functional personnel. Anamnesis as well as observation and analysis of behaviour are emphasised as especially needed diagnostic tools. This is illustrated by means of the diagnosis of aggressive behavioural disorders in learning disabled included in a therapy group. The main emphasis in psychological management of the mentally disabled is placed on behavioural therapy. The author posits departure from its more orthodox methods, and suggests orientation towards Lazarus' model. The necessity for the therapist to be committed with his whole personality is regarded as fundamental to a community for diagnosis and therapy.
Behavior Therapy↗
[Psychophysiological correlations and reactivity of patients with hypertension].
A clinical psychophysiologic and psychologic assessment was made twice, at 12 months' interval, in 203 patients with essential hypertension (EH). In addition to aggravated heredity, EH patients showing more marked BP increment under emotional stress had higher level of anxiety, rigidity and interpersonal conflicts. Different cardiovascular response to various emotive stressors was dependent on psychological characteristics of EH patients. EH patients with increased BP over follow-up period originally showed more marked diastolic BP response to emotional stress, and slower BP recovery after the exposure.
Adult↗