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PubMedDate not supplied

[Pregnancy and labor in 12 to 14-year-old girls].

This retrospective study reports on the course of pregnancy and delivery in 12- to 14-year old girls during a period of 8 years. At the time of delivery 44 mothers (0.3%) out of 13,178 had not finished their 15th year; this adolescent primiparae were compared to a group of equal size including primiparae between 20 and 30 years of age. Whereas other studies report a higher risk of several pregnancy-related complications, our investigation mainly found a higher percentage of premature deliveries (13.6%). A significantly shorter duration of pregnancy resulted in lower birth weights in the adolescent group. Furthermore we noted a higher frequency of pyelitis gravidarum in this group. Operative delivery had to be performed in 9.1% of the cases (3 X cesarean sections, 1 X forceps), compared to 13.6% in the control group (3 X cesarean sections, 3 X forceps). In the adolescent group no other obstetric complications occurred; whereas a higher incidence of puerperal infections (endometritis) was noted. 26 adolescent mothers were foreigners of southern European descendence; in only 8 cases the putative father was notified; a third of the young mothers decided to enter their child in the state adoption program.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Acute pyelonephritis associated with bacteriuria during long-term catheterization: a prospective clinicopathological study.

Bacteriuria is virtually universal in long-term catheterized patients. This blinded autopsy study of 75 aged nursing home patients demonstrated that acute inflammation of the renal parenchyma was present in 38% of patients with a urinary catheter in place at death versus 5% of noncatheterized patients (P = .004). Of a number of clinical and demographic variables studied, only catheterization was significantly related to acute renal inflammation. Acute cystitis was uncommon, but each case was associated with inflammation of at least one kidney. The majority of kidneys showing acute inflammation (21 [68%] of 31) were not accompanied by acute pyelitis. Acute renal inflammation with or without pelvic inflammation is a common finding in nursing home patients dying with urethral catheters in place. This finding provides additional support for the development of alternatives to the indwelling urethral catheter.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Experimental model of corynebacterium renale pyelonephritis produced in mice.

Corynebacterium renale type I (strain 115), 1.7 X 10(7) to 4.5 X 10(7) organisms, introduced intravenously into mice disappeared from the blood less than 24 h after inoculation and did not produce pyelonephritis. The same strain, 1 X 10(7) to 5 X 10(7) organisms, inoculated into the urinary bladder of mice was not recovered from the blood in any of the mice, but caused pyelonephritis accompanied by ureteritis and cystitis in 16 of 21 (76%) mice. Pyelonephritis and cystitis in mice were histopathologically similar to those found in cows. The antibody response was observed only in the mice with pyelonephritis or pyelitis, but not in those with only cystitis or in those without lesions, as found in cows. Similar diseases were produced in mice by C. renale types II and III but less frequently than by type I. It is suggested, therefore, that mice may be useful in the study of bovine C. renale infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Right-sided segmental infarction of the omentum: clinical, US, and CT findings.

Clinical, ultrasound (US), and computed tomographic (CT) findings at hospital admission and follow-up were retrospectively studied in seven patients with right-sided segmental infarction of the omentum. In all patients, the presumptive clinical diagnosis was appendicitis, although in three patients cholecystitis and pyelitis were also considered. US revealed an ovoid or cakelike, moderately hyperechoic, noncompressible lesion adherent to the peritoneum and located at the level of the umbilicus, anterolateral to the right half of the colon. On CT scans, a corresponding, better defined area of fat interspersed with hyperattenuating streaks was found. No abnormality of bowel or appendix was seen. The clinical symptoms and abnormalities on US scans gradually disappeared in all patients. Because no patient underwent surgery, no histologic proof was obtained. In all patients, however, the clinical, US, and CT findings were similar and consistent. They corresponded to the abnormality called right-sided segmental omental infarction in the surgery and radiology literature and enabled exclusion of appendicitis, thus preventing unnecessary surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1973

Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the dog. II. Effects of complete bile diversion and of cholesterol feeding on pool sizes of tissue cholesterol measured at autopsy.

In six adult pedigreed dogs the effects of high-cholesterol diets or bile diversion on the sizes of body cholesterol pools were studied at autopsy. Total body cholesterol was determined by measuring the cholesterol content of discrete organs and of the eviscerated carcass: neither cholesterol feeding nor bile diversion had altered total body cholesterol or the cholesterol content of individual organs and tissues. These results validated the conclusion based on sterol balance data obtained during life, that high-cholesterol feeding did not lead to substantial expansion of tissue cholesterol pools. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF EXCHANGEABLE CHOLESTEROL IN THE ANIMALS WITH AN INTACT ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION, WHEN ESTIMATED FROM ISOTOPIC DATA, WAS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME AS THAT MEASURED CHEMICALLY: this indicated that there was little or no nonexchangeable cholesterol in these dogs, except in skin and nervous tissue, regardless of the cholesterol content of the diet. This correspondence of estimates was not obtained in the bile-diverted dogs: we propose that the defect in the isotopic estimates was due to the accelerated rate of cholesterol synthesis in these animals. Gross and microscopic morphology of all organs and tissues was examined. Abnormal findings were limited to the biliary tract and the urinary collecting system of the two bile-diverted dogs: multiple bilirubinate gallstones were found, and mild pyelitis and ureteritis were present on the side of the bilio-renal shunt, but the urinary bladder was normal. Histologic evidence of moderate degree of cholangitis was found in one of the two bile-shunted dogs, but in neither dog was there evidence of impedance of bile flow.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1992

[Percutaneous drainage in renal emphysema. Clinical case].

Renal emphysema is a rare and severe infection, that constitutes two clinical entities: emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelitis. We report a case in which the gas is localized both in the collecting system and in the parenchyma of the kidney. In our experience the percutaneous renal drainage has revealed to be able to dominate the infection but not to preserve renal function.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemolytic properties of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of urinary tract infection and enteropathy].

Different strains of E. coli, that were isolated during years 1986-1990 from 217 urine samples in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, cysto-pyelitis and pyelonephritis, appeared to be more frequently haemolytic (34.5%) than strains of E. coli isolated from faecal samples in patients with acute enteropathy. It was confirmed that the haemolysin production occurs during log -phase of bacterial growth. The degree of haemolysis can vary widely according to the strain involved. Agglutination tests, using 53 O-antiserum, showed a great variety of serogroups. Some of them (04, 018, 022) are prevalent among the haemolytic strains isolated from urine; some others (055, 0111, 075) are prevalent among the anhaemolytic strains isolated from urine and faeces.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1991

Upper urinary tract infection: the current role of CT, ultrasound, and MRI.

This article reviewed some of the fundamental concepts in renal inflammatory disease. The difficulties in present terminology were reviewed and our approach discussed. The pathological underpinning of the acute-subacute infections were contrasted with those seen in the granulomatous diseases. The importance of CT in separating emphysematous pyelonephritis from emphysematous pyelitis and perinephric emphysema was stressed. Although ultrasound has been used in the past and is still of value in select situations, we prefer CT for assessment of renal infection. CT examinations show whether the disease is focal or diffuse, whether air is present, whether there is perinephric or pararenal extension, whether an abscess is present, and when the ideal time is for intervention. In severe renal infection in the adult, CT has shown the development of renal scars, perinephric extension, and the spontaneous drainage of Staphylococcus abscesses into nearby calyces.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1990

[Corynebacterium suis infections in swine. 2. Morphological findings in the urinary tract with special reference to the bladder].

Morphological investigations of the urethra, urinary bladder (2 localizations), ureter, renal pelvis and kidneys were performed in sows with Corynebacterium suis infection. The first stages of the disease were characterized by changes of the transitional epithelium in the bladder where epithelial vacuolisation, goblet cell differentiation, leucocytic infiltrations, and haemorrhages occurred. In chronically affected animals different stages of a mucopurulent, partly erosive to ulcerative cystitis were observed. Furthermore, chronic cystitis was characterized by polypoid mucosal proliferation and bacterial accumulations. Ureter and urethra showed signs of a mild purulent inflammation. In the renal pelvis there was a severe fibrinopurulent and necrotizing pyelitis which was accompanied by bacterial invasions. The parts of the renal pelvis without desquamation of the transitional epithelium undergo mucoid degenerations. The final stage of the disease is characterized by severe fibrosing chronic interstitial nephritis leading to death of the animals due to uraemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Chronic urinary tract infection in dogs: induction by inoculation with bacteria via percutaneous nephropyelostomy.

Dogs were inoculated via percutaneous nephropyelostomy with bacteria isolated from canine patients with urinary tract infections (4 dogs were inoculated with Escherichia coli, 2 were inoculated with Proteus mirabilis, and 1 was inoculated with coagulase-positive staphylococci). At approximately monthly intervals after bacterial inoculation, bladder urine specimens were collected via antepubic cystocentesis, and renal pelvic urine specimens were collected via percutaneous nephropyelocentesis. Dogs were euthanatized between 89 and 294 days after bacterial inoculation. Extensive microscopic examination was conducted on the urinary tract of each dog. The dogs did not develop any of the common clinical signs of urinary tract infections (ie, increased frequency of urination, fever, craniodorsal abdominal [renal] pain, or malaise). Inflammation in the lower urinary tract of the dogs was more severe than that in the kidneys. Although pyelitis was present, extension into the outer medulla and renal cortex seemed to be confined to nephropyelostomy tracts. The most severe bladder lesion was found in the dog that developed cystic calculi after inoculation with coagulase-positive staphylococci.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Ureterocolonic anastomosis in clinically normal dogs.

Ureterocolonic anastomosis was evaluated in 13 clinically normal dogs. Urinary continence was maintained after surgery, and the procedure was completed without technique errors in all but 2 dogs. Three dogs died within 5 weeks (2 of undetermined causes and 1 of aspiration pneumonia and neurologic disease), and 1 dog was euthanatized 4 months after surgery because of neurologic signs. Two healthy dogs were euthanatized 3 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Five dogs were euthanatized 6 months after surgery for light microscopic evaluation of their kidneys. Gastrointestinal and neurologic disturbances developed in 4 dogs at various postoperative intervals. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 2 dogs with neurologic signs was increased. Plasma ammonia concentration measured in 5 dogs without neurologic signs was within normal limits. All 5 dogs, in which metabolic acidosis was diagnosed, had high normal or above normal serum chloride concentration. Serum urea nitrogen values were increased after surgery because of colonic absorption of urea. Serum creatinine concentration was increased in 1 dog 6 months after surgery. Individual kidney glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 38% (3/8) of the kidneys from 4 other dogs at 6 months after surgery. Of 5 dogs euthanatized at 3 to 4 months after surgery, 4 had bilateral pyelitis, and 1 had unilateral pyelonephritis. Six months after surgery, pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 40% (4/10) of the kidneys from 5 dogs. The ureterocolonic anastomosis procedure is a salvage procedure that should allow complete cystectomy. However, variable degrees of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and neurologic disease may result.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1987

[Clinical study of carumonam].

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of carumonam (CRMN, AMA-1080), the drug was used in the treatment of 10 patients including 4 with pneumonia and each with acute tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia (PAP), chronic pyelitis, and acute cystitis. Since beta-lactam antibiotics were not active against Mycoplasma pneumonia and PAP, these diseases were excluded from the clinical efficacy evaluation of CRMN. Responses were excellent in 1 patient and good in 7. Side effects were not observed. The laboratory test recognized slight elevations of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia in 1 patient and a slight leucopenia in another upon the administration of CRMN.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders].

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1987

[Pathomorphological picture of various internal organs of rats after long-term exposure to toxic substances in raw coke gas].

The authors carried out morphological evaluation of a long-term action of toxic substances at low concentrations (about 1 NDS), contained in raw coke oven gas, i.e. gases: CO, H2S, SO2, NH3 and benzene, as well as dusts containing: C, SiO2, Pb and Cd on the liver and kidneys of three-month old male rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were exposed to the above toxic substances in an experimental chamber for 24 hr, and for 8 hr every day during 12 and 18 months. It was found that pathogenic action of the substances contained in raw coke oven gas was not the total action of all chemical components, but their complicated resultant. Significant differences in the intensity of morphological changes in lungs were observed between rats exposed for 8 hr ans 24 hr/day, in favour of the former. Such a relationship was not observed between 12 and 18 month exposition. Besides the catarrh of the air passages and cellular-fibrous changes in pulmonary alveoli, focal metaplasia of cells of bronchial epithelium was observed, which suggested the possibility of carcinogenic action of coke oven gases and dusts. No distinct morphological differences were found in the liver and kidneys between 8 and 24 hr exposition, whereas great differences were found between 12 and 18 months exposition. Chronic interstitial pyelitis was observed in kidneys after 18 month exposition.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis: a urinary diversion procedure in dogs.

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis for diversion of urine into the colon was performed in 12 clinically normal dogs and in 10 incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra. Dogs were studied from 1 to 30 months after surgery. The surgical procedure was technically satisfactory. Fifteen of 22 dogs were studied with intravenous urography, and only 1 case of hydronephrosis was found. Pyelitis was a common histopathologic finding in both groups of dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in 30% of dogs, regardless of duration of anastomosis. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in all dogs studied, but renal failure was infrequent. Values for blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus were elevated due to intestinal recycling of nitrogenous products and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances were not a problem, but gastrointestinal disturbances developed in 3 of the 10 diseased dogs. Six of 10 diseased dogs survived from 9 months to more than 3 years. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis appears to be a satisfactory salvage procedure for incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra that do not respond to other forms of therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1971

Microfilaruria in onchocerciasis. A clinical and epidemiological follow-up study in the Republic of Chad.

Microfilariae of O. volvulus were recovered from the urine of 11% of the residents of a village in the Republic of Chad where onchocerciasis was holoendemic. A follow-up study of the same population 3 years after the original investigation revealed that microfilaruria was still present and that living microfilariae of O. volvulus could be recovered from small urine samples obtained by high catherization of the ureters. Radiological changes consistent with chronic pyelitis were found in 4 out of 14 persons with microfilaruria who were examined by retrograde pyelography. The recovery of microfilariae in the urine was associated with the intensity of the infection, as determined by counts of microfilariae in skin snips and the number of onchocercomata. A systematic comparison for differences between onchocerciasis patients with and without microfilaruria revealed that the microfilaruria patients had a low weight: height ratio, deficient antibody responses in indirect haemagglutination tests with O. volvulus antigen, elevated serum aminotransferase levels, and reduced systolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 (a new longacting granule of cephalexin) in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 were made, and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty pediatric patients with various types of infections such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelitis, lymphadenitis colli and pyodermia were treated with S-6437 at the daily dosage of 50 mg/kg orally, the clinical effectiveness was 89.3%. 2. The peak blood level of cephalexin after a single oral administration (25 mg/kg) was observed after 4 hours and the average peak blood level of 10 cases was 7.4 microgram/ml. 3. The average urinary excretion rate of 5 cases was 71.2%. 4. Mild side effects were noticed in a few cases.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1976

[Pathology of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].

Introduction of specific chemotherapy and vaccination leads to a remarkable recession of renal tuberculosis in the younger age group. Renal tuberculosis is the result of a haematogenous spread of tubercle bacillus. Haematogenous spreading occurs immediately after primary infection, or, in elderly patients, in combination with recurrency of tuberculous foci in lungs and hilar-lymphnodes. Simultaneous metastasis in the skeleton, especially in the vertebrae, are observed in 30%. The incubation period between tuberculous spread and clinical manifestation of renal tuberculosis lasts several years, in the average 5-8 years, for calcareous kidneys it may last as long as 20 years and more, for tuberculous pyelitis only a few months. Today it is possible to treat renal tuberculosis with drugs (Streptomycin, PAS and INH). In 13% the cicatrisation is combined with obstruction of calices and partial hydronephrosis, in 7% with obstruction of the ureter and total hydronephrosis. Early chemotherapy may prevent the development of tuberculous hydronephrosis.

Aged↗