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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Infection control in practice. Infection control--peer review.

There is increasing public and government concern about the risks of transmission of diseases in dentistry. This can be addressed by implementing a voluntary self regulatory infection control assessment process. Such a system (AMADA Quality Management) has been developed and implemented in South Australia and has eased the pressure on the Government to legislate for the establishment of minimum infection control standards for the dental profession. Control of these issues has remained with the profession an the standards achieved have been high and sustainable.

Australia↗
PubMed1997

The risks and challenges of surgical glove failure.

The relationship between infection control standards and surgical gloving practices is an important issue in combating infectious disease. For their own and their patients' protection, health care personnel must rely on the barrier qualities of gloves more than ever before. Both surgical and examination gloves fail frequently, which puts health care providers and patients at risk of acquiring fluid-borne pathogens. This paper discusses current guidelines, the risk of infection by viral and bacterial pathogens, controversial issues involving gloving practices, and recommendations to improve infection control practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Economic impact of quality control in diagnostic radiology.

With ever-increasing costs confronting health care facilities, much attention is being focused on various cost-containment projects. Although it is generally assumed that a radiology department quality control program will increase costs, institutional savings may also result. A comprehensive quality control program involving continuing education, simplification of technic, processor control, standardization of cassettes, and preventive maintenance resulted in substantial savings for a medical school radiology department.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Infection as a complication of liver transplant.

The prognosis for recipients of a liver transplant has been vastly improved by the advent of cyclosporine therapy, and the future holds even more promise with improvements in drug therapy and surgical techniques. The transition from experimental procedure to accepted clinical practice requires nursing to develop standards of care to promote quality care in transplant nursing. With postoperative infection identified as a major cause of mortality for this patient group, nurses will be expected to be skillful in assessing and monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection. Nurses will also need to understand what is involved in the clinical diagnosis of infection, the role of immunosuppressive drug therapy, and the laboratory findings that predispose or herald infection. Infection control standards and methods to manage the risk of infection are appropriate areas of research for critical care nursing and hold the potential for improved patient outcomes for this vulnerable group of transplant patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Method for quality control of laboratory tests using histograms of daily patient data.

A method for controlling the quality of laboratory tests is proposed. Histograms of patients' daily results which fall within reference ranges of healthy individuals are used for estimating accuracy and precision of measurements. For the determination of accuracy, three methods are evaluated; computing an average of patients' results; determining the location of the peak of the histogram; approximating the histogram by an Erland distribution and determining the peak of the distribution. For precision control, standard deviations are calculated from patient data. We applied these methods to serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT) and total cholesterol of patients in a general hospital. Averages, peaks of approximated Erland distribution, and standard deviations were found to be useful to daily quality control in laboratories of large hospitals.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1991

[Status quo and prospects of oral liquid prepared from Chinese drugs].

This paper reviews the rise of oral liquids and their preparations, control standards, pharmacological research and clinical pharmacy, etc. On the basis of investigation, an overall discussion is given in respect to product variety and sale, pharmaceutical research and development, and social benefit from new products, so as to highlight the merits of Chinese medicinal materials.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2026

Seed-derived mucilage polysaccharides as biomaterials for in vivo tissue regeneration: A systematic review.

Chronic wounds, bone defects, and cartilage injuries represent persistent clinical challenges requiring biomaterial platforms that actively regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Conventional synthetic dressings often provide limited biological activity in these contexts. Seed-derived mucilages - polysaccharide-rich hydrocolloids obtained from chia (Salvia hispanica), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), psyllium (Plantago ovata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), quince (Cydonia oblonga) etc. - have emerged as biocompatible, biodegradable, and chemically versatile platforms for tissue engineering. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized in vivo evidence on seed-derived mucilage-based biomaterials across wound healing, bone repair, cartilage regeneration, and related applications. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for original in vivo experimental studies published in English between 2020 and 2026. Eligible studies reported at least one measurable regenerative outcome. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Forty-three studies were included. Hydrogels were the dominant biomaterial format, followed by films, scaffolds, sponges, nanoparticle systems, and bilayer or Janus composites. Included systems generally improved wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory regulation. However, most studies used small animals with short follow-up periods, and many incorporated nanoparticles or bioactive agents, limiting attribution of efficacy to the mucilage matrix alone. Risk of bias was predominantly unclear due to insufficient reporting of randomization and blinding. Blank mucilage controls, standardized characterization, long-term biosafety data, and clinically relevant models are essential prerequisites for translational progress.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Formulae for maximum valid dilution.

The preparation of test specimens using the MVD calculation represents a reasonable approach to equating the sensitivity of the in vitro and in vivo tests for endotoxin. Labeling of LAL reagents and control standard endotoxins are a point of confusion for the parenterals industry. Government and reagent suppliers must work together expeditiously to provide test materials that are explicitly labeled as to reactivity in EU/ml and ng/ml. The relatively greater reactivity of LAL reagent to environmental endotoxin than the rabbit bioassay provides a greater margin of safety for the in vitro approach than previously anticipated, and suggests that rabbit retest of LAL failures may be appropriate for specific products.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cholesterol screening: comparative evaluation of on-site and laboratory-based measurements.

We measured cholesterol in capillary blood samples from 9683 volunteers over a four-day on-site community screening program, using the "Reflotron" desk-top analyzer (Boehringer-Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). We also measured cholesterol in venous blood samples from 3% of those screened (a) with the Reflotron at the screening sites, (b) in a qualified hospital clinical laboratory, and (c) in a Centers for Disease Control standardized lipoprotein research laboratory. The sensitivity (and specificity) of the Reflotron measurements, with use of the lipoprotein laboratory measurements as the point of reference, was 0.95 (0.73) in capillary blood samples and 0.88 (0.93) in venous blood samples, compared with 0.99 (0.87) in the hospital clinical laboratory. The Reflotron measurements correlated less well with the lipoprotein laboratory values in both venous blood (r = 0.91) and capillary blood (r = 0.89) samples than did the clinical laboratory values (r greater than 0.99). Furthermore, the capillary blood measurements averaged 7% higher than venous measurements when both kinds of samples were analyzed in the Reflotron.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

SETOR: hardware-lighted three-dimensional solid model representations of macromolecules.

SETOR is designed to exploit the hardware lighting capabilities of the IRIS-4D series graphics workstations to render high-quality raster images of macromolecules that can undergo rotation and translation interactively. SETOR can render standard all-atom and backbone models of proteins or nucleic acids, but focuses on displaying protein molecules by highlighting elements of secondary structure. The program has a very friendly user interface that minimizes the number of input files by allowing the user to interactively edit parameters, such as colors, lighting coefficients, and descriptions of secondary structure via mouse activated dialogue boxes. The choice of polymer chain representation can be varied from standard vector models and van der Waal models, to a B-spline fit of polymer backbones that yields a smooth ribbon that approximates the polymer chain, to strict Cardinal splines that interpolate the smoothest curve possible that will precisely follow the polymer chain. The program provides a photograph mode, save/restore facilities, and efficient generation of symmetry-related molecules and packing diagrams. Additionally, SETOR is designed to accept commands and model coordinates from the standard input stream, and to control standard output. Ancillary programs provide a method to interactively edit hardcopy plots of all vector and many solid models generated by SETOR, and to produce standard HPGL or PostScript files. Examples of figures rendered by SETOR of a number of macromolecules of various classes are presented.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1988

Infection control in the Department of Nuclear Medicine.

Concern about the spread of infections in the hospital setting has prompted regulatory agencies to mandate infection control standards. Each hospital department is required to have written policies and procedures which describe measures to prevent and control the spread of nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infections), along with quality assurance programs to assure that procedures are followed. The Department of Nuclear Medicine, as other departments, should have procedures which address special precautions for the prevention of nosocomial infections. This article will focus on a new approach to prevent nosocomial infections, guidelines for handling patients and contaminated equipment, and the importance of quality assurance activities to monitor compliance to established standards. An opening discussion on the routes of transmission, and factors necessary for transmission of infection, will serve as a review to assist with understanding the concept for handling the hospitalized patient in a Nuclear Medicine setting.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The advent of clinical standards for professional liability.

The development of clinically based written standards to reduce the frequency and severity of medical malpractice loss appears to be gaining in popularity among provider specialty groups and professional liability underwriters. To date, such standards have addressed problems in specialties such as obstetrics and anesthesia where dollar losses associated with malpractice claims have been high. Guidelines can be developed and used by providers on a purely voluntary basis or mandated on an involuntary basis by third parties such as malpractice insurance companies or legislators. Because the advent of risk-control standards is a relatively new phenomenon, formal scientific studies on the long-term benefits of such guidelines have not yet been published. However, it appears that sharp reductions of malpractice losses in specialties such as anesthesia have coincided with the implementation of formal written standards specifically designed for liability control. This has led some liability insurance carriers to decrease premiums associated with specialists following such standards. Many providers are understandably concerned about the potential use of written standards by plaintiff attorneys in medical malpractice suits. Although it is possible that such policies and guidelines could be admitted into evidence to show that a provider breached the legal duty or standard of care owed to a patient, it is uncertain whether these risk-control standards could ultimately pass the evidentiary rules of relevancy or materiality in a given lawsuit. It is clear, however, that the consensus-based process of creating clinical standards and guidelines specifically for controlling professional liability losses is itself a powerful and emerging standard for health care risk management programs.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations was founded in 1951 as a private, not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits hospitals and other healthcare organizations. In 1987, the JCAHO launched its Agenda for Change to create a more modern and sophisticated accreditation process to place primary emphasis on actual performance. Coincident with this new emphasis, a number of task forces were established, including two for infection control standards.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Joint Commission perspective: using standards and indicators to monitor performance.

Two activities are concurrently underway at the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations: revision of standards for "Infection Control" which will continue to be used for the survey of hospitals development of the "Agenda for Change", a progress report on an extensive research and development project which is expected to use several infection control-related topics in the development of hospital-wide clinical indicators. This article outlines the Joint Commission's scope of services, and discusses the proposed new infection control standards and the topics to be pilot-tested for potential use as hospital-wide clinical indicators. The initiatives defined in the Agenda for Change, which involve several programmatic changes and modifications in the standards and survey procedures for the 1990s, are also addressed.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1978

[Problems in production, control and utilization of veterinary vaccines in the developing countries].

For a whole series of reasons, most of which are political, the developing countries are following a policy of national self-sufficiency in veterinary vaccines. They are faced with problems at various levels: (1) at the level of logistic distribution, the developing countries suffer from a shortage of trained personnel, frequently lacking in enthusiasm, an often chronic shortage of funds; poorly equipped premises; poor maintenance of sophisticated but indispensable equipment (e.g. freeze-driers); a lack of facilities for cold storage and of distribution channels; field personnel with limited experience; (2) at the level of production, they must contend with difficulties in obtaining supplies of flasks and glassware; irregular supplies of water and electricity; difficulties in obtaining susceptible animals for quality control. The developing countries have found basically pragmatic solutions to these problems, such as the strict separation of the sites, materials and personnel involved in routine diagnosis and those involved in production; temporary foreign technical assistance, with or without financial aid; the use of simple, unsophisticated techniques, which are known to be reliable, even if somewhat outdated; manufacturing in bulk in multiple-dose bottles; research into the thermostabilisation of vaccine strains and the development of thermoprotective diluents for freeze-drying and reconstitution; the extensive use of combined vaccines; the establishment of production and control standards under the auspices of the WHO/FAO/OIE. In spite of these obstacles, the cost price is particularly low (from 0.20 to 0.35 francs per dose), which compares favourably with that of foreign private industry.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of the quality of water in Limulus Amebocyte Lysate tests.

Commercial pharmaceutical waters were evaluated regarding their interference in the chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test. Two of the four tested waters strongly inhibited the U.S. Reference Standard Endotoxin, while a Control Standard Endotoxin was less affected. The inhibitory effect could be mimiced by adding trace amounts of certain metal ions to a non-interfering water. In conclusion, the water used in the LAL test must be chosen with great care.

Endotoxins↗