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PubMed1984

The monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in man: a quantitative evaluation of the pathway by the use of turnover rate techniques.

These studies were performed to evaluate the quantitative role of monodeiodination in the peripheral metabolism of T3 and rT3 in man. As a prerequisite step, the serum concentrations of two diiodothyronines (T2s), 3,5-T2 and 3',5'-T2, were established by specific RIAs. In 20 normal subjects, mean (+/- SEM) serum concentrations of 3,5-T2 and 3',5'-T2 were 0.40 +/- 0.18 and 2.07 +/- 0.13 ng/dl, respectively. The mean concentrations of both T2s were significantly increased in hyperthyroidism. In primary hypothyroidism, the mean 3,5-T2 concentration was not significantly different from normal, but 3',5'-T2 concentrations were undetectable in the majority of subjects. In the first experiments, the MCRs of rT3 and all three T2s were derived by the constant infusion method. Seven normal subjects were infused simultaneously with the three 125I-labeled T2s for 12 h, and in four of the subjects, [131I]rT3 was also administered. The MCRs (liters/day . 70 kg; mean +/- SEM) were: rT3, 130 +/- 17; 3,5-T2, 168 +/- 15; 3,3'-T2, 621 +/- 84; and 3',5'-T2, 305 +/- 45. The daily production rates (PR; micrograms per day/70 kg; mean +/- SEM) were: rT3, 29.1 +/- 1.0; 3,5-T2, 0.6 +/- 0.1; 3,3'-T2, 20.8 +/- 4.1; and 3',5'-T2, 5.7 +/- 2.1. In the four subjects who received [131I]rT3, the serum T2 concentrations and PRs were also derived by turnover rate techniques. At equilibrium, 2.0 +/- 0.7% and 6.0 +/- 1.6% of [131I] rT3 were found as [131I]3,3'-T2 and [131I]3',5'-T2, respectively. The serum T2 concentrations were derived by the product of these percentages and the serum rT3 concentrations and compared with those obtained by T2 RIA. The serum 3',5'-T2 concentration was 1.3 +/- 0.4 ng/dl (tracer), and its PR was 3.4 +/- 1.1 micrograms/day (tracer); these values were closely correlated with those obtained by RIA. Serum 3,3'-T2 concentrations were 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/dl (tracer) and 2.7 +/- 0.4 ng/dl (RIA), and the PRs were 3.2 +/- 1.6 micrograms/day (tracer) and 20.3 +/- 5.7 micrograms/day (RIA), indicating that rT3 5'-deiodination contributes only a small proportion of serum 3,3'-T2 and its PR. An analysis of the rT3 PR and the 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 PRs derived from the turnover of rT3 revealed that 28% of the rT3 produced was degraded by monodeiodination. Of this total, 49% of the deiodination occurred at the 5' position and 51% occurred at the 5 position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Chemical Precipitation↗

PubMed1978

Quantitative evaluation of myocardial ultrastructure following hypothermic anoxic arrest.

Thirty-six anesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to systemic hypothermia and anoxic cardiac arrest while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial fine structure in the left ventricle was evaluated by quantitative analysis in the subepicardial, mid-myocardial, and subendocardial layers. The specimens were obtained by a transmural myocardial biopsy method. Graded hypothermia was employed at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, 25 degrees, and 22 degrees C. The aorta was cross-clamped for 30 minutes at 36 degrees, 30 degrees, 28 degrees, and 25 degrees C. or for 45 minutes at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. Observations indicated that pathological changes of the myocardial fine structure were significant after anoxic arrest in the normothermic group. Lesions were most extensive in the subendocardial layer after normothermic anoxic arrest, whereas hypothermia below 30 degrees C. preserved the myocardium throughout all layers without difference in pathological changes in the fine structure among the layers. Mitochondria and glycogen granules in the mid-myocardial layer and the subendocardial layer were best preserved with hypothermia at 25 degrees and 22 degrees C. after 30 minutes or 45 minutes of anoxic arrest, and dogs in these groups had a survival rate of 100 percent. Quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes induced in these experiments suggest that a safe duration of anoxic arrest at 22 degrees to 25 degrees C. is between 30 and 45 minutes.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Usefulness of word table for the quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold in children's olfactometry.

In the quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold in smell test, the influences of subjects' age, intelligence, and experience are unavoidable in expressing the nature of smell, especially in children. In order to avoid such individual differences, a word table has been designed in our clinic. In this study, we employed a word table for children's quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold, and found that T & T olfactometry performed with use of a word table showed a greater reliability compared to the test without use of a word table. The use of a word table for children's olfactometry is also considered to be an easily administered procedure.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on isoprenaline-induced myocardial lesions. 1. Quantitative evaluation by mercurascan uptake.

For the quantitative evaluation of myocardial damage induced by isoprenaline (ISO) a method based on the uptake of 203Hg-labelled Mercurascan (MSC) in the heart was used. The increase of myocardial uptake of MSC in ISO-treated rats over control values was very rapid and might be directly proportional to the number of damaged myocardial cells actually present in the heart. MSC-uptake method of myocardial damage evaluation was more sensitive and precise than other methods tested (macroscopic evaluation according to Rona, increase of heart weight). Different modifications of MSC-uptake test may be selected in relation to experimental conditions. MSC test is especially useful for evaluation of early myocardial lesions induced by small doses of ISO (0.01 mg/kg).

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Antimuscarinic effects of antihistamines: quantitative evaluation by receptor-binding assay.

Quantitative evaluation of antimuscarinic effects of antihistamines (H1- and H2-receptor antagonists) was carried out using a receptor-binding assay. The -inhibition constants (Ki values) of twenty seven H1-receptor antagonists, one related antidepressant and three H2-receptor antagonists at H1-receptors and muscarinic receptors in the bovine cerebral cortex were determined. All the H2-receptor antagonists examined showed very low affinity for the muscarinic receptors. On the other hand, some H1-receptor antagonists (mequitazine, cyproheptazine, clemastine, diphenylpyraline, promethazine, homochlorcyclizine and alimemazine) had high affinity for the muscarinic receptors (Ki = 5.0-38 nM). Another group of H1-receptor antagonists (mepyramine, terfenadine, metapyrilen, azelastine, hydroxyzine and meclizine) had low affinity for the muscarinic receptors (Ki = 3,600-30,000 nM). Thus, a broad range of antimuscarinic potencies among the antihistamines was demonstrated. These results should provide helpful information with regard to the clinical and experimental use of antihistamines.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[The standard to indicate operations for esophageal cancer based upon quantitative evaluation of physical conditions].

Based upon quantitative evaluation of the physical conditions, we had established the standard to indicate operations for esophageal cancer. The standard consisted of functions of important organs, organ function index and host defense index. In the present study, operative death was estimated by applying the standard. Retrospective study was performed in 35 resected patients from 1981 to 1985 while prospective study was in 24 resected patients from 1986 to 1987. Operative methods were classified into three levels according to operative stress: One stage, two stages and no operation. The estimation of operative death was done on the assumption that the patient dies if performed operation is over one level more excessive than operation indicated by the standard. Retrospective study showed that 9 of 10 patients with operative death and 24 of 25 without it were estimated, percent of cases correctly estimated being 94.3%. Prospective study also revealed that all of two patients with operative death and 19 of 22 without it were predicted, the percent being 87.5%. From these results, we may conclude that the standard is useful to indicate operations for esophageal cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2000

[Quantitative evaluation of dyspnea and the effects of M-receptor antagonist on dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the method of quantitative evaluation of dyspnea and to investigate the effects of M-receptor antagonist inhalation on dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during exercise. METHODS: Cycle exercise test was used in 27 patients with COPD and the effects of ipratropium bromide, a M-receptor antagonist, by inhalation on dyspnea and exercise capacity in the patients were observed. RESULTS: (1) Dyspnea index as Borg scale was closely correlated with oxygen uptake (V(O2)) during exercise in all the patients. Three variables for quantitative evaluation of dyspnea could be derived from the linear regression line. They were Borg scale slope (BSS), threshold load of dyspnea (TLD), and breakpoint load of dyspnea(BLD). (2) BSS was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (r = -0.519, P < 0.01) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (r = -0.497, P < 0.01) but positively correlated with residual volume/total lung capacity (r = 0.396, P < 0.05). (3) Inhalation of ipratropium bromide could significantly improve BSS [from (12.09 +/- 3.41) BS x L(-1) x min(-1) to (8.57 +/- 2.79) BS x L(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01] and BLD [from (0.77 +/- 0.19) L/min to (0.81 +/- 0.14) L/min, P < 0.05] during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: (1) BSS, TLD and BLD could be used as reliable and convenient variables in quantitative evaluation of dyspnea in patients with COPD. BSS and BLD could to some extent reflect the severity of the disease. (2) M-receptor antagonists could alleviate dyspnea and increase exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

An effective method for quantitative evaluation of proteins adsorbed on biomaterial surfaces.

An effective method for the quantitative evaluation of proteins adsorbed on biomaterial surfaces has been developed. First, the kinetic behavior of a range of human fibrinogen (Fib) adsorbed onto polystyrene (PS) films was investigated by using a reflectometry interference spectroscopy setup. The specific molecular number of adsorbed proteins, N(p,) was then defined. According to the definition, the numbers of Fib molecules adsorbed on PS films were calculated. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to scan the lateral distribution of the Fib molecules adsorbed on the PS films. From the AFM images, the practical specific molecular numbers were obtained by direct counting of the molecules. In order that the adsorbed number of Fib molecules on a unit area of the PS films could be counted easily, the solution concentration of proteins was reduced to 5 ag/mL (10(-18)g/mL). There was good consistency between the numbers calculated with the formula defined by us and the numbers counted from AFM images. Therefore, the results of the present study prove the validity of our definition of the specific molecular number of adsorbed proteins and the effectiveness of the reflectometry interference spectroscopy-based method for quantitative evaluation of adsorptive proteins.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1991

[Quantitative evaluation of acute myocardial infarction by In-111 antimyosin Fab myocardial imaging].

For quantitative evaluation of acute myocardial infarction, In-111 antimyosin Fab myocardial imaging (InAM) was performed in 17 patients with myocardial infarction who underwent Tl-201 (TL) and Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PYP) myocardial imaging in acute phase. For calculating the infarct size, voxel counter method was used for analysis in PYP and InAM, and extent and severity score were used on bull's-eye polar map in TL. The most appropriate cut-off level ranged from 65 to 80% by the fundamental experiment using cardiac phantom. The cut-off level of 0.70 (InAM) and 0.65 (PYP) were used for clinical application of voxel counter analysis. The infarct size calculated by InAM and PYP was compared with wall motion abnormality index by echocardiography (WMAI), TL extent score, TL severity score, peak CK and sigma CK. Infarct size by InAM showed the following correlations with other indices. PYP: r = 0.26 (ns), TL extent score: r = 0.72 (p less than 0.01), TL severity score: r = 0.65 (p less than 0.05), WMAI: r = 0.69 (p less than 0.05). The infarct size by PYP did not show any correlations with these indices. Therefore, the infarct size by InAM showed better correlations with TL and WMAI than that of PYP. So InAM was considered superior to PYP for quantitative evaluation of acute myocardial infarction.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Characterization of hyperechoic focal liver lesions: quantitative evaluation with pulse inversion harmonic imaging in the late phase of levovist.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate hyperechoic focal liver lesions with pulse inversion harmonic imaging in the late phase of SH U 508A (Levovist; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) and to determine whether quantitative evaluation improves the characterization of the lesions. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with hyperechoic liver lesions were enrolled in this study. Pulse inversion harmonic imaging was performed before and after administration of Levovist. Scan data were digitally stored, and each lesion was analyzed with a personal computer-based quantification package. All lesions were confirmed by histologic or triphasic spiral computed tomographic examinations. The intensity was measured in decibels in regions of interest drawn within the lesion and surrounding liver parenchyma. The lesion-liver ratios were than calculated. After contrast agent administration, a ratio equal to or greater than 1 was presumed benign, whereas a ratio of less than 1 was considered malignant. RESULTS: Nine malignant (7 metastases, 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1 cholangiocarcinoma) and 17 benign (14 hemangioma, 1 focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 focal fatty change, and 1 inflammatory pseudotumor) hyperechoic lesions were quantitatively evaluated. All malignant (n = 9) and 2 benign lesions (1 hemangioma and 1 inflammatory pseudotumor) had ratios of less than 1. In 15 of 17 benign lesions, the ratios were equal to or greater than 1. The intensity ratios calculated for benign and malignant lesions showed a statistically significant difference (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulse inversion harmonic imaging with quantitative evaluation facilitates the differential diagnosis of hyperechoic focal liver lesions. A lesion-liver ratio equal to or greater than 1 predicts a benign nature, assuming that malignant lesions show a ratio of less than 1.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The gap between back pain patients' prior knowledge and scientific knowledge and its evolution after a back school teaching programme: a quantitative evaluation.

This study presents a method for quantitative evaluation of the congruence between patients' representations and teachers' scientific knowledge, which is used as the standard of assessment. First, the patients' knowledge and the teachers' scientific concepts before a back school (BS) programme were compared (T0). Then the evolution of patients' knowledge at 1 month (T1) and 1 year (T2) after the teaching was evaluated. Patients' knowledge was assessed blind by a multidisciplinary panel of nine independent judges. Mean scores were computed for each set of data (T0,T1,T2); these scores were then submitted to an analysis of variance. The results showed an important gap between patients and teachers before BS with an improvement after the teaching. Knowledge referring to know-how and/or attitudes evolved differently when compared to theoretical knowledge.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Monocytes and human renal glomerular disease: a quantitative evaluation.

Human renal biopsies (n = 177) were quantitatively evaluated by histochemical means (alpha-naphthyl acetate for nonspecific esterase) for the presence of monocytes within glomerular tufts (excluding crescents). The number of monocytes per glomerulus was counted to obtain the nonspecific esterase index. Histologic, electron microscopic, and direct immunofluorescent features were analyzed. Cases were grouped according to whether intraglomerular electron-dense deposits were present and, if so, their predominant position. Five groups were obtained: group I, subendothelial (39 biopsies); group II, mesangial (24 biopsies); group III, subepithelial (22 biopsies); group IV, intramembranous (2 biopsies); and group V, no detectable deposits (90 biopsies). For each group, the mean nonspecific esterase index was determined: I = 2.0, II = 0.28, III = 0.26, IV = 0.08, and V = 0.13. Group I was subdivided on the basis of whether extensive mesangiocapillary change was present or not. The mean nonspecific esterase index for the group I biopsies without mesangiocapillary change was 2.5, which was significantly higher than the scores for biopsies with mesangiocapillary change (0.2) and those from the other groups (p < 0.01). The results indicate an association between relatively high levels of intraglomerular monocytic infiltration and diseases characterized by having electron-dense immune deposits predominantly in the subendothelial position without extensive mesangiocapillary change. Diseases with predominantly subepithelial, mesangial, intramembranous, or no detectable deposits generally showed low numbers of intraglomerular monocytes.

Esterases↗

PubMed1981

Quantitative evaluation of neutrophilic chemotaxis in beagles.

A quantitative evaluation of neutrophilic chemotaxis was performed, using neutrophils from 12 healthy Beagles. Dextran sedimentation, differential centrifugation, and hypotonic lysis allowed separation of a neutrophil-rich cell suspension. Chemotaxis was studied, using blind-well chambers with 3-micrometers (APD) polycarbonate filters. A frozen (-80 C) bank of pooled normal canine serum was used as the chemotactant, and the chemotactant properties of the serum were destroyed by heat inactivation at 56 C for 30 minutes. Based on membrane and lower blind-well chamber solution neutrophil counts, a method was devised to distinguish between normal neutrophilic chemotaxis, normal neutrophilic chemotaxis with decreased neutrophilic adherence, and defective neutrophilic chemotaxis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative evaluation of coronary arterial stenosis using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography: preliminary evaluation of phantom study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to consider the possibility of quantitative evaluation of coronary arterial stenosis by using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS: Simulated coronary arteries were prepared, which consist of 5-mm-diameter acryl tubes with contrast media (270 HU). Simulated stenoses of known density (-33 HU) were created in each coronary artery (25%, 50%, and 75%). Cardiac pulsating with 0, 50, 65, 85, and 105 beats per minute (bpm) was performed. Multiplanar reformation images for each coronary artery were created. Percent stenosis was calculated using the width middle value of boundary part of the arteries. RESULTS: The stenoses were depicted in all heart rates. Average percent stenosis +/- standard deviation was 27.4 +/- 3.6%, 45.8 +/- 2.6%, and 69.4 +/- 2.7%, respectively. For each percent stenosis, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sixteen-slice MDCT has a potential for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of stenosis in coronary arteries.

Coronary Stenosis↗

PubMed1987

[Study of quantitative evaluation of liver volume and accumulation rate of radioactive agent with single photon emission computed tomography].

The quantitative evaluation on measurement of liver volume and the hepatic accumulation rate of the radioactive agent were studied with respect to body constitution, background activity and splenic consumption rate, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The optical cut-off level for liver volume determination was proved to be reasonable as 35%. The background less than 5% had no influence to their clinical estimation with the error of less than 1.6%. The estimation of liver volume was mostly influenced by the splenic activity. When the splenic activity was increased two times of the hepatic activity, the liver volume was determined as 4.2% larger. Calculated counts by SPECT was well correlated with the hepatic activity. This study proved that SPECT was useful for the quantitative evaluation of the liver volume and the hepatic accumulation rate.

Background Radiation↗

PubMed1993

[Quantitative evaluation of aortic valve insufficiency in magnetic resonance tomography].

Flow-encoded magnetic resonance (MR) sequences allow the quantitative evaluation of blood flow in any plane of the heart and vessels. For the first time, ejection and regurgitation volumes of the left ventricle in the ascending aorta can be measured noninvasively. Thus, the regurgitation fraction as a reliable measure of aortic valve insufficiency can be determined. The quantitative evaluation of aortic valve insufficiency was done by MR in comparison to ultrasound-Doppler and, in some cases, in comparison to heart catheterization. A good correlation of grading aortic valve insufficiency by the new MR-technique in comparison to clinical graduation is shown. The development of a new noninvasive standard for quantification of aortic valve insufficiency seems possible.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Quantitative evaluation of the focus range of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application of quantitative evaluation of the focus range of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JO-RRP). METHOD: Disease severity was scored as the sum of ratings of 1 (minimal), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe) for involvement of 22 areas of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. Sixty-eight cases with JO-RRP patients underwent 238 procedures were removed papillomas. A Storz laryngoscope was used to exposed and suspend the larynx, and an endoscope video system was used to display the pathological changes. RESULT: The score of these cases range from 2 to 20, most of them range from 7 to 14. Papillomas were found in the larynx in each case, vocal cords and false vocal cords were the most common places involved. Nose, pharynx, hard palate, lung or esophagus involved was seldom found. The score declined as the patients underwent more procedures. It is in accord with the clinical characteristic of JO-RRP. CONCLUSION: We concluded that our means of JO-RRP focus range quantitative evaluation could evaluate the severity and clinical curative effect objectively. It was a scientific and convenient way, and worth to be generalized.

Child↗

PubMed2003

A study of volumetric visualization and quantitative evaluation of bone trabeculae in helical CT.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of quantitative evaluation of bone trabeculae by helical CT. METHODS: Ten specimens of human cadaver mandibular condyles were examined using both micro-CT and helical CT, and volume rendered three-dimensional (3D) images were obtained from the CT data. Micro-CT was used as the reference standard. From the micro-CT data images, bone trabeculae in each condyle were extracted by image processing and their volumes were calculated automatically. From the helical CT data images, the cortical bone was manually removed and bone trabeculae in each condyle were extracted using opacity curve and colour mapping thresholds. The optimal cut-off CT value that resulted in a similar volume of bone trabeculae obtained from helical CT and micro-CT data was investigated. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off CT value to assess the volume of bone trabeculae accurately on 3D images obtained with helical CT data was found to be 200 Hounsfield units. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that quantitative evaluation of bone trabeculae using helical CT might be a valid and useful method.

Aged↗