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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Treatment decision-making at the end of life: a survey of Australian doctors' attitudes towards patients' wishes and euthanasia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors that influence medical practitioners' treatment decisions for patients with life-threatening or terminal illnesses. DESIGN: Postal survey, conducted between September and November 1995, of a self-administered questionnaire, describing four clinical case scenarios, to a random sample of 2172 Australian doctors in all States and Territories. Respondents were asked to prescribe treatment for the patients described in the scenarios. Patients' characteristics varied in terms of mental competence, illness severity, prognosis, the presence of advance directives, request for assisted death, and sociodemographic factors. The respondents' sociodemographic and medical training characteristics were also obtained. SETTING: Random national sample of all active medical practitioners. PARTICIPANTS: Hospital trainees, general practitioners, physicians, palliative care practitioners and surgeons were surveyed. A response rate of 73% was achieved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of prescription of supportive, acute or intensive treatment for patients in the four clinical scenarios based on respondents' sex, religion, medical training and country of medical degree. RESULTS: Three main findings were: (i) doctors did not make consistent decisions, but their decisions varied systematically by sociodemographic and medical training factors; (ii) doctors generally adhered to patient and family wishes when these were known; (iii) doctors did not generally adhere to a patient's request for assisted death. CONCLUSION: Treatment provided is significantly determined by the individual characteristics of the doctor and not solely by the nature of the medical problem. Participation in the informed-consent process and in the preparation of advance health care directives would enable practitioners to be familiar with patient and family wishes and could reduce variations of treatment related to sociodemographic and medical training factors. Stronger empirical data on the way that treatment decisions are made could provide the basis for an informed euthanasia policy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

The Melbourne colorectal cancer study: incidence findings by age, sex, site, migrants and religion.

During a 12-month period, age, sex, site, country of birth and religion data were obtained on all new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Melbourne (population 2.8 million) yielding 1150 cases, this being the incidence study arm of a large-scale epidemiological and clinico-pathological investigation of CRC in Melbourne. The age, sex, site and subsite findings had, as expected, the characteristics of a high-risk population for CRC. Unexpectedly, rectal cancer rates were some of the highest recorded in the world. Incidence was greater in males than in females except for colon cancer between ages 35 and 58 where there was a female excess. There was an increasing male to female ratio from caecum to rectum and the crossover age to male excess had a monotonic pattern as it became younger from caecum to rectum. This site and subsite sex pattern may represent an aetiological difference and warrants further study. The data on first generation migrants supported the concept that with migration from low-risk to high-risk countries for CRC, such as Australia, there is a transition of rates towards the risk levels of the new country. Migrant rates for CRC were lower for each subsite than in the Australian born, but became closer to the Australian rate the further the distance down the bowel. Jews had rates nearly double those of the Melbourne population, a hitherto unreported finding in Australia. The possible causes of the very high rectal rates, the transition in migrant rates and the high Jewish rate will be reported in the case-control arm of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The epidemiology of problem drinking in Butajira, Ethiopia.

In order to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of problem drinking, a total of 10,468 persons aged 15 and above, most residing in a rural district, were interviewed using the CAGE questionnaire as an important element of a general mental health survey. Twenty-three per cent of the respondents admitted that they currently drank alcohol. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 15% for women and 36% for men. Among those who drank, 16% met the criterion for problem drinking as defined by two or more positive responses to the CAGE. The overall prevalence for problem drinking was found to be 3.7%. Stratified analysis for sex showed that Christian religion, male sex, being ethnically non-Gurage, and smoking were strongly associated with problem drinking in both sexes. Marital status, mental distress and income were found to be associated factors with problem drinking only in men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Characterization of patients with a family history of colorectal cancer.

The characteristics of 702 colorectal cancer patients are described in relation to the presence of absence of a family history of colorectal cancer in near relatives. No statistically significant associations were found between those with a family history of colorectal cancer and age at detection, sex, country of birth, religion, number of cancers (single, synchronous, or metachronous), previously removed benign colorectal polyps, and adenomatous polyps found in the resection specimen. The family history rate of colorectal cancer for colon cancer cases was statistically significantly higher than for rectal cancer cases (chi 2(1) = 3.8, P = .05) and there was a gradient of decreasing risk from colon to rectum. The family history rate of colorectal cancer in parents of those who were less than 50 years old was twice that of those 50 or older (P = .07), consistent with the view that earlier age of onset is a characteristic of those with a family history of colorectal cancer. There was a statistically significantly higher family history rate of colorectal cancer in respondents who knew of the disease compared with those who did not (chi 2(1) = 5.5, P less than .05). It is unclear if this effect represents recall bias or self-selection bias. In contrast, the rates for a family history of heart disease and stroke were similar, irrespective of the respondent's knowledge of their colorectal cancer status. Thus in the Melbourne study, the family history rate of colorectal cancer was higher in colon cancer than in rectal cancer, there was a decreasing gradient of risk from colon to rectum, and a tendency for earlier age of onset of colorectal cancer in those with a history of this cancer in a parent.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Altered states of consciousness.

Medicine, sex, and religion are presented as related areas of human thought and behavior in which people traditionally have sought temporary release from daily living. In essence, these areas represent a search for altered states of consciousness. The harmful way is through drug addiction.Five common characteristics are cited for the three areas. Examples of their universality are traceable by their omnipresence and their appearance in most childhood games-especially those taking on sexual nuances-which are usually hidden from adults.If Eastern knowledge and control of bodily processes were geared to Western technology, mankind would benefit.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1979

Jejunal and ileal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiological considerations.

Twenty-nine patients with jejunal and ileal adenocarcinoma were characterized by the demographic features of age, sex, ethnic group, residence occupation, religion and associated diseases. Comparison with the over all M. D. Anderson Hospital patient population did not identify any risk factors characteristic of this cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Attitudes of medical practitioners towards abortion: a Queensland study.

Sixty-seven per cent of medical practitioners registered in Queensland responded to a survey on their attitudes to the laws relating to abortion and sterilization in that State. Of all respondents, 79 per cent wanted some degree of liberalization of abortion laws. Personal characteristics such as age, sex and religion practised (if any) were found to influence doctors' opinions. Practice characteristics also influenced opinions; general practitioners were more in favour of liberalization than were specialists, and self-employed doctors were more in favour than were doctors working in hospitals or other institutional settings.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1990

Effect on famine on child survival in Matlab, Bangladesh.

"This paper examines how the level of child mortality and rate of out-migration, and their covariates were affected during the 1974 famine and the periods immediately following the famine in Bangladesh." The authors examine several variables affecting mortality and out-migration, including socioeconomic status, sex factors, age factors, educational status, and religion. Data are from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex and dogma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗