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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Live enteroviral vaccines for the emergency nonspecific prevention of mass respiratory diseases during fall-winter epidemics of influenza and acute respiratory diseases].

The results of the 3-year controlled trials of a new method of nonspecific urgent prophylaxis of influenza and acute respiratory diseases (ADR) by immunization of healthy adults with standard live enterovirus oral vaccines, introduced in 2-3 administrations at intervals of 7-10 days, at the initial stages of autumn and winter epidemics are presented. Observations, carried out in three republics, covered more than 150,000 persons immunized with enterovirus interferonogenic vaccines. A considerable decrease in morbidity rate among the vaccinees was achieved (on the average, by 3.2 times) in comparison to that among nonimmunized subjects. The method of nonspecific prophylaxis with live enterovirus interferonogenic vaccines is recommended during outbreaks of diseases induced simultaneously by several causative agents of influenza and ARD, as well as by pathogenic enterovirus strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in patients with acute respiratory disease.

Viral respiratory infections represent a significant segment of the total respiratory disease spectrum; however, until recently the laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections was relatively inefficient. Development of new and improved immunologic assay systems has paved the way for accurate and reliable rapid diagnostic tests that detect viral antigens in clinical specimens. We conducted a careful and elaborate study in which radioimmunoassay for antigen detection was compared with a battery of tissue culture systems for viral isolation and identification. Using a fine plastic catheter, a specimen of mucus was aspirated from the nasopharynx of patients with clinical signs and symptoms of acute viral upper respiratory tract infections. Each specimen was divided into two portions; one was used to inoculate a variety of tissue culture cell lines and the other was used for radioimmunoassay tests for influenza A and B, adenovirus, parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. Radioimmunoassay results compared very favorably with the tissue culture data with only one exception--adenovirus. Essentially this degree of accuracy and reproducibility was obtained with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, which has replaced radioimmunoassay. Tissue cultures are still used for backup, but with a rapid antigen detection system in place, coupled with a modern computer program to facilitate the laboratory data to the clinician, considerable strides have been made, and will continue to be made, in the diagnosis and therapy of viral respiratory tract infections.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Upper respiratory tract is the major site of antibody production in mycoplasmal induced chronic respiratory disease.

Chronic respiratory disease in rats, resulting from Mycoplasma pulmonis infection, provides a unique opportunity to study the interactions between systemic and mucosal immune systems in a naturally occurring infection of the respiratory tract. In the present studies, an ELISPOT assay specific for the determination of numbers of anti-M, pulmonis antibody forming cells (AFC) was developed. Using this assay, the numbers of IgG, IgM, and IgA AFC in respiratory and nonrespiratory associated lymphoid tissues were determined. The lymphoid tissues associated with the upper respiratory tract, which includes nasal passages and lymph nodes which drain various portions of the upper respiratory tract, were the major site of antibody production. Antibody responses within the lung were minimal. IgM and IgA were the major antibody isotypes produced in each of the tissues examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Cohort study on respiratory diseases and lung function in schoolchildren in southwest Germany. I. study design, prevalence and incidence of respiratory diseases].

A prospective cohort study on schoolchildren was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Mannheim and the Black Forest county near Freiburg to investigate the regional differences in respiratory diseases and symptoms. Each survey included a lung function test and questions on respiratory symptoms. The response rates were high (84% averaged over the years and areas). A total of 8514 children participated in the study, 2066 children took part in two and 1486 in all three surveys. Prevalence and incidence rates of 11 respiratory and allergic diseases are reported in part 1 of the publication. In further parts, prevalence will be analysed using regression techniques and a comparison in the development of lung function between the different regions will follow. In general, prevalences of the respiratory and allergic diseases were higher for boys than girls at age 8-10. In contrast, 16 year old girls were equally affected and sometimes showed higher prevalences than boys except for asthma. 1977 and 1979 higher prevalences of respiratory symptoms were found in Mannheim compared to Freiburg. Allergic symptoms occurred more frequently in the area around Freiburg. No difference in prevalence and incidence could be demonstrated for the year 1985 between the two regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Environmental tobacco smoke as a risk factor for respiratory disease in children.

Respiratory diseases are a frequent reason for using health care. In 1995-1996, diseases of the respiratory tract (ICD 460-519) contributed seven of the top 15 reasons for visits to physician offices among children under 15 years of age in the United States. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a wide-spread environmental pollutant that has been long linked with respiratory problems. This paper will review the available literature on the role ETS plays in respiratory diseases, including asthma. This review focuses not only on the respiratory problems caused by ETS, but also examines the influence of age at exposure on the consequences of ETS and the importance of the differing sources of ETS exposure. As ETS is a completely preventable form of environmental pollution, the success or failure of various types of interventions will also be reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory diseases of rabbits.

Respiratory diseases are second only to gastroenteric diseases in importance in rabbits. Pasteurellosis is the primary respiratory disease affecting domestic rabbits, but other bacteria (e.g., Bordetella broniseptica and Staphylococcus spp) are significant opportunistic pathogens. The primary manifestations are upper respiratory disease (e.g., rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and dacryocystitis). Various antimicrobials are effective for treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A natural outbreak of bovine respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

An outbreak of respiratory disease occurred in a herd of 34 calves and 5 cows in a barn. The disease which affected 24 calves and 1 cow, was characterized by coughing, fever, anorexia, nasal discharge and pulmonary rales. Two calves died 5 days after the disease outbreak and were necropsied. Bronchitis, bronchiolitis and alveolitis were among the lesions observed in these calves. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was detected, in lung sections of the dead calves and also in nasal washings of some of the calves and one cow, by the direct fluorescent antibody technique and/or cell culture method. Seroconversion to the virus was detected in most animals tested.

Animals↗