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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Paired box gene expression in Wilms' tumor.

Wilms' tumor (WT) is an embryonal renal neoplasm with features resembling fetal kidney development. A family of genes potentially involved in WT induction is called the paired box (PAX) gene family. In this study we examined by Northern blot analysis the expression of several PAX genes in a variety of WTs and other childhood neoplasms. RNA was isolated from four primary WTs and 12 WTs propagated in nude mice (heterotransplant), as well as from a variety of other childhood renal and nonrenal embryonal tumors. RNA samples were electrophoretically separated in 1.2% agarose gels, transferred to nylon membranes, and hybridized to random primer-labeled PAX2, PAX8, and WT1 probes. Membranes were then exposed to x-ray films at -70 degrees C with intensifying screens. PAX2 and WT-1 expression were seen in all four primary WTs; PAX8 was seen in three of the four primary WTs. Of the 12 heterotransplant Wilms' tumors, PAX2, PAX8, and WT1 were concomitantly expressed in seven tumors. Another heterotransplant WT expressed WT1 alone. Expression of these three genes, with one exception, was not seen in the other childhood renal and nonrenal solid tumors. The PAX genes are transcriptional regulators; their protein products bind to specific DNA segments and control gene expression. Their role in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor and their interaction with WT1 are unclear. Elucidation of the functional significance of the PAX genes will provide important insights into not only the pathogenesis of WT but also the molecular control of the developing kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

tRNA breakdown products as markers for cancer.

Seven breakdown products of tRNA were quantitated by high pressure liquid chromatography in urine and were related to the creatinine content. In the urine of 26 of 27 patients with 13 different malignancies, there was an elevation of one or more of these "markers." The levels of excretion vary approximately with the stage of the disease.

Aminoisobutyric Acids↗
PubMed1997

Expression of androgen receptor and its implication in hepatoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in human and murine has been known to occur more frequently in male than female. Attempts have been made to find a possible mechanism of increased growth advantage in the HCC cells by testosterone (T). Treatment of HepG2 human HCC cells with T increased DNA synthesis by 30-50%, whereas T increased it by 10-30% in FaO (rat) cells. Androgen receptor (AR) levels in HepG2 and FaO cells were 94.1 fmol/mg protein and 55.0 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Expression of AR mRNA species was detected as about 10 kb (doublet) in HepG2. On the other hand, much less expression of AR mRNA was observed in FaO cells. AR signals around 28S rRNA (4.7 kb) and the small size RNAs detected in the total cellular RNAs were not found in the poly(A) + RNAs isolated from the cells. Contrary to the earlier observation by other investigators, expression of hepatic AR was not down-regulated by T until 72 h of treatment. These results demonstrate one of the modes of action by T for the preferential development of HCC in male.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The isopeptidase USP2a protects human prostate cancer from apoptosis.

Deubiquitinating enzymes can prevent the destruction of protein substrates prior to proteasomal degradation. The ubiquitin-specific protease 2a (USP2a) deubiquitinates the antiapoptotic proteins Fatty Acid Synthase and Mdm2. Here, we show that when USP2a is overexpressed in nontransformed cells, it exhibits oncogenic behavior both in vitro and in vivo and prevents apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Notably, USP2a silencing in several human cancer cell lines results in apoptosis. Gene set enrichment analysis, which focuses on groups of genes sharing biological function or regulatory pathways, was done on microarray expression data from human prostate cancers. The cell death-related gene set, as well as a selected cluster of validated p53 target genes, were significantly enriched in the low USP2a expression group of tumors. Conversely, genes implicated in fatty acid metabolism were significantly associated with tumors expressing high USP2a (44%). The expression profile analysis is consistent with the effects of USP2a on its known targets, i.e., Fatty Acid Synthase and Mdm2, defining a subset of prostate tumors resistant to apoptosis. USP2a thus represents a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2004

Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on telomerase activity in ovarian cancer cells.

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for growth, vision, embryonic development, immune response and reproduction. Various retinoids have been shown to be effective chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents for a number of human cancers. Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures found at the end of chromosomes. During cellular division, the telomeres in normal cells shorten progressively and thus, function as a "molecular clock". Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that extends and maintains telomeres. Activation of telomerase is required for cells to overcome proliferative crisis. Telomerase activation is observed in 90% of human cancers, but not in normal somatic cells. We examined the role of telomerase in mediating the growth suppression of ovarian carcinoma cells by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Using a number of cell lines with varying levels of growth sensitivity to ATRA, we found that cells that exhibit ATRA-dependant suppression of growth also contained significantly reduced telomerase activity. We also observed a reduction in expression of the telomerase components, hTERT and hTR in ATRA treated ovarian carcinoma cells. Our results suggest that one mechanism by which ATRA acid inhibits cancer cell growth is by suppressing telomerase activity, thereby pushing cells to proliferative crisis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗