[Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Application. (IX). Radionuclide imaging of the heart].
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Electrocardiography↗
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Results for “Radionuclide Imaging”
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Accessory spleen imaging. Radionuclide, ultrasound and CT investigations in a patient with thrombocytopenia 25 yr after splenectomy for ITP.
A 42-yr-old man presented with thrombocytopenia 25 yr after splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Preoperative investigations with 99Tc-colloid scan, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed 2 accessory spleens. The patient recovered completely after splenunculectomy. CT was superior to radionuclide and ultrasonography in describing the exact location of the 2 spleens, thereby facilitating the operative procedure.
Adult↗
A new image display and analysis system (IDA) for radionuclide imaging.
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Brain Diseases↗
[Diagnosis of loosening of carbon-made cup prostheses by radionuclide imaging (author's transl)].
Diagnosis of loosening of joint prostheses has become easier by using radionuclide imaging in addition to common radiography. Double-cup hip prostheses have been used more and more in joint surgery of younger patients in the last ten years. But early signs of loosening of the metal cup are difficult to demonstrate because of the high absorption rate of the used materials. Cup protheses of carbon have been implanted since several months in the Orthopedic Clinic Giessen. Tests in a model and in a patient have shown, that it might be possible to evaluate loosening of carbon-cup prostheses by radionuclide imaging.
Adult↗
Computed tomography and 67Ga citrate radionuclide imaging for evaluating suspected abdominal abscess.
A retrospective analysis of the results of 67Ga citrate radionuclide imaging and computed tomography (CT) in 45 patients with suspected abdominal abscess was conducted to determine the mertis of each method. Both techniques were highly sensitive in detecting abdominal abscesses, and often provided complementary and supplementary diagnostic information; their combined use many times offset the limitations of each method used alone. Guidelines are suggested that permit rapid evaluation, while limiting diagnostic errors, when using 67Ga citrate radionuclide imaging and CT in the presence or absence of localizing symptoms and signs.
Abdomen↗
Application of radionuclide imaging in the detection of acute myocardial infarction.
Radionuclide imaging was useful for noninvasively visualizing a location and size of infarction in two patients with acute myocardial infarction. In one patient, inferior subendocardial myocardial infarction was detected by 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigraphy and then inferior transmural infarction was observed as more intense radioactivity with a larger size. In the other patient with acute extensive anterior myocardial infarction, akinesis of the left ventricular wall and left ventricular aneurysm were confirmed by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography and multigated equilibrium cardiac pool scan.
Diphosphates↗
Detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with hyperparathyroidism using a single radionuclide imaging procedure with technetium-99m-sestamibi (double-phase study)
Dual radionuclide imaging using a combination of 201Tl with either 99mTcO4- or 123I is recognized as a useful procedure in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Recently, 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) has been introduced for myocardial perfusion imaging as an alternative to 201Tl. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate parathyroid scan using early and late imaging following MIBI injection. Twenty-three patients (21 F, 2 M, mean age: 57 yr) with a clinical and biologic diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism were submitted to a MIBI study prior to surgical exploration of the neck. Cervico-thoracic planar imaging (anterior view, 10 min/view) was performed at 15 min and at 2-3 hr after an intravenous injection of 20-25 mCi of MIBI. A positive MIBI scan for parathyroid adenoma was defined as an area of increased focal uptake which persisted on late imaging, contrary to the uptake in the normal thyroid tissue which progressively decreases over time (differential washout). Surgical exploration of the neck, performed between 1 day and 72 days (average: 16 days) after the MIBI study, showed a parathyroid adenoma in 21 patients and hyperplasia in two patients. MIBI scan correctly detected and localized 19/21 adenomas (90%). In conclusion, parathyroid imaging using a single radionuclide with MIBI (early and late study with differential washout analysis) is a promising procedure in the preoperative detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Adenoma↗
Radionuclide imaging of sequential torsions of the appendix testis.
Radionuclide imaging is the diagnostic procedure of choice for evaluation of acute disorders of the scrotum, permitting rapid differentiation of torsion of the spermatic cord from inflammatory processes. The method is less successful in diagnosing torsion of the testicular appendages. In the majority of reported cases of torsion of the appendix testis the scan appears normal. In a very limited number of cases increased perfusion to the affected side has been noted. We report a case of metachronous torsion of both the appendices testis. In each instance, there was decreased tracer uptake on the affected side, suggestive of early torsion of the testicle. The sequential involvement of each testis with a nine month interval between respective torsions provides a unique example where each testis serves, sequentially, as a normal control for the torsed contralateral appendage.
Child↗
Radionuclide imaging in patients with amputations of the lower leg: typical imaging patterns in five cases.
Amputation of the lower leg is not uncommon in elderly patients with chronic infections or vascular problems of the leg and foot, and most often it is performed below the knee or on the distal part of the lower leg (i.e., Syme's amputation). After operation, healing disorders with or without infection can occur, and usually structural imaging methods are performed for diagnosis. Radionuclide imaging using a combination of bone scans and infection scintigraphy can help to identify bone and soft tissue infection. Interpreting radionuclide scans is difficult, because imaging findings after amputation may depend not only on the level of resection and the disease investigated but also on the time that has elapsed since surgery. Typical imaging patterns of bone or infection scintigraphy of five patients are described
Adult↗
Role of radionuclide imaging in hyperthyroid patients with no clinical suspicion of nodules.
The purpose of the study was to assess the role of radionuclide imaging of hyperthyroid patients with no suspicion of nodules. (99)Tc(m) radionuclide scans performed on all 190 patients referred over a 2-year period with symptoms and thyroid function tests compatible with thyrotoxicosis were retrospectively reviewed. 73% of patients were referred by a hospital clinician and 27% were referred direct from the general practitioner. Referral letters and, where applicable, the clinical notes were reviewed and patients with suspected thyroid nodules were excluded. The results of (99)Tc(m) thyroid scans of the 190 patients (age range 23-93 years, mean 48 years) were reviewed. 152 (80%) patients had Graves' disease, 10 (5.3%) had Graves' disease with nodules, 6 (3.2%) had Graves' disease with non-functioning nodules, 5 (2.6%) had viral thyroiditis, 5 (2.6%) had autonomously functioning nodules and 12 (6.3%) were normal studies. Therefore, 20% of patients had a diagnosis other than solely Graves' disease. These diagnoses are important with respect to clinical management. In conclusion, routine radionuclide imaging is worthwhile, as a significant proportion of patients with clinical "Graves' disease" in this study would have received incorrect treatment without the result of this scan.
Adult↗
Radionuclide imaging in morbid obesity.
Radionuclide studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract have been useful in many gastrointestinal disorders. However, the literature relating to radionuclide techniques in morbid obesity is limited and, at times, controversial. It is hoped that this brief review will stimulate interest in the use of tracer techniques in this complex disorder.
Biliary Tract↗
Pearls and pitfalls of radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system. Part 2: evaluation of extremity lymphoedema.
This is the second of two pictorial essays on radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system and will focus on evaluation of extremity lymphoedema using lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoedema results from anatomical or functional obstruction of the lymphatic system. Lymphoscintigraphy is the imaging modality of choice for assessing lymphoedema. The technique plays a pivotal role in determining the aetiology of extremity swelling and helps guide treatment. The diagnostic utility of radionuclide imaging in lymphoedema depends upon careful technical performance and accurate image interpretation. We present a pictorial review emphasising the technical and interpretative pearls and pitfalls of radionuclide evaluation of lymphoedema.
Ankle↗
The value of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint syndrome.
STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was done to assess the diagnostic value of radionuclide imaging (bone scan) in the evaluation of sacroiliac joint syndrome OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide imaging in establishing a diagnosis of sacroiliac joint syndrome in patients with low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is no pathognomonic symptom or sign to establish the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint syndrome. It has been accepted that confirmation of sacroiliac joint syndrome requires relief of pain, a positive response to a sacroiliac joint block. Bone scanning has been proposed as a useful imaging technique to evaluate for sacroiliac joint syndrome. The authors explored the use of nuclear imaging as a cost-effective and noninvasive technique in the diagnostic algorithm of sacroiliac joint syndrome. METHODS: Patients presenting to the author's Spine Center with complaints of low back pain including the region of the sacral sulcus were screened for inclusion into this study. Positive response to three provocative Sacroiliac joint maneuvers was requisite, two of which had to be Patrick's test and pain with palpation over the sacral sulcus. Patients who met these criteria were entered into a physical therapy program comprised of lumbar spine stabilization techniques and excluded any interventions considered specific for sacroiliac joint syndrome. Those whose symptoms failed to improve with this program underwent bone scan and fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint block. Response to sacroiliac joint block was assessed with pre- and post-block visual analog scale scores completed by the patient. A reduction of the VAS rating by at least 80% was considered a positive response to sacroiliac joint block. RESULTS: Fifty consecutive patients met the author's criteria and underwent bone scan and sacroiliac joint block. Thirty-one patients who had positive responses to sacroiliac joint block comprised the positive sacroiliac joint block group. Nineteen patients had less than 80% pain reduction with sacroiliac joint block and were labeled the negative sacroiliac-joint block group. Four patients had positive bone scans, all of whom were in the positive sacroiliac joint group. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated very low sensitivity and high specificity of nuclear imaging in the evaluation of sacroiliac joint syndrome. The authors do not recommend bone scan in the diagnostic algorithm for sacroiliac joint syndrome.
Adolescent↗
A method for recovering physiological components from dynamic radionuclide images using the maximum entropy principle: a numerical investigation.
A method based on the maximum entropy principle is described for recovering physiological components from a sequence of dynamic radionuclide images. The method does not require any assumption about the shapes of the component curves. It is, however, assumed that the components are nonnegative. The method requires normalization of component curves. The sum of squares of each component curve to be estimated is normalized so as to be unity. A first-pass cardiac study and a hepatic study are selected for investigation of applicability of the method. The method is investigated numerically using computer-generated time-activity curves with six components for the cardiac study and seven components for the hepatic study. Within the regions studied, the results have demonstrated that the method may recover the component time-activity curves and the corresponding images of physiological components from a sequence of dynamic radionuclide images. The ability and limitations of the method to recover physiological components are discussed and potential applications are suggested.
Heart↗
An edge detection algorithm for use in radionuclide imaging.
A method is described whereby the edges of computerised radionuclide images can be located by the application of an edge detection algorithm. Results obtained using computer simulated phantoms and radioactive distributions demonstrate the potential accuracy of incorporating such as algorithm into clinical studies.
Computers↗
Use of radionuclide imaging in the early diagnosis and treatment of renal allograft rejection.
Data are presented on the clinical application of radionuclide imaging to evaluate changes in cadaver transplant function in the immediate postoperative period. The method uses orthoiodohippuric acid (hippuran) administered IV, with scintillation imaging, and curve analysis by a digital computer. An initial study is always obtained 24 hours after transplantation. Serial studies are then obtained, as needed, to interpret the clinical course. Selected cases are presented which illustrate the use of this protocol in various clinical settings. In the oliguric patient serial studies have been of particular value. They have identified ATN so that over-enthusiastic treatment for rejection could be avoided. They have also identified acute rejection complicating ATN so that high dose steroid therapy could be administered appropriately. In the non-oliguric patient they have frequently contributed to the early diagnosis of acute rejection, and they have been useful in monitoring the effect and duration of treatment for severe rejection crisis. It is concluded that radionuclide imaging studies, when carefully applied and interpreted, are a valuable adjunct to the management of patients in this complex clinical setting.
Acute Disease↗
Radionuclide imaging technologies and their use in evaluating asthma drug deposition in the lungs.
Whole lung and regional lung deposition of inhaled asthma drugs in the lungs can be quantified using either two-dimensional or three-dimensional radionuclide imaging methods. The two-dimensional method of gamma scintigraphy has been the most widely used, and is currently considered the industry standard, but the three-dimensional methods (SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; and PET, positron emission tomography) give superior regional lung deposition data and will undoubtedly be used more frequently in future. Recent developments in radionuclide imaging are described, including an improved algorithm for assessing regional lung deposition in gamma scintigraphy, and a patent-protected radiolabelling method (TechneCoat), applicable to both gamma scintigraphy and SPECT. Radionuclide imaging data on new inhaled asthma products provide a milestone assessment, and the data form a bridge between in vitro testing and a full clinical trials program, allowing the latter to be entered with increased confidence.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Metastatic soft tissue calcification in chronic renal failure detected by radionuclide imaging.
Metastatic calcification has been reported in several disease entities, including chronic renal failure. Various imaging modalities have been shown to be useful in the detection of metastatic soft tissue calcification. Radionuclide imaging may detect metastatic soft tissue calcification more readily than routine diagnostic modalities and be a valuable noninvasive method to establish an early diagnosis in high-risk patients. The authors report a patient with extensive soft tissue metastatic calcification who had a myriad of clinical symptoms. The extensive calcification was detected with a radionuclide imaging.
Calcinosis↗