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Results for “Reinforcement, Verbal”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Concrete and verbal reinforcement in creative thinking of disadvantaged cildren.

The effects of verbal and concrete reinforcement on creative thinking were investigated in disadvantaged Israeli seventh-graders (N = 90) in a baseline-treatment design. When compared to a no-incentive condition, both concrete (giving a piece of candy for each response) and verbal reinforcement (giving verbal praise to each response) raised the level of ideational fluency on the abbreviated Wallach and Kogan creativity battery by 114% and 61%, respectively. The high correlations between baseline and incentive creativity scores were interpreted as supporting either cognition or motivation but not exclusively the former as the source of individual differences in creative thinking among these disadvantaged children.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of verbal reinforcement with information feedback in analogue psychotherapy.

Thirty Ss were assigned randomly to one of the two experimental analogue psychotherapy groups and a control group. In the experimental psychotherapy groups two different psychotherapy techniques were used for eight sessions. The two psychotherapy techniques employed were one-word verbal reinforcement (VR) and lengthy verbal information feedback (IF). Three therapists each demonstrated significant differences (P less than .001) in their verbal interactions with the Ss when they used the two different psychotherapy techniques. The results indicated that both treatment techniques were significantly effective (p less than .05) in improving self-ratings of self-concept. However, the two psychotherapy techniques were differentially effective in improving social skills as measured by behavioral ratings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Verbally reinforcing pain reports: an experimental test of the operant model of chronic pain.

Effective treatments for chronic pain have been based on the operant model for chronic pain, which holds that pain behaviours can be operantly controlled by various reinforcers. Support for the operant model comes primarily from treatment/outcome studies which report significant reductions in pain behaviours in chronic pain patients, but fail to demonstrate the underlying operant thesis that various reinforcers play a significant role in the establishment and maintenance of pain behaviours. In an experimental test of this hypothesis, the pain reports of forty-six healthy undergraduate students were measured over two sets of fifteen trials, in which the pressure from a blood-pressure cuff applied to their arm either remained stable or decreased over time. Half of the subjects received positive verbal reinforcement from the experimenter after each trial if their report of pain intensity exceeded that of the previous trial. Overall, the mean pain reports of reinforced subjects were significantly greater than those of the non-reinforced subjects both when the intensity of the cuff was stable over trials, and when it decreased, as expected. These results provide support for the operant model of chronic pain. The clinical and theoretical implications of these results for the operant model of chronic pain are discussed, and suggestions for future research are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Group modification of affective verbalizations: reinforcement and therapist style effects.

Used an operant group paradigm to investigate the effects of reinforcement in combination with differing therapist styles upon affective verbalizations. Therapists' usage of direct questioning to elicit Ss' affective verbalizations proved quantitatively superior (in number of reinforceable responses) to either a no therapist or role modelling therapist condition (N = 72). There was evidence, however, that Ss in reinforced role modelling conditions were significantly better than direct elicitation Ss in predicting other group members' self-descriptions and in the degree to which Ss felt accurately perceived by others, while the reverse was true for non-reinforced Ss.

Adult↗