Choosing respiratory protection requires proper hazard evaluation.
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Filtration↗
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Results for “Respiratory Protective Devices”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[Air-borne disease].
Respiratory protection is a factor which worries nursing professionals who take care of patients susceptible of transmitting microorganisms through the air more as every day passes. This type of protection covers the use of surgical or hygienic masks against the transmission of infection by airborne drops to the use of highly effective masks or respirators against the transmission of airborne diseases such as tuberculosis or SARS, a recently discovered disease. The adequate choice of this protective device and its correct use are fundamental in order to have an effective protection for exposed personnel. The authors summarize the main protective respiratory devices used by health workers, their characteristics and degree of effectiveness, as well as the circumstances under which each device is indicated for use.
Air Microbiology↗
Performance testing for improving the level of respiratory protection in a fire brigade.
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Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Stricter respiratory protection is required by new asbestos rules.
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Asbestos↗
Using a CO2 detector to confirm endotracheal intubation in SARS patients.
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Carbon Dioxide↗
Respirator use and protection from exposure to carbon monoxide.
Investigations of the protective effect afforded by respirators in Baltimore firefighters are presented. The data indicates that the continuous use of respirators offers significant protection from exposure to carbon monoxide but that this protection is not absolute. A surprising finding is that the intermittent use of the face mask offers as little protection to the men as does non-use. These findings emphasize the difficulties in relying upon respiratory personal protective equipment for protection from exposure.
Adult↗
Contributing factors to sandblasters' silicosis: inadequate respiratory protection equipment and standards.
National concordance standards for respiratory protection during abrasive blasting have existed for more than 50 years; however, these standards have not kept pace with advances in blast equipment, have not provided realistic estimates of expected protection in the workplace, and have been misused by manufacturers and distributors of respiratory protective equipment who have assured, through sales literature, that the equipment is acceptable for conditions under which they have never been tested. This situation has contributed to exposure of sandblasters to hazardous levels of respirable free silica, and is reviewed here to prevent a continuation of the incompatibility of these and other standards for respiratory protection with the actual exposures to various noxious inhalants in the workplace.
Humans↗
What steps must be taken to establish a respiratory protection program?
The author discusses eleven 'commandments' for such a program, among them the need for written operating procedures, proper selection and storage, and training.
Maintenance↗
Airborne isocyanates in polyurethane spray painting: determination and respirator efficiency.
The concentrations of airborne isocyanates were measured during spray painting with two-component polyurethane paint. The isocyanate component - hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI) and its prepolymer of the biuret type - were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization to stable urea derivatives with N-4-nitrobenzyl-N-n-propylamine. Samples were collected on reagent impregnated glassfiber filters, and the derivatives were eluted with the chromatographic eluent. An impregnation technique is reported; it facilitates the chromatographic separation and the subsequent quantitative determination. Recovery studies from filters were performed in the range of 0.05 to 30 micrograms for the HDI monomer, and 0.5 to 100 micrograms for the HDI oligomer on the same filter. Average recoveries of the monomer and the oligomer were 97 +/- 2% (standard deviation) and 92 +/- 4%, respectively. The concentrations of the isocyanate components, measured during spray painting, were very high. For example, the level of the monomer frequently exceeded the hygienic limit value of 0.07 mg/m, set by the National Board of Labour Protection in Finland. As the concentrations of the HDI oligomer were at least one order of magnitude higher, appreciable exposure to isocyanate occurred if the respiratory protection was inadequate. The filter sampling technique made it possible to measure concentrations inside respirators.
Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
[Great depth pneumatic caisson and its load work involved with the efficiency of respiratory protection].
Pneumatic caisson work in Japan has been in operation since 1924. Afterward, this technique of compressed air work has been utilized in the constructions like as foundation works, the basements, and shafts of the bottom tunnel or shields for subway and so forth. While, it means for people to be exposed to hyperbaric environment that they use compressed air work, this technique has risks to be suffered from not only decompression sickness (DCS) but toxicity of poisonous gas or oxygen deficiency. However, this technique is necessary for urban civil engineering and recent compressed air works over than 1.0 kg/cm2 has been increased in 1.5 times more than in 1970's and the higher compressed air work more than 4.0 kg/cm2 will be actually planned in near future. So unmanned caisson work is considered as a better technique for such high pressure work, even though people must enter into hyperbaric working fields for maintenance or repair of unmanned operated machinery and materials. This research is to establish the safety work under hyperbaric environment within 7 kg/cm2. It is necessary for us to establish the system not only to keep safety but to maintain working efficiency. According to obtain the purpose, the effect of respiratory protection has been investigated and work load under hyperbaric caisson work has also been studied.
Adult↗
Quantitative fit-test method for powered air-purifying respirators.
The fit-test method for powered air-purifying respirators described here allowed quantitative determination of the leakage of PAPRs that offered PFs ranging from 50 to greater than 10,000. Five types of PAPRs were tested on 10 subjects selected from a test panel representing a wide range of facial sizes. PAPRs tested provided all subjects with PFs of 1000 or greater when operated with the blowers on, while PFs observed with the blower off, for two tight-fitting facepieces, ranged between 50 and 100. The exercises used in these test procedures are believed to be typical of movements made by persons wearing respiratory protective equipment and performing light work. Studies of PFs obtained by workers wearing respiratory protective equipment in industry would be necessary to establish how well the developed laboratory test methods predict the level of protection offered to workers wearing the equipment.
Female↗
Visual consideration and correction for respiratory protective masks.
The visual consideration in the selection of respiratory protective masks and the visual correction required by the wearer are discussed. Included is a list of manufacturers and suppliers of protective masks that have been designed for the mounting of corrective lenses inside the mask.
Eye Protective Devices↗
Recent advances in occupational asthma.
In the past year, many advances were made in occupational asthma (OA). As in previous years, several new causes of OA were described and the prevalences of some causes of OA were studied. Animal studies suggested possible mechanisms for the induction of sensitization to low-molecular-weight chemicals, and a study in humans indicated the ability of diisocyanates to bind with lung epithelial cells and stimulate mononuclear cells in sensitized patients with OA. New diagnostic and research methods, such as induced-sputum assessment and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide, were evaluated. The effectiveness of protective respiratory devices in patients with OA was shown to be suboptimal (although these devices are necessary in some cases), and the need to prevent OA by reducing or eliminating exposures remains paramount.
Animals↗
An industry viewpoint on respirator research needs...
Neither the physics nor the politics of respirator research can take place in a vacuum. Industry must be a party to setting research priorities and to the peer review of research growing out of these priorities. After all, we know where the utilization of respiratory protection is a necessary part of our manufacturing processes. But more important, it is our employees who must wear the fruits of your research and development efforts, and it is essential to us as employers that, when respirators are required, they afford equal protection to that of the best engineering, work practices, and administrative controls.
Air Pollutants↗
Effect of respiratory protective equipment on exposure to asbestos fibres during removal of asbestos insulation.
Asbestos concentrations were measured within powered respirators used by workers involved in the removal of asbestos-containing insulation. Fibre concentrations within the protective gear appeared to be above the Dutch threshold limit value for crocidolite (0.2 f cm-3). Possible sources of exposure were analysed and measures were taken to improve the situation. After this, the fibre concentrations in the breathing area were reduced and were below the Dutch concentration limit.
Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
[Protection of the respiratory organs while working in the cold].
On the basis of new progressive anisotropic porous materials a mask with a recuperator which effectively heats the inhaled air by means of breathed-out air energy utilization has been created. The mask can decrease the load on human adaptation mechanism to unfavorable climatic effect of high latitudes where cold is a major unfavorable factor. Such a mask is a highly effective means of individual human protection from cold, providing the possibility to improve workers' labor conditions.
Cold Temperature↗
Protective equipment for health care facility decontamination personnel: regulations, risks, and recommendations.
After recent terrorist attacks, new attention has been focused on health care facility decontamination practices. This article reviews core issues related to the selection of appropriate personal protective equipment for health care facility decontamination personnel, with an emphasis on respiratory protection. Existing federal regulations focus primarily on scene response and not on issues specific to health care facility decontamination practices. Review of existing databases, relevant published literature, and individual case reports reveal some provider health risks, especially when the exposure involves organophosphate agents. However, reported risks from secondary exposure to contaminated patients at health care facilities are low. These risks should be adequately addressed with Level C personal protective equipment, including air-purifying respirator technologies, unless the facility determines that specific local threats require increased levels of protection.
Decontamination↗
[Evaluation of omethoate and fenitrothion absorption in greenhouse workers using protective equipment in confined areas].
Sprayers and workers engaged in manual operations in a greenhouse were monitored for exposure to omethoate and fenitrothion. Urinary dialkyl phosphates (dimethyl thiophosphate and dimethyl phosphate) were used as biological index of exposure to the two chemicals. Residues of fenitrothion on foliage were measured as well as levels of fenitrothion and omethoate in air samples collected in the breathing zone (personal sampling) and in the work-place near the entrance and the end of the greenhouse (static sampling). Skin exposure was estimated from pads placed on the thorax under overalls and from hand washing liquid at the end of the workshift. Sprayers wore respiratory and skin protection during the workshift. Workers engaged in manual operations did not wear respiratory protection. Re-entry to the greenhouse was permitted 48 h after spraying. Levels of omethoate and fenitrothion in air samples, on pads and on the hands, during manual operations on ornamental plants, were very low. Urine analysis shoved no significant difference between the pre- and post-exposure samples. No significant difference was found between levels of urinary dialkyl phosphates in the control group and exposed workers. Cholinesterase activity (acetyl and butyryl) showed no significant reduction at the end of the workshift compared with baseline values.
Adult↗