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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of sensory deprivation or electrical stimulation on acute vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy in rabbit.

The effect of sensory deprivation or electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation was investigated for 7 days after unilateral labyrinthectomy (ULX) in 50 rabbits. Eye movements induced by sinusoidal rotation of the whole body and spontaneous nystagmus were measured for vestibulo-ocular compensation, and head deviation was measured for vestibulospinal compensation. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: one with ULX only (LX only), ULX with bilateral tarsorrhaphy (LX+TX), ULX with cervical dorsal root ganglionectomy (LX+GX), and a group stimulated electrically on the lesion-sided vestibular system with square pulse for 8 h/day (LX+ES). In LX only, the frequency of spontaneous nystagmus was 2.93 +/- 0.19 beats/sec just after ULX, declining to zero in 4 days. In eye movements induced by sinusoidal rotation on the 7th day after ULX, directional preponderance was 24-43% and gain decreased to 32-48% by rotation toward the intact side and 17-29% by rotation toward the lesion side, compared with that before ULX. Roll head tilt and yaw head tilt were 82 +/- 9 degrees, 45 +/- 6 degrees, respectively, on the 7th day. Recovery of vestibulo-ocular reflex and head deviation was delayed in LX+TX and LX+GX compared with that in ULX only, but recovery was enhanced in LX+ES. Therefore, in this study, electrical stimulation of the lesion side seemed to have a favorable effect on suppression of acute vestibular symptoms induced by unilateral vestibular lesion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Focal brain stimulation in healthy humans: motor maps changes following partial hand sensory deprivation.

Cortical motor maps of first dorsal interosseus (FDI), abductor digit minimi (ADM) and wrist flexors muscles were produced following transcranial focal magnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor areas in seven volunteers. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded before and during median and radial nerves anaesthetic block at wrist. Results indicated that the FDI muscle cortical representation was significantly reduced; this muscle was entirely "enveloped' in the hand region deprived of its cutaneous sensory information, despite maintaining its usual proprioceptive feed-back and strength via the ulnar nerve. On the contrary, the ADM (serving as "control condition' because outside the anaesthetised hand area) cortical representation was unchanged, even if showing a tendency to enlarge in the topographic maps. No amplitude changes of compound muscle action potentials of ADM and FDI during peripheral stimulations were observed, while changes in F-wave responses were detected in both muscles. No significant topographic changes were found for the wrist flexors muscles. A possible explanation for these "short term' rearrangements of brain motor maps is given on the basis of neural plasticity mechanisms due to the loss of tonic cutaneous inputs on cortical and spinal motoneurons.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1995

Neonatal sensory deprivation induces selective changes in the quantitative distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the rat barrel field cortex.

Modified activity of the rat vibrissae from birth to adulthood induces profound alterations of the responsiveness and selectivity of neurons in the contralateral somatosensory barrel field cortex of adult rats. Because these functional properties are under the control of the intracortical inhibitory mechanisms, we investigated the effects of unilateral removal of face pad vibrissae on the quantitative distribution of intracortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive neurons in the rat contralateral and ipsilateral barrel field cortices. This distribution was then compared to a population of control animals. For the entire cortical depth, no significant changes in the density (7,700/mm3 vs. 7,400/mm3), proportion (13.6% vs. 14.4%), or size (11.7 microns vs. 12.5 microns) of GABA-immunoreactive neurons were found in the left contralateral vs. the right ipsilateral barrel field cortex. However, in cortical layer IV, contralateral to the deprivation, the density and proportion of GABA-immunoreactive neurons were lower (6,300/mm3 vs. 13,900/mm3, 6.0% vs. 13.6%; P < 0.01), and these neurons were larger (mean projected height of 15.1 microns vs. 10.8 microns; P < 0.01) than in the ipsilateral barrel field cortex, suggesting a specific loss of GABA expression in a subpopulation of small intracortical neurons. In addition to changes in the contralateral layer IV, GABA-immunoreactive neurons located in the ipsilateral granular layer were also affected. Indeed, their numerical density (13,900/mm3) and proportion (13.6%) were higher (P < 0.01) than in both hemispheres of control animals (average of 10,050/mm3 and 9.4%). On the other hand, GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the ipsilateral layer V were less numerous (5,600/mm3, 15.0%) than in both sides of the controls (average of 10,300/mm3, 22.0%; P < 0.01). Thus, our results show that a unilateral sensory deprivation induces highly selective changes in the intracortical GABA inhibitory circuitry of both hemispheres. These changes are located directly at the input of thalamic afferents and at an output layer of corticofugal and commissural axons and could result in a profound reorganization of the excitatory and inhibitory drives of both sides of the sensory-deprived barrel field cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and preterm human neonate.

This article reviews the literature and presents data from our laboratories on sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation of the rat pup and the preterm neonate. The data suggest that the effects of maternal deprivation in the rat pup (suppression of growth hormone release and protein synthesis) are regulated by a specific form of tactile stimulation: only brush stroking of maternally deprived rat pups returned growth parameters to normal; other forms of stimulation, including kinesthetic and vestibular stimulation, were ineffective in restoring normal functions. Other data are presented demonstrating that very small preterm neonates given tactile-kinesthetic stimulation gain more weight per day, spend more time awake and active, and show more mature habituation, orientation, motor, and range of state behaviors on the Brazelton assessment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Sensory deprivation training for your office staff.

A combined interprofessional effort of optometry and psychology/gerontology results in a valuable practice management program for eye care offices. Through this program, staffs can use sensory deprivation training to improve their handling of patients in the optometric environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Sensory deprivation.

The loss of vision, hearing, and speech, even on a temporary basis, may be responsible for strange, unpredictable, or bizarre behavior. The placement of obtundent surgical dressings may be responsible for the symptoms of sensory deprivation.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Sensory deprivation and homeostasis.

Most afferent inputs are sensory stimulants, and physical activity is probably one of the most significant of all sensory stimulations. Gravity is a constant stimulus. These demands are also known as stress, and the stressor effect as the general adaptation syndrome (Selye). In this study, these demands are called sensory afferent stimuli, which are necessary triggers to start the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal mechanism and thus maintain the general mechanical, autonomic and metabolic functions of the body in the state of homeostasis. If the sensory stimulus is removed, there is no stressor effect and the cycle of response is eliminated. This results in a decreased hypothalamus-pituitary response and a decreased production of ACTH and corticoids. A decrease in the sensory input creates changes in the central nervous system and in the musculoskeletal system which are compatible with lack of the hypothalamus-pituitary responses. When a person becomes ill, physical inactivity as well as sensory and perceptual deprivation are at a maximum, and the absence of these stimuli interrupts the cycle of homeostasis. Physical activity is one of the most important stressors (sensory input) or triggering mechanisms for the cycle of homeostasis (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cycle). Therefore, it is imperative to provide the patient with physical activities which ensure motion and take into account the effect of gravity. This is best accomplished by a program of physical, occupational and recreational therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Short-term oral sensory deprivation: possible cause of binge eating in sham-feeding dogs.

Six mongrel dogs (18-20 kg) were prepared with gastric and esophageal fistulas. All dogs were studied under four experimental conditions. In conditions 1 and 3 the dogs were allowed to sham feed either a high-palatable or low-palatable meal on days 1-5 followed by a sham feed of a high-palatable or low-palatable meal on day 6. In conditions 2 and 4 the dogs were not sham fed (oral sensory deprived) on days 1-5 but were allowed to sham feed either a high-palatable or low-palatable meal on day 6. Total caloric requirement during each 6-day study was given by infusion of a liquid diet (Isocal) through the gastric fistula following the experiment. In condition 4, dogs deprived of oral sensation on days 1-5, significantly overconsumed their low-palatable meal on day 6. In condition 2, dogs deprived of oral sensation on days 1-5 also overconsumed their high-palatable meal on day 6, although this did not reach statistical significance. Dogs that received oral stimulation days 1-5 (conditions 1 and 3) did not overconsume their high- and low-palatable meals on day 6, suggesting that binge eating following short-term oral deprivation may be avoided if the diet provides adequate oral sensory stimulation. Body weights were well maintained throughout each study period and no changes were observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensory deprivation in young children.

The importance of the role of intentional movement and active exploration in the development of a child's knowledge concerning his body, his movement and his surrounding is recognized. Senoristasis is defined and the concept applied to deprivation studies with animal and human subjects. It is suggested that the principle can be used to explain behavioural patterns found in two groups of children who may suffer from sensory deprivation; namely those who live in environments which provide insufficient stimulation and those who lack the necessary mobility to explore the environment in which they live. The importance in a young child's development of a rich sensory environment and opportunities for exploration are stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Vestibular experiences of humans during brief periods of partial sensory deprivation are enhanced when daily geomagnetic activity exceeds 15-20 nT.

The intensity of reported vestibular experiences by normal volunteers (n = 127, over a 4-year period) increased significantly in a step-like manner during partial sensory deprivation when the daily geomagnetic activity exceeded about 15 nT; the effect size was equivalent to a correlation of about 0.33. Post hoc analyses indicated that the geomagnetic activity during the 3-h period at the beginning of the previous sleep cycle was the single greatest contributor. The enhanced occurrences of experiences that are similar to those associated with complex partial epileptic seizures suggests that specific stimuli associated with geomagnetic activity above about 15 nT affects specific regions of the human brain; the vulnerability occurs during the subsequent 24 h. However, in non-epileptic individuals these experiences must be amplified neurocognitively by removing input from auditory and visual modalities.

Adolescent↗