Continuous measurement of the depth of sleep.
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Electroencephalographic patterns of the different stages of sleep in the cat are shown, with special reference to a desynchronized deep sleep. This sleep stage is characterized by an increase in reticular stimulation arousal threshold and by the reappearance of 5 to 6 spikes per second on the electroencephalogram immediately after threshold behavioral arousal.
Populations of single neurons in visual cortex, middle suprasylvian association cortex, and brain stem of cat show greater variance of spontaneous discharge rates during waking than during sleep; this change in variance occurs in the absence of significant changes in mean discharge rates. Neurons which discharge rapidly during sleep tend to discharge even more rapidly during waking, whereas neurons with relatively low rates of discharge during sleep tend to have reduced spontaneous activity during waking.
Basal skin resistance was measured continuously in sleeping human subjects. Instead of a hypothesized fall in basal skin resistance during periods of "dreaming" or emergent stage 1 electro-encephalographic activity, there was a rise which generally coincided with the "dreaming" period. This finding, along with other recent studies, indicates that this stage of sleep is not just a light stage of sleep but is unique neurophysiologically.
Stimulation of the basal forebrain synchronizing area of the cat induces the behavioral and electroencephalographic manifestations of sleep. By pairing such stimulation with a neutral auditory stimulus we were able to evoke electroencephalographic synchronization and sleep preparatory behavior to the presentation of a tone, and to temporal factors associated with the conditioning procedure.
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