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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Neck injuries presenting to emergency departments in the United States from 1990 to 1999 for ice hockey, soccer, and American football.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the number and rate of neck injuries in the community as a whole for ice hockey, soccer, and American football by analysing data from patients presenting to emergency departments in the United States from 1990 to 1999. METHODS: Data compiled for the US Consumer Product Safety Commission were used to generate estimates for the total number of neck injuries and the more specific diagnoses of neck fractures, dislocations, contusions, sprains, strains, and lacerations occurring nationally from 1990 to 1999. These data were combined with yearly participation figures to generate rates of injury presenting to emergency departments for each sport. RESULTS: There were an estimated 5038 neck injuries from ice hockey, 19,341 from soccer, and 114 706 from American football. These could be broken down as follows: 4964 contusions, sprains, or strains from ice hockey, 17,927 from soccer, and 104 483 from football; 105 neck fractures or dislocations from ice hockey, 214 from soccer, and 1588 from football; 199 neck lacerations for ice hockey, 0 for soccer, and 621 for football. The rates for total neck injuries and combined neck contusions, sprains, or strains were higher for football than for ice hockey or soccer in all years for which data were available. CONCLUSION: The rate of neck injury in the United States was higher in football than in ice hockey or soccer in the time period studied.

Football↗

PubMed1995

Acute injuries in orienteerers.

The aim of this study was to characterize the type and severeity of acute injuries occurring in Finnish orienteerers in 1987 to 1991. The study is based on the orienteering license insurance records accounting for 2189 orienteering injuries during 69268 person-years of exposure in active orienteerers. Of these orienteerers, 73.0% were male; 73.5% (N = 1608) of all injuries occurred in males, so the injury rate was similar in males and females. The rate was highest in orienteerers 20 to 24 years of age and lowest in children. Injuries occurred most commonly during May to September (78.9% or all injuries), the months which include the orienteering competition season, and were more common during competitions (59.8%) than during training. A high number of the injuries occurred during weekends (58.9% of injuries) including 68.1% of all competition injuries and 44.9% of all training injuries. The lower limbs were involved in 1611 (73.6%) of cases, the ankle (28.7%) and the knee (23.2%) being the two most common injury locations. Sprains, strains and contusions were the most common injuries. Wounds were proportionally more common in males than in females while ankle sprains were more common in females. Fractures, seven open and 94 closed, accounted for 4.6% of injuries; they were most common in the hand/wrist/forearm (N = 44) and ankle (N = 16), and were more frequent during competition (62.3%) than during training. The most important areas for preventive measures seem to be the ankle and the knee.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Cervical sprains, disc herniations, minor fractures, and other cervical injuries in the athlete.

In today's health-conscious society, more people are participating in athletic endeavors. As participation increases, so does the incidence of cervical injuries. Fortunately, most of the cervical injuries seen in sports are minor and can be treated successfully with minimal morbidity. It is important, however, to accurately assess the patient sustaining a cervical injury to rule out the presence of a more severe cervical injury. When practitioners understand the pathophysiology and treatment of common injuries, including sprains, strains, contusions, disc herniations, and simple fractures, most athletes can be returned to full function.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMed1981

Nursing assessment of injuries to the lower extremity.

When assessing injuries to the lower extremity, they can best be discussed if divided into two groups: (1) vehicular or crushing injuries; and (2) nonvehicular, torsion, or overuse injuries. Vehicular injuries require speedy, accurate assessment as they are often complex and frequently involve other systems. The patient is initially stabilized, then assessment of orthopedic problems is begun. The nurse's role is an assistive one. If the patient is admitted to the hospital, orthopedic care involves prevention of complications, reduction of pain, and assisting the patient in daily activities. Nonvehicular injuries are more chronic in nature. The patient may have unsuccessfully ignored the problem, tried home remedies, or attempted to work with it. At this point, they are seen in the physician's office, hoping for a cure. After diagnosis, proper instruction for a rehabilitation program is begun. Treatment for a sprain, strain, or overuse syndrome can often be done at home. An active program should be encouraged and the patient should be taught why the problem occurred initially and how it can be prevented in the future.

Ankle Injuries↗

PubMed1979

Orthopedic problems in family practice: incidence, distribution, and curricular implications.

The spectrum of orthopedic problems encountered by family physicians in everyday practice has received little study in the past. This paper presents and analyzes the incidence and distribution of orthopedic problems in general/family practice based on four sources of secondary data. These sources include the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a Family Practice Service in a large military teaching hospital, a state wide study in Virginia, and two community-based family practice settings in Washington State. Orthopedic problems constitute about ten percent of all office visits in family practice. Over one half of these involve chronic, nontraumatic musculoskeletal problems. Major differences are noted in the distribution of sprains, strains, and fractures in adults and children. Fractures of the hand, foot, forearm, lower leg, and clavicle comprise between 50 and 80 percent of fractures seen in the settings under study. This kind of information should be helpful in better defining goals and methods for graduate training of family practice residents in orthopedics.

Family Practice↗

PubMed1996

Sports injuries in children and adolescents treated at a sports injury clinic.

This study presents the results of a three-year (1989-1991) retrospective survey of sports injuries to children and adolescents (5-17 years of age) treated at a sports injuries clinic (Crystal Palace, London). Of the total of 394 injuries, 178 (45.2%) were to females and 216 (54.8%) were to males. In both females and males the frequency of injuries showed a unimodal relationship with increasing age; the peak frequency in females occurred at age 13-14 years and in males at age 15-16 years. Fifty per cent of the injuries (197) were acute, 49.5% (195) were chronic and 0.5% (2) were inconclusive in diagnosis. Most of the acute injuries were muscle/tendon/ligament sprains, strains or contusions (62%) whereas most of the chronic injuries affected articular cartilage, epiphyseal and apophyseal growth plates (53%). Injuries to knees and ankles accounted for 51% of all injuries. The sports responsible for most injuries were characterised by i) explosive and/or high speed movements and/or ii) physical contact with apparatus, equipment or other players.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Disease patterns of the homeless in Tokyo.

In recent years, homelessness has been recognized as a growing urban social problem in various countries throughout the world. The health problems of the homeless are considerable. The purpose of this study was to elicit, with sociodemographic profiles, the disease patterns among Tokyo's homeless. The subjects were 1,938 men who stayed at a welfare institution from 1992 to 1996. Diagnosed diseases/injuries and sociodemographic profiles were analyzed. The disease patterns of the homeless were compared to those of the male general population. Of the subjects, 8.3% were admitted to the hospital; 64.0% received outpatient care. Their observed morbidity rates by disease category were greater than those of the male general population in both Japan and Tokyo. Comorbidity of alcoholic psychosis/alcohol-dependent syndrome to both liver disease and pulmonary tuberculosis were greater than the average (P < .01). Construction work brought a higher risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (odds ratio = 2.0) and dorsopathies (odds ratio = 1.4) than did other jobs (P < .05). Disease patterns among the homeless in Tokyo were characterized by alcoholic psychosis/alcohol-dependence syndrome; liver disease; pulmonary tuberculosis; diabetes mellitus; fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains; hypertension; and cerebrovascular disease. Although the sociodemographic backgrounds of Tokyo's homeless have become more diverse, the principal occupation of the homeless was unskilled daily construction work, which underlay the characteristics of their disease patterns.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries in collegiate wrestling.

We evaluated the data of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System on collegiate wrestling with a focus on musculoskeletal injuries. Over 800,000 athlete-exposures during an 11-year period compose these data. Findings particular to wrestling and a comparison with other collegiate sports are included. Collegiate wrestling had a relatively high rate of injury at 9.6 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. It was second to spring football in total injury rate. Most injuries in this study were not serious, with 6.3% resulting in surgery and 37.6% resulting in a week or more off from wrestling. There was only one catastrophic, nonfatal injury. The knee, shoulder, and ankle were the most commonly injured regions, and injuries to them were often the more serious. Sprains, strains, and contusions were the most common injury types. Takedowns and sparring were the most common activities at the time of injury. Mechanism of injury was evaluated; rotation about a planted foot and contact with environmental objects were identified as areas needing further attention. Illegal action accounted for only 4.6% of injuries in competition. Competition had a significantly higher injury rate than practice, but the injury profiles of these two areas showed both to be equally important. The preseason and regular season had higher injury rates than the postseason, but, again, the injury profiles of these periods were similar. Injury percentages were similar among the 10 weight classes.

Ankle Injuries↗

PubMed1988

Acute soft-tissue injuries in the young athlete.

Although the incidence of soft-tissue injury is high in the young athlete, one must be constantly aware of the tendency toward epiphyseal and apophyseal injuries in individuals with open growth plates. After the diagnosis of a soft-tissue injury (sprain, strain, or contusion) has been made, treatment must include an initial 24- to 48-hour period of RICE. Appropriate splinting may be required. Rehabilitation then proceeds aggressively, with early restoration of strength, flexibility, and joint range of motion. Prior to return to full athletic activity, the athlete should meet the criteria outlined in this article. Protective taping or bracing may be necessary upon return to full activity. The treatment of soft-tissue injuries should start with prophylaxis. All predisposing factors to the development of injury should be sought on preparticipation physical examinations and corrected prior to allowing the young athlete to compete. Using the program described as a guide to treating the injured athlete should result in early return to function with low recurrence rates of injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational injuries among emergency medical services personnel.

BACKGROUND: Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel treat 22 million patients a year in the United States, yet little is known of their injury risks. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of occupational injuries among EMS personnel, calculate injury rates, and compare the findings with those for other occupational groups. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of injury records kept by two urban agencies. The agencies submitted all 617 case reports for three periods between January 1, 1998, and July 15, 2002. The agency personnel worked an estimated 2,829,906 hours during the study periods. Cases were coded according to U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) criteria. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-nine cases met the DOL inclusion criteria. The overall injury rate was 34.6 per 100 full-time (FT) workers per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.5-37.6). "Sprains, strains, and tears" was the leading category of injury; the back was the body part most often injured. Of the 489 cases, 277 (57%) resulted in lost workdays, resulting in a rate of 19.6 (95% CI 17.3-21.9) per 100 FT workers; in comparison, the relative risks for EMS workers were 1.5 (95% CI 1.35-1.72) compared with firefighters, 5.8 (95% CI 5.12-6.49) compared with health services personnel, and 7.0 (95% CI 6.22-7.87) compared with the national average. CONCLUSIONS: The injury rates for EMS workers are higher than rates reported by DOL for any industry in 2000. Funding and additional research are critical to further defining the high risks to EMS workers and developing interventions to mitigate this serious problem.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed2002

Tug of war: introduction to the sport and an epidemiological injury study among elite pullers.

The objective of this study was to describe injury patterns among elite tug of war athletes, using a survey method. The setting was the World Tug of War (TOW) Championships in 1998. All 990 male and female athletes asked to participate. Demographic data, participation history, and injury history during TOW, including injury number and type, were collected. A total of 252 (187 males and 65 females) athletes completed the survey (25% response rate). Although males had been competing longer than females (9.3 +/- 6.9 years vs. 6.5 +/- 5.0 years, t-test, P < 0.005), the percentage of males (64/187 = 32%) and females (24/65 = 37%) females reporting TOW injuries was similar. Strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries, and the back (42%), shoulder-upper limb (23%), and knee (17%) were most commonly injured. Injury patterns were similar among males and females. Elite TOW athletes represent a diverse age range (15-55 years) of males and females who have competed for 5-10 years. About one-third will have suffered past TOW-related injuries, typically involving sprains or strains of the low back, shoulder girdle-upper extremity, and knee. The possibility of an increased injury rate among female TOW athletes warrants further study. Considerations for future research are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Flexibility and its effects on sports injury and performance.

Flexibility measures can be static [end of ROM (range of motion)], dynamic-passive (stiffness/compliance) or dynamic-active (muscle contracted, stiffness/compliance). Dynamic measures of flexibility are less dependent on patient discomfort and are more objective. Acute and chronic changes in flexibility are likely to occur with stretching exercises, but it is difficult to distinguish between changes in stretch tolerance as opposed to changes in muscle stiffness. How flexibility is measured impacts these findings. There is no scientifically based prescription for flexibility training and no conclusive statements can be made about the relationship of flexibility to athletic injury. The literature reports opposing findings from different samples, frequently does not distinguish between strain, sprain and overuse injury, and rarely uses the proper denominator of exposure. There is basic scientific evidence to suggest that active warm-up may be protective against muscle strain injury but clinical research is equivocal on this point. Typically, specific flexibility patterns are associated with specific sports and even positions within sports. The relationship of flexibility to athletic performance is likely to be sport-dependent. Decreased flexibility has been associated with increased in-line running and walking economy. Increased stiffness may be associated with increased isometric and concentric force generation, and muscle energy storage may be best manifested by closely matching muscle stiffness to the frequency of movement in stretch-shorten type contractions.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMed1993

Assessment of physical education faculty students' knowledge about first aid.

The Physical Education Faculty students are highly exposed to different types of accidents, mainly fracture, sprains, strain, cramp, bleeding and wounds. The present study revealed that more than half of the students had correct knowledge about first aid of three injuries only out of eight namely fracture, cramp and bleeding. Lack of knowledge noted regarding cut wound, penetrating wound, falling, sprains and epistaxis. It is recommended that first aid course should be taught by specialized medical personal and the course content should include theoretical knowledge plus clinical practice of first aid in correct ways.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMed2003

Agricultural injury in California migrant Hispanic farm workers.

BACKGROUND: Agriculture is among the most hazardous industries in the United States. METHODS: A longitudinal study of injury among migrant Hispanic farm workers residing in six Northern California Migrant Family Housing Centers (MHCs) during the 1997 harvest season was conducted. Participants completed an initial interviewer-administered work-and-health questionnaire at the beginning of the harvest season addressing the preceding year; there were three periodic follow-up surveys. RESULTS: There were 1,201 adult farm workers (participation 85.2%) who completed the initial questionnaire. Of these, 837 (69.7%) completed the final follow-up survey. There were 86 agricultural injuries (incidence 9.3/100 full-time equivalent employees (FTEs), 95% CI 7.5-11.5/100 FTE). Increased risk for agricultural injury occurred among women paid piece-rate (RR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8-12.8). Sprains and strains were most common (31%), followed by lacerations (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Agricultural injury experience in this cohort is comparable to that of agricultural workers in other U.S. settings. Increased risk among women paid piece-rate suggests further study and potential policy changes regarding payment regimens. Heterogeneity of injury in this population presents a major prevention challenge. In view of high frequency of strain and sprain injuries, ergonomic interventions deserve further study.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1989

Occupational injury and illness in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.

Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-four reports of OSHA-reportable occupational injury or illness cases in 1984 from member companies of a national trade association of semiconductor manufacturing firms were analyzed. The 37 participating manufacturing facilities represented 16 companies employing over 95,000 persons, or approximately one-third of the U.S. work force for this industry in 1984. The annual incidence rate for all reportable injuries and illnesses was 2.7 per 100 full-time employees (FTE) for men and 3.7 per 100 FTE for women. Strains, sprains, or dislocations were the most frequently reported incidents (N = 956 [31.9%]), followed by cuts, lacerations, punctures, scratches, and abrasions (N = 445 [14.9%]), and chemical burns (N = 401 [13.4%]). Increased work-loss days per case were associated with manufacturing sites that did not have an employee health clinic on the premises, with custodial occupations, and with female gender.

Data Collection↗

PubMed2007

Return-to-play decisions after cervical spine injuries.

This article summarizes the current evidence and expert opinion on making return-to-play decisions after cervical spine injuries. Injuries discussed include fractures, central cord neuropraxia, stringers, disc herniations, strains, sprains, and instability. Each of these injuries may be complicated by coexistence of other conditions making return-to-play decisions more complicated. The congenital, developmental, and disease processes discussed include spear tackler's spine, congenital and developmental stenosis, Klippel-Feil syndrome, odontoid abnormalities, rheumatoid arthritis, spina bifida, and Arnold-Chiari malformations. Postsurgical considerations are also discussed. This review represents an abundant amount of expert opinion that was overwhelmingly based on case series, case reports, and biomechanical studies to support the return-to-play guidelines.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary care for women. Comprehensive assessment of common musculoskeletal disorders.

This article reviews the common musculoskeletal disorders that are likely to be encountered in the women's primary care setting. Basic anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system are reviewed, and the assessment and treatment of complaints of strains, sprains, low back pain, chest pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, musculoskeletal pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis are discussed. Examples of low-technology treatment strategies are included.

Female↗

PubMed2005

Hospitalisation for injuries among Finnish conscripts in 1990-1999.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, trends and nature of hospitalisation for injuries among Finnish conscripts between 1990 and 1999. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A hospital discharge register study on the hospitalisation for injuries with a follow-up of 213509-person-years. RESULTS: During the 10-year study period, altogether 20016 hospitalisations for injuries were registered. Over this period, the annual incidence of hospitalisation for injuries declined with 26%, from 113.3 (95% CI: 108.7-118.0) per 1000 conscripts in 1990 to 84.1 (95% CI: 80.0-88.2) in 1999. Summer and autumn were the seasons with the highest incidence rates. Half of the injuries were sprains, strains, or fractures, and in half of the injuries, the anatomical location involved was the lower limb. The leading external causes of injuries were falls (31.8%) and injuries inflicted by foreign objects or machinery (18.5%). CONCLUSION: Although hospitalisations for injuries declined between 1990 and 1999, injuries are still an important cause of morbidity in the Finnish Defence Forces. Further studies to evaluate the risk factors and mechanisms of injuries are needed to develop effective prevention strategies.

Adolescent↗