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PubMed1987

Food stamps and the energy status of the U.S. elderly poor.

The energy status of poor elderly individuals in relation to the nonpoor elderly was examined using data from NHANES I and II. Within the poor population, the status of Food Stamp Program participants was compared with that of nonparticipants. The indicators of energy status used were weight (adjusted for height), triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and energy intake. Energy status was examined by analyses of variance; the effects associated with sex, race, age, geographic region, and other potentially confounding variables were included in the model. In both surveys, there were interactions of income and food stamp use with sex. That is, poor women had greater means for weight and triceps skinfold than the nonpoor. Among the poor women, the Food Stamp Program participants weighed more than the nonparticipants, and their triceps skinfold mean was greater in NHANES II than in NHANES I. The poor men had a lower mean for triceps skinfold than the nonpoor, but there was no difference between the program participants and nonparticipants. Hence, for the poor elderly in NHANES I and II, food stamp use was not consistently associated with differences in energy status, as indicated by weight, skinfold, and energy intake.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

[Free stamp-graft autodermoplasty in the treatment of granulating wounds and ulcers].

A new stamp--graft method of free autodermoplasty was used in 36 out of 70 patients operated upon with using stamps only and their combination with pedicled graft or partly put secondary sutures. It proved to be as effective as all other modifications of stamps with different methods and gave better final results as compared with the known publications concerning possible healing of dermatome split grafts known to have wider prospects in the treatment of mainly great burn wounds. Stamps and grafts were found to be more resistant to harmful effects of bad granulation medium, more reliable in adaptation and healing and to be good stimulators of the natural reparative regeneration. The optimum conditions were created by local oxybarotherapy, hemotransfusion by heparin--treated blood or direct transfusions and by preventing a purulent reaction by the administration of chlorophyllid, sulfomylon and enzymes.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed1995

New technique for laryngotracheal mucosa transplantation. 'Stamp' welding using indocyanine green dye and albumin interaction with diode laser.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate (1) the possibility of survival of free mucosa "stamp" grafts fixed in the airway with a new technique using indocyanine green-dyed albumin solder activated with a diode laser and (2) the degree of improvement of wound healing in the airway by applying modified microskin transplantation techniques from burn surgery to cover a relatively large wound with a few small pieces of mucosa anchored in place with the previously mentioned technique. DESIGN: Three (one control and two experimental) rectangular (10 x 8 mm) wounds in tracheal mucosa were produced in four experimental animals (dogs) using a carbon dioxide laser. The control wound was left uncovered. In the first experimental wound, a mucosal flap was raised and then fixed in place by a trapdoor flap method. In the second experimental wound, two small (each 2 x 3 mm) autogenous mucosa grafts were anchored onto the surface with indocyanine green-dyed albumin activated with an 810-nm diode laser. Histomorphologically, the postoperative results from three wounds were compared. RESULTS: The experimental wounds were completely covered by regenerated squamous cells in 1 week and by ciliated epithelium in 2 weeks after the operation despite the discrepancy in size of the graft to wound area (1:6.7) covered with the stamp mucosa. No thermal damage from the diode laser was noted in the second experimental wounds. In the control wounds, no coverage was observed at 1 week, and only squamous cells were noted 2 weeks postoperatively. All the wounds had normal ciliated epithelium coverage at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted stamp grafts provided similar or better healing than trapdoor flap transplants. This new technique made endoscopic mucosal grafting possible and offers a potential breakthrough in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis.

Albumins↗

PubMed1998

CHRONOMERGE: an application for the merging and display of multiple time-stamped data streams.

CHRONOMERGE is a database application that facilitates merging and display of multiple time-stamped data streams. Each stream is a table containing time-stamped values of one or more parameters (such as a panel of laboratory tests) for multiple patients, and is typically created by querying a clinical data respiratory. The data within a single stream therefore represent a pool of multiple time series. The merge operation is complex because of the numerous options to be considered, such as the granularity of the time interval for merge, and the choice of statistical aggregates. CHRONOMERGE combines multiple streams into a single stream based on patient and time, or time alone (if aggregates are to be computed across patients). It allows specification of various options through a graphical user interface and generates appropriate SQL code (or invokes procedural routines) to perform the merge. The resultant stream, or subsets of it, can then be displayed graphically. CHRONOMERGE is intended to facilitate the analysis of time-stamped data that have been extracted from repositories when standard tools (such as the time-series modules of statistics packages) are inadequate.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2001

Complete transection of the pancreas due to a single stamping injury: a case report.

Complete transection of the pancreas due to a single stamping injury is reported. A 47-year-old female was stamped on in the epigastric region by her common-law husband when lying on her back. Immediately after the stamping, she complained of severe abdominal pain. In an emergency hospital, the abdominal CT (computed tomography) scan showed a large haematoma around the pancreas head. In the surgical operation that followed, a complete transection of the pancreas between the head and body was unexpectedly discovered. Furthermore, severe traumatic changes were found in the liver, mesentery, splenic artery and vein. The medico-legal autopsy revealed marked haemorrhaging in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and rectus muscle in the epigastric region. The external blunt force that acted on the abdomen had forcibly compressed the pancreas against the spinal column. Blunt pancreatic injury is relatively uncommon, but pancreatic injuries should always be considered in patients or autopsy cases after external blunt force to the abdomen.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1983

Nocturnal penile tumescence with stamps: a comparative study under sleep laboratory conditions.

The usefulness of nocturnal penile tumescence with stamps to measure erections during sleep has been evaluated under laboratory conditions and compared to strain gauge recording. If the ring of stamps does not break a diagnosis of organic dysfunction is supported. However, if breakage occurs at the perforations no diagnostic conclusion can be made. The diagnostic importance of nocturnal penile tumescence with stamps is limited.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase in lung cancer studied using film in situ zymography stamp method.

In this study, we investigated activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) of lung cancer by newly developed film in situ zymography (FIZ) stamp method, which allows visual localization of gelatinolytic activity within the cut surface of a tumor. We performed FIZ stamp method and conventional gelatin zymography in 39 resected specimen of lung cancer. The degree of gelatinolytic activity was scored (FIZ score) and correlated with the clinicopathological factors of the tumor. FIZ score of normal lung was very low. Lung cancer tissue had consistently higher FIZ score than the matched normal lung tissue. There were statistically significant differences in the FIZ score according to the pathological stage (P = 0.0015), nodal status (P = 0.0007) and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0004). Direct correlation was observed between the FIZ score and MMP-2 activity (rho = 0.568, P = 0.0030) as quantitated using conventional gelatin zymography. MMP-2 may play an important role in the lymphatic invasion of lung cancer. FIZ stamp method may be a simple and useful diagnostic aid for the presence of cancer cells in the resected specimen.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Chemically patterned flat stamps for microcontact printing.

Locally oxidized patterns on flat poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamps for microcontact printing were used as a platform for the transfer of a hydrophilic fluorescent ink to a glass substrate. The contrast was found to be limited. These locally oxidized patterns were conversely used as barriers for the transfer of hydrophobic n-octadecanethiol. In this case a good contrast was obtained, but the pattern was found to be susceptible to defects (cracks) in the barrier layer. Local stamp surface oxidation and subsequent modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, for use as a barrier in the transfer of n-octadecanethiol, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, and octanethiol, resulted in remarkably good contrast and stable patterns. The improved ink transfer control is ascribed to the reduction of undesired surface spreading and a superior mechanical stability of the stamp pattern. This new approach substantially expands the applicability of microcontact printing and provides a tool for the faithful reproduction of even extremely low filling ratio patterns.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Light stamping lithography: microcontact printing without inks.

We report a new patterning method, called light-stamping lithography (LSL), that uses UV-induced adhesion of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). LSL is based on the direct transfer of the contact surface of the PDMS stamp to a substrate via a UV (254 nm)-induced surface bonding between the stamp and the substrate. This procedure can be adopted in automated printing machines that generate patterns with a wide range of feature sizes on diverse substrates. To demonstrate its usefulness, the LSL method was applied to prepare several PDMS patterns on a variety of substrates. The PDMS patterns were then used as templates for selective deposition of TiO2 thin film using atomic layer deposition as well as resists for selective wet etching.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Submerged microcontact printing (SmuCP): an unconventional printing technique of thiols using high aspect ratio, elastomeric stamps.

A technique for microcontact printing of thiols in liquid media is presented. Elastomeric poly(dimethyl siloxane) stamps are used to pattern gold surfaces with thiol-based self-assembled monolayers. The liquid (water in this case) has been used as an incompressible support and, advantageously, also acts as a medium in which alkylthiol ink molecules are poorly miscible. Consequently, we have been able to produce patterned thiol monolayers using stamps with aspect ratios unsuitable for conventional microcontact printing (i.e., 15:1) and present evidence to suggest that it is possible to use stamps with aspect ratios of up to 100:1.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Microscale features and surface chemical functionality patterned by electron beam lithography: a novel route to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp fabrication.

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has become a ubiquitous material for microcontact printing, yet there are few methods available to pattern a completed PDMS stamp in a single step. It is shown here that electron beam lithography (EBL) is effective in writing patterns directly onto cured PDMS stamps, thus overcoming the need for multiple patterning steps. Not only does this method allow the modification of an existing lithographic pattern, but new 3D features such as cones, pits, and channels can also be fabricated. EBL can also be used to fabricate PDMS masks for photolithography whereby 1:1 pattern transfer into a photoresist is achieved. Additionally, direct EBL writing of surface chemical features has been achieved using a PDMS stamp coated with a self-assembled monolayer. An electrostatic mechanism appears to be operative in the EBL patterning process, as supported by calculations, thermogravimetric analysis, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, optical and atomic force microscopy, and chemical functionalization assays.

Dimethylpolysiloxanes↗

PubMed2004

Food store access and household fruit and vegetable use among participants in the US Food Stamp Program.

OBJECTIVE: Recent research on access to food among low-income populations in industrialised countries has begun to focus on neighbourhood food availability as a key determinant of dietary behaviour. This study examined the relationship between various measures of food store access and household fruit and vegetable use among participants in the Food Stamp Program, America's largest domestic food assistance programme. DESIGN: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 1996-97 National Food Stamp Program Survey. The survey employed a 1-week food inventory method, including two at-home interviews, to determine household food use. Separate linear regression models were developed to analyse fruit and vegetable use. Independent variables included distance to store, travel time to store, ownership of a car and difficulty of supermarket access. All models controlled for a full set of socio-economic variables. SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of participants (n=963) in the Food Stamp Program. RESULTS: After controlling for confounding variables, easy access to supermarket shopping was associated with increased household use of fruits (84 grams per adult equivalent per day; 95% confidence interval 5, 162). Distance from home to food store was inversely associated with fruit use by households. Similar patterns were seen with vegetable use, though associations were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors are importantly related to dietary choice in a nationally representative sample of low-income households, reinforcing the importance of including such factors in interventions that seek to effect dietary improvements.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC programs increases the nutrient intakes of preschool children.

We examined the effects of household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC Nutrition Programs on the nutrient intakes of preschoolers using data from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Nonbreastfeeding children, 1-4 y of age, with 3 d of dietary data and whose households had incomes < 130% of the poverty level were included in the study sample (n = 499). Nutrient adequacy ratios for each of 15 nutrients were the dependent variables in multiple regression models that controlled for the following: age, sex and ethnicity of the individual; income, size and location of the household; schooling of the household head; home ownership; school lunch and breakfast participation; and season in which the interview was conducted. WIC benefits positively influenced (P < 0. 05) the intakes of 10 nutrients. For iron and zinc, the average increase due to WIC represented 16.6 and 10.6%, respectively, of the preschooler recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for these nutrients. The same analyses of the Food Stamp Program revealed increases in five nutrients. For iron and zinc, the average increase due to Food Stamps represented 12.3 and 9.2%, respectively, of the preschooler RDA. The effects of the WIC Program on the intakes of iron and zinc were greater than that of cash income, and neither program affected the intakes of fat, saturated fat or cholesterol.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The Stamp-in-Safety program: a behavioral intervention to reduce behaviors that can lead to unintentional playground injury in a preschool setting.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce and evaluate the Stamp-in-Safety program, a behavioral intervention designed to increase the quality of supervision by teachers on preschool playgrounds and to reduce the risk of unintentional child playground injury. METHODS: A quasi-experimental time series design was used, with observational techniques, to evaluate behavior on the playground before, during, and after the intervention as well as during a 6-month post-intervention assessment. RESULTS: Both applied behavior analysis techniques and inferential statistics suggest that the Stamp-in-Safety program resulted in behavioral changes likely to reduce the risk of child injury on the playgrounds of childcare centers. CONCLUSION: Results indicate promise for the Stamp-in-Safety program as a low-cost, easily implemented intervention to reduce pediatric playground injury risk at childcare centers. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Electron microscopic study of erythroblastic islands obtained by 'tissue-stamp culture' method.

A new 'tissue-stamp culture' method was developed for stamping proliferating erythroblasts of mouse spleens on collagen-coated coverslips after inducing haemolytic anaemia by administration of 1-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine, and then adherent splenic cells were cultured for a few days. We could obtain many erythroblastic islands, where cultured erythroblasts were located over macrophages and were proliferated synchronously for 10-30 h, and then the erythroblasts were differentiated and enucleated after 30-50 h in the presence of erythropoietin. To observe three-dimensional structures of the erythroblastic islands, a scanning electron microscope was used for the cultured cells treated with critical point-drying method. Immature wrinkled erythroblasts with many micropinocytic pits were attached to the central area of the flattened macrophages with many cytoplasmic projections, though matured erythroblasts were localized on their peripheral areas. Moreover, cytoplasmic projections of underlying macrophages, which were attached to the matured erythroblasts, were decreased in number. At a late stage, deep cytoplasmic invaginations of erythroblasts observed at a middle stage became shallow after their enucleation and flattened to form their concave shapes. This 'tissue-stamp culture' system would be useful for studying specific interaction between stromal macrophages and haematopoietic cells.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗

PubMed2001

Transdermal drug delivery by electroporation applied on the stratum corneum of rat using stamp-type electrode and frog-type electrode in vitro.

Transdermal enhancement effects of electroporation applied only on the stratum corneum by two electrode types, the stamp-type electrode and the frog-type electrode, were investigated in vitro using excised rat skin. Carboxyfluorescein (CF) was selected as a model compound. The excised skin was set in a Franz type diffusion cell and a square wave electric pulse was applied to the stratum corneum under various electric pulse conditions. We determined the permeability of CF to the receptor compartment under these conditions. Voltage, electric pulse length, and number of electric pulses, were varied from 10 to 1000 V, 50 micros to 15 ms and 5 to 30 pulses, respectively. Flux rate was enhanced as the electric pulse condition strengthened. However, the maximum value was attained in the flux rate, above which no increase was observed despite strengthening of the electric pulse. Although at low electric pulses, the enhancement effect of the frog-type electrode was superior to that of the stamp-type electrode, the maximum flux rates were the same. These results indicate that electroporation on the stratum corneum using the stamp-type electrode or frog-type electrode, is useful for transdermal drug delivery.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1999

The impact of the AFDC and Food Stamp programs on child nutrition: empirical evidence from New Orleans.

This study tests the hypotheses that the participation in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Food Stamp programs has a positive impact on children's nutritional status, after controlling for other potentially important household- and individual-level characteristics. The analysis is based on the responses of a health facility survey of 246 pairs of low-income mothers and children in New Orleans. The results indicate that participation in the AFDC and Food Stamp programs is associated with increased anthropometric status of children, but the foods consumed by children in families receiving welfare benefits were of significantly lower nutritional value than foods consumed by other children. Among the study's conclusions are the following: (1) in this low-income setting, AFDC and Food Stamp benefits are associated with higher food expenditures, higher anthropometric levels, but inferior diets, and (2) female-headed households spend more on food expenditures than other households, after controlling for other individual- and household-level characteristics.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[Work load due to stamping task as a simple repetitive hand work (author's transl)].

An experimental study was carried out on stamping task using no conveyers with short work cycle which was taken as featuring simple repetitive hand work. Each phase of this work was allowed to each subject. Seventeen healthy adults, 8 males and 9 females, were engaged in the 120 minutes, stamping task. They were tested by their function of concentration maintenance (TAF), by flicker frequency and 30 items of subjective symptoms as advocated by the Japan Association of Industrial Health. Quantities of work for each 10 minutes were calculated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Number of stamped cards by male subjects was more than that by female subjects. 2) Pace of work performance in the female subjects was being kept more in balance with their capacity in comparison with the male subjects. 3) The results of TAF and FF tests showed that the body load in the male subjects were greater than in the female subjects.

Adult↗