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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The efficacy of intranasal mupirocin in the prevention of staphylococcal infections: a review of recent experience.

Staphylococcal infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present a particular problem because of the costs of treatment and containing outbreaks. The role of nasal carriage of staphylococci in the epidemiology of staphylococcal infection has been recognized for over 30 years. Until recently, eradication of nasal carriage of S. aureus has proved difficult, with a variety of topical and systemic agents yielding poor results with either little discernible effect on nasal carriage or rapid recolonization. Mupirocin is a novel topical antibiotic with excellent antibacterial activity against staphylococci, including MRSA. Intranasal administration of calcium mupirocin has achieved excellent results in the eradication of nasal carriage of S. aureus and producing an associated reduction in S. aureus infection in a variety of clinical settings, including MRSA outbreaks, neonatal nurseries, haemodialysis, cardiothoracic surgery and familial staphylococcal infections. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of intranasal mupirocin in the prevention of staphylococcal infections.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pleuropulmonary staphylococcal infection in newborn infants].

Pulmonary pleural staphylococcal infection is common in sub-Saharan Africa. It is rare in temperate zones and occurs in different epidemiological conditions. In African regions, very few staphylococcal infections are hospital-acquired, with most cases resulting from infection in everyday life. Pulmonary pleural staphylococcal infection typically affects infants. The frequency of neonatal forms is unknown. We describe here in the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of a case of pulmonary pleural staphylococcal infection in a newborn. The symptoms of our patient were typical, involving predominantly mechanical and hematological problems. The prevention of infection in very young children and early treatment of such infections could reduce the morbidity of this disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

[Current problems posed by staphylococcal infections in pediatric patients].

A PEDIATRIC PATHOGEN: Staphylococci remain one of the most important pathogenic agents leading to community-acquired infection in children. Over the last decades, there has been an evolution in the localizations of these infections: dramatic pleuropulmonary staphylococcal infection in newborns has almost entirely disappeared in developed countries. Conversely, skin infections and soft tissue infections as well as bone and joint localizations are frequent. The severity of these bone and joint infections has however declined allowing less aggressive therapeutic regimens. One of the current problems is the risk of emergence of meticillin-resistant strains causing community-acquired infections. Such infections have been very rare in France but careful monitoring is nevertheless necessary. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION: Staphylococci are however the leading cause of nosocomial infections in children, particularly in intensive care units. All localizations are concerned, especially catheter-related septicemia and pneumonia. There has been an increasing trend for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. Most of the strains isolated are meticillin-resistant. TOXINS: Staphylococcus aureus secretes toxins leading to specific diseases: enterotoxins cause food-poisoning and exofoliatines cause generalized exfoliation and bullous impetigo. Staphylococcal scarlatina is related to the shock provoked by staphylococcal toxins: TSST-1 and entrotoxins. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome is a relatively new entity more frequently observed in adults but which was initially described in children. The disease may develop during any staphylococcal infection, particularly after superinfection of a skin burn or varicella. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TOXINS: Staphylococcal toxins act like superantigens, capable of provoking polyclonal activation of a large number of T cells. This leads to the release of an important quantity of cytokines that intervene in the pathogenesis of toxic diseases. This polyclonal activation has been observed in other pediatric diseases of unknown origin but in which the involvement of staphylococcal toxins can be suspected. There is solid evidence in favor of staphylococcal toxins in Kawasaki syndrome. Likewise, these toxins could be implicated in sudden death syndrome in infants and in acute exacerbations of atopic exzema.

Bacterial Toxins↗