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PubMed1995

[Occurrence and distribution of swine diseases and their control in Denmark].

Within the EU, Denmark belongs to the countries with the highest health status of pig herds. The paper describes, apart from the general animal disease control strategy, particularly the control of Aujeszky's Disease and the prevention of the importation of porcine epidemics. Finally, the Danish "antiporcine-salmonellosis-programme" is explained and general remarks on the minimization of health risks to pig herds are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A practical approach to diagnosis of swine diseases.

Blood samples from the vena cava or jugular vein should be chilled but not frozen, and serum chilled or frozen. Tissue specimens for bacteriologic or virologic examination should be chilled in individual plastic bags and frozen if not submitted immediately. Live pigs should be submitted for TGE studies. Tissue specimens for histologic examination should be placed in formalin and not frozen. Aborted fetuses and fetal membranes are more useful if fresh. In baby pigs, the rectal temperature and WBC counts are not reliable indicators of health; the liver may be yellow and the kidneys petechiated in normal baby pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical changes caused by Lelystad virus in experimentally induced infections of mystery swine disease (synonym: porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS)).

The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of Lelystad virus was studied in six 6-day-old SPF piglets. A third passage of the agent was propagated on porcine alveolar macrophages and intranasally inoculated into pigs. Pigs were killed at hours 24, 48, 60, and 72, and on days 6 and 8 after inoculation. From day 2 on pigs developed diffuse interstitial pneumonia with focal areas of catarrhal pneumonia, and from this day on splenic red pulp macrophages were enlarged and vacuolated. Lelystad virus was re-isolated from the lungs of infected pigs from day 2 after inoculation. Lelystad virus antigens were detected by immunohistochemical techniques in bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar cells, and in spleen cells of infected pigs from day 2 after inoculation. Ultrastructural examination of tissues by electron microscopy revealed degenerating alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells in lungs and nasal mucosa, with excessive vacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the respiratory tract seems to be the target organ for this virus, macrophages in other organs, such as the spleen, can also be infected. This preference for macrophages may impair immunological defences.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2004

Lymphoglandular complexes are important colonic sites for immunoglobulin A induction against Campylobacter jejuni in a swine disease model.

Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of serious food-borne illness. In an experimental model of human infection, germfree pigs were given C. jejuni, the whipworm Trichuris suis, dual infections with C. jejuni and T. suis, or no infection. In dual-infected pigs, a synergistic effect between C. jejuni and T. suis was observed 27 days after infection, when T. suis fourth-stage larvae were found in the proximal colon. In dual-infected pigs, lymphoglandular complexes (LGCs) in the distal colon were substantially enlarged, and C. jejuni was detected in cells of the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and in cells with macrophage morphology within these follicles. In the study reported here, cell types in colonic tissues from these pigs were analyzed by use of immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses for cell surface markers (IgM, IgG, IgA, CD4, CD8, MHC Class II, and macrophage SWC3a). To our knowledge, we provide the first description of cell types in mammalian LGCs, document that they have all elements necessary for antigen processing, and demonstrate the appearance of IgA germinal centers (GC) in LGCs from C. jejuni-infected pigs (single or dual infected). Ileocecal Peyer's patches (ICPP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) also had IgA GC development if C. jejuni was present, but LGCs had the greatest amount of anti-C. jejuni staining, and appreciable increase in overall follicle size and size and number of GCs committed to IgA production. LGCs are present in humans and other mammals and are important in other enteric infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Adventitious pestivirus RNA in live virus vaccines against bovine and swine diseases.

Live virus vaccines against bovine and porcine diseases were examined for the presence of adventitious pestivirus RNA or pestiviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pestivirus RNA was detected in the live virus vaccines against Akabane disease, Ibaraki disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, porcine parvovirus infection, transmissible gastroenteritis and Japanese encephalitis. Pestivirus RNA or pestivirus in the fetal bovine serum used to grow the host cells used to prepare the bovine and swine viral vaccines is a likely source of the contamination. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR products suggests that modified live virus vaccines being used for immunization of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea was not responsible for the contamination of the vaccines examined.

Animals↗