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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

The early systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with hypertonic saline and hypertonic saline 6% dextran-70: a comparative study in dogs.

The smaller volemic state from hypertonic (7.5%) saline (HS) solution administration in hemorrhagic shock can determine lesser systemic oxygen delivery and tissue oxygenation than conventional plasma expanders. In a model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs, we studied the systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of HS and hyperoncotic (6%) dextran-70 in combination with HS (HSD) solutions in comparison with lactated Ringer's (LR) and (6%) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions. Forty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and subjected to splenectomy. A gastric air tonometer was placed in the stomach for intramucosal gastric CO(2) (Pgco(2)) determination and for the calculation of intramucosal pH (pHi): The dogs were hemorrhaged (42% of blood volume) to hold mean arterial blood pressure at 40-50 mm Hg over 30 min and were then resuscitated with LR (n = 12) in a 3:1 relation to removed blood volume; HS (n = 12), 6 mL/kg; HSD (n = 12), 6 mL/kg; and HES (mean molecular weight, 200 kDa; degree of substitution, 0.5) (n = 12) in a 1:1 relation to the removed blood volume. Hemodynamic, systemic, and gastric oxygenation variables were measured at baseline, after 30 min of hemorrhage, and 5, 60, and 120 min after intravascular fluid resuscitation. After fluid resuscitation, HS showed significantly lower arterial pH and mixed venous Po(2) and higher systemic oxygen uptake index and systemic oxygenation extraction than LR and HES (P < 0.05), whereas HSD showed significantly lower arterial pH than LR and HES (P < 0.05). Only HS and HSD did not return arterial pH and pHi to control levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, all solutions improved systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation after hemorrhagic shock in dogs. However, the HS solution showed the worst response in comparison to LR and HES solutions in relation to systemic oxygenation, whereas HSD showed intermediate values. HS and HSD solutions did not return regional oxygenation to control values.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of the biocompatibility of phosphate-buffered saline alone, phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with glucose, and dianeal 3.86%.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of intraperitoneal infusion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), of PBS supplemented with 3.86% glucose (G), and of standard dialysis solution [Dianeal 3.86%: Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A. (D)] on intraperitoneal inflammation in dialyzed rats. METHODS: After catheter implantation, rats were infused on day 1 with PBS, on day 3 with PBS+G, on day 5 with D, and on day 7 again with PBS (PBS-2). After a 4-hour dwell, dialysate samples were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All dialysate parameters studied [dialysate cell count, neutrophil:macrophage ratio (Ne:Ma), and total protein], except tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), were comparable during both PBS infusions. During dialysis with PBS+G, the inflammatory response was suppressed as compared with the first dialysis with PBS (cell count, p < 0.001; Ne:Ma, p < 0.05; TNFalpha, p < 0.001; total protein, p < 0.001). During dialysis with D, peritoneal inflammatory parameters were further suppressed (cell count, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.01 vs PBS+G; Ne:Ma, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.05 vs PBS+G; TNFalpha, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.001 vs PBS+G; total protein, p < 0.001 vs PBS and p < 0.01 vs PBS+G). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertonicity of the dialysis fluid suppresses intraperitoneal inflammatory parameters in rats. The suppression was even more severe when Dianeal 3.86% was used. That finding could be due to the low pH and presence of GDPs in the fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of sucrose, saline, and saline with egg-yolk diluents on the cryopreservation of cane toad (Bufo marinus) sperm.

Previous studies on cane toad (Bufo marinus; Bufonidae; Anura) sperm cryopreservation were extended to compare the effects of cryopreservation in established sucrose (non-ionic) diluents with cryopreservation in ionic diluents containing amphibian Ringer solutions (with and without egg-yolk). In addition, methanol was tested as a cryoprotectant for B. marinus sperm for the first time. Twenty-seven cryoprotective solutions were trialled, with each containing one of the three diluents [10% (w/v) sucrose, simplified amphibian Ringer (SAR) or SAR/egg-yolk], with one of the three cryoprotectants (Me(2)SO, glycerol, or methanol) at one of the three concentrations (10%, 15%, or 20% v/v). Sperm were collected by maceration of testes into cryoprotective solutions with post-thaw recovery assessed as the percentage of motile sperm and the degree (vigour) of motility. Percentage motility was the most sensitive measure of post-thaw recovery. The recovery of motility was lowest in Ringer (SAR) diluents and highest in sucrose diluents, with improved motility in SAR diluents when egg-yolk was added. Methanol was the poorest cryoprotectant and Me(2)SO the most effective. Methanol at high concentrations was shown to support recovery in sucrose diluent but not in SAR, although its effectiveness in SAR was improved by egg-yolk. Overall, the efficacy of diluents in supporting a high percentage of sperm recovery was in declining order: sucrose>SAR/egg-yolk>SAR diluents, and with cryoprotectants: Me(2)SO>glycerol>methanol. In conclusion, SAR offers less potential as a diluent than sucrose, presumably due to the presence of inorganic ions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Studies on H-Translocating ATPases in Plants of Varying Resistance to Salinity : I. Salinity during Growth Modulates the Proton Pump in the Halophyte Atriplex nummularia.

Membrane vesicles were isolated from the roots of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia Lindl. H(+)-translocating Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was manifested by the establishment of a positive membrane potential (measured as SCN(-) accumulation); and also by the establishment of a transmembrane pH gradient (measured by quinacrine fluorescence quenching). H(+)-translocation was highly specific to ATP and was stable to oligomycin. Growing the plants in the presence of 400 millimolar NaCl doubled the proton-translocating activity per milligram of membrane protein and otherwise modulated it in the following ways. First, the flat pH profile observed in non-salt-grown plants was transformed to one showing a peak at about pH 6.2. Second, the lag effect observed at low ATP concentration in curves relating SCN(-) accumulation to ATP concentration was abolished; the concave curvature shown in the double reciprocal plot was diminished. Third, sensitivity to K-2 (N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid stimulation was shown in salt-grown plants (about 40% stimulation) but was absent in non-salt-grown plants. Fourth, the KCl concentration bringing about 50% dissipation of ATP-dependent SCN(-) accumulation was 20 millimolar for salt-grown plants and 50 millimolar for non-salt-grown plants. Vanadate sensitivity was shown in both cases. No clear NO(3) (-) inhibition was observed.

Journal Article↗