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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Skin aging. Effect on transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, and casual sebum content.

This study investigates the effect of cutaneous aging on transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration (capacitance), skin surface pH, and causal sebum content. Because the physiologic condition of skin varies considerably with anatomic region and skin aging might demonstrate regional variability, all factors were studied on 11 anatomic locations in 14 young adult (seven female and seven male subjects; 26.7 +/- 2.8 years [mean +/- SD]) and 15 aged human volunteers (seven female and seven male subjects; 70.5 +/- 13.8 years). Significant anatomic variability was noted for all factors in both age groups. However, no significant differences between the two groups were noted for sebum, capacitance, and pH on most anatomic regions. Transepidermal water loss, however, was significantly lower in the aged population on all anatomic regions tested, except for the postauricular region and the palm. Comparing male and female volunteers, none of the four factors showed significant differences. Of all measured factors, only transepidermal water loss showed significant age-related differences on most anatomic regions studied. The additionally observed differences between the age groups on the ankle for pH and sebum might be related to the stasis frequently observed on the lower limbs in aged individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of an orally administered arotinoid, Ro 15-0778, on sebum production in man.

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-y-[(E)-alpha-methylstyryl]- naphthalene (Ro 15-0778), a potent inhibitor of sebaceous gland activity in several animal models has been administered to male volunteers in dosages of 1, 2, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day and 2 g/day for 8 weeks. Sebum production was measured before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. At the dosage levels of 1, 2, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day there was no decrease in sebum secretion. With the dosage of 2 g/day, a significant decrease in sebum secretion was seen after 8 weeks of treatment with Ro 15-0778.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1982

Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on sebum production and Propionibacterium acnes in severe nodulocystic acne.

Ten patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrated a 70% reduction in sebum excretion on the forehead and cheek. An average reduction of 66% occurred in the 1st month, slowly increased to 70% by the 3rd month, and then remained constant for the final 2 months of therapy. Concomitant with this sebum excretion reduction was a fall in the number of Propionibacterium acnes recovered from both sites. Pretreatment values of 10(4) P. acnes per square centimeter (cm2) fell to 10(3) per cm2 after 1 month and 10(2) after 9 months of therapy. P. acnes was not recovered from six of the ten subjects in the following 3 months and only at levels of 10(2) per cm2 in three subjects. One subject's P. acnes level was reduced to only 10(4) per cm2. Following discontinuation of therapy, sebum levels and P. acnes counts showed a trend to recover to pretreatment levels within 2 months.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1984

The effect of environmental temperature on the excretion time of sebum in different genotypes of cattle.

The sebum excretion times (SET) were studied in two breeds of cattle, Bos taurus (SH) and the more heat tolerant B. indicus (GB). Both breeds were maintained in thermoneutral (24 degrees C) and hot (32 degrees C) environments. SET was defined as the time between synthesis and release of sebum on to the skin surface. The SET was 7 days in SH and 6 days in GB animals at 24 degrees C but was a day earlier at 32 degrees C for each breed. The changing SET with environmental temperature was associated with an increased rate of synthesis of sebum with increased body temperature.

Acetates↗
PubMed2000

Behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) on waterbuck Kobus defassa Ruppel and feeding membranes smeared with waterbuck sebum indicates the presence of allomones.

The behavioural responses of caged individual teneral Glossina morsitans morsitans on waterbuck and ox and on feeding membranes with and without smears of different doses of waterbuck sebum were compared. No significant difference was found in the initial landing behaviour on the two animals, nor on treated and control parts of the membrane. However, the subsequent behaviours of the flies were significantly different. Whereas none of the flies that landed on the ox showed any escape behaviour, more than a third of those that initially landed on waterbuck departed before probing. Similar results were obtained on feeding membranes treated in part with 1.0 or 1.4 mg cm(-2) of waterbuck sebum. Moreover, flies that landed on waterbuck or its sebum changed probing sites more often and probed significantly longer. The proportions that initiated feeding during the 10 min observation period were also significantly less. Our results suggest the presence of both volatile and non-volatile allomones on waterbuck which would account for low numbers of flies found attracted to and feeding on waterbuck in the wild.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Recent trend of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and their related compounds in the blood and sebum of Yusho and Yu Cheng patients.

We investigated the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and their related compounds in blood and sebum from Yusho and Yu-Cheng patients and findings compared with those of normal subjects. Concentrations of these compounds in blood and sebum still were obviously reflected the chemical concentration in the causal rice oil ingested 17 or 26 years since the outbreak. In addition, sebum form the body surface was the most useful sample for monitoring the amount of chemicals contaminating the human body.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary assessment of alginic acid as a factor buffering triethanolamine interacting with artificial skin sebum.

Triethanolamine is an ethanolamine used as counter-ion for fatty acid soaps. Interaction between triethanolamine and free fatty acids is suggested to be useful for cleansing sebaceous follicles in acne prevention. This study describes the preliminary assessment of alginic acid as a factor buffering triethanolamine interacting with stearic acid--a compound of artificial skin sebum. Penetration of triethanolamine into artificial sebum, induced by the above mentioned interaction, was measured using a specific optical method. The values of the penetration depth amounted to 0.07-5.74 mm. pH values were measured. The value of pH is reduced from 10.06 for pure 1.49% (w/w) aqueous triethanolamine solution to 6.61 with the increase of the alginic acid to triethanolamine ratio in the preparations. The data of this in vitro research will support further study on other anionic polymers as factors buffering ethanolamines penetrating artificial skin sebum.

Alginates↗
PubMed1980

Sebum levels during the first year of life.

Skin surface lipid levels in forty-five newborn babies and 193 infants aged less than 12 months were determined by an optical density method, using samples collected on ground glass. Although there was a wide individual range, sebum levels in the first week of life were very high, and were of the same magnitude as in adults. Females displayed a different pattern of sebum excretion from males. On the first day of life, the levels in females were lower than in the males but a large increase took place between the 3rd and 6th day, followed by a fall, bringing the level below that of the males. At 6 months the levels were low in both sexes. These findings suggest that there is a strong stimulation of sebum secretion before birth which probably stops at or soon after birth. Androgen may be involved in this stimulation and the probable role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Differences in the lipid constituents of sebum from pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects.

Significant differences have been reported in the composition of skin surface lipid in pre-pubertal subjects when compared to pubertal subjects. Analytical studies were performed to determine whether group mean changes in the fatty acid composition of the triglyceride and wax ester fractions of sebum could be detected in pre-pubertal versus pubertal subjects. Twenty males (ages 6-9), twenty females (ages 6-9) and twelve teenagers (ages 11-16) were studied. Skin surface lipid was examined by densitometry and gas chromatography. There were significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the wax fraction of sebum in the 11-16-year-old children when compared to the 6-9-year-old group. As wax is of sebaceous gland origin, this may represent a change in sebum composition probably in response to the hormonal stimulus. Changes in the fatty acid fraction of triglycerides were also noted with age, but this may be due to the change in source of triglyceride from predominantly epidermal origin to sebaceous gland origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A double-blind study of the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid on acne, sebum excretion rate and microbial population.

Forty-eight acne patients were treated orally with 13-cis-retinoic acid in a double-blind dose response study. There was a marked clinical improvement with a concomitant reduction in sebum excretion rate (SER) and production rate of free fatty acids (FFA). Microbial numbers decreased significantly; the decrease in propionibacteria was greater than that of aerobic bacteria. The decline in micro-organisms occurred after the reduction in sebum and FFA production. This suggests that the effect of the drug upon micro-organisms is secondary to the change in sebum excretion but it is nevertheless an important factor in the resolution of the acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1983

Topical benzoyl peroxide increases the sebum excretion rate in patients with acne.

Investigations on fifteen patients with acne showed that at the end of 1 and 2 months of treatment 5% benzoyl peroxide increased the sebum excretion rate by 22.5%. This rise in sebum excretion is probably due to the comedolytic activity of benzoyl peroxide which will influence the pooling of sebum in the upper reaches of the pilosebaceous duct.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1984

Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion.

In a consecutive series of thirty-six male and female patients referred with severe acne, the effect of 3 months' treatment with placebo or spironolactone (50-200 mg daily) on sebum excretion and clinical and endocrine status was evaluated double-blind. Twenty-six patients completed the study. Abnormal free androgen indices were found in 27% of the original nineteen female subjects. Spironolactone reduced sebum excretion in all female subjects, but there was no correlation between sebum response and androgen status. The clinical response was dose-dependent, with maximum subjective and objective benefit when spironolactone doses of 150-200 mg were used.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1993

The vellus hair follicle in acne: hair growth and sebum excretion.

In this study we investigated the activity of the vellus hair follicle in acne. Hair growth and sebum excretion in vellus hair follicles were measured on the forehead and back of men, and on the forehead, cheek, and back of women with acne. Hair growth was assessed by computerized image analysis (phototrichogram), and sebum excretion by computer analysis using Sebutape. In patients with acne, marked differences were revealed when results were compared with recent data from healthy persons. In particular, the mean growth rate of vellus hairs was higher, whereas the percentage of anagen hairs was lower, and the duration of the anagen phase shorter in patients with acne than in healthy individuals. Hair growth and sebum excretion depended significantly (P < 0.01) on the anatomical site (forehead 414 hairs/cm2, 0.053 mm/day, 34%; back 93 hairs/cm2, 0.16 mm/day, 21%). In addition, analysis of hair growth revealed significantly higher values in females than in males for (i) percentage of anagen hairs (P > 0.01), (ii) for vellus hair length (P < 0.05), and (iii) for the duration of the anagen phase (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that the activity of the vellus hair follicle is influenced by acne, and vice versa, and therefore its role in the aetiopathogenesis of acne should be reconsidered.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a topical erythromycin-zinc formulation on sebum delivery. Evaluation by combined photometric-multi-step samplings with Sebutape.

Zinc displays 'in vitro' some antiandrogen activity through an inhibition of the 5 alpha-reductase activity. The clinical relevance of this effect is unknown, particularly during zinc therapy of acne. As sebum production could be a pharmacological target, a sensitive method was used for measuring the rate of sebum delivery to the skin surface during treatment with a topical 4% erythromycin-1.2% zinc acetate formulation. A series of four successive 1-h samplings with Sebutape was taken to derive the rate of sebum output from the slope of the regression line given by cumulative data. As a control the classical photometric method was used. Such combined evaluation revealed a sebosuppressive effect for the topical zinc formulation tested.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

New insight into the topical management of excessive sebum flow at the skin surface.

The sebum flow dynamics at the skin surface results from a multistep process starting with sebocyte proliferation, intracellular lipid synthesis, cell lysis in the sebaceous duct, storage of sebum in the follicular reservoir, discharge through the follicular opening and spreading over the stratum corneum. A handful of topical products may decrease the sebum output, most of them acting at the level of the follicular reservoir function. Among them, elubiol exhibits a clinically relevant effect on oily skin.

Dioxolanes↗
PubMed1996

Sebum excretion rate in subjects treated with oral all-trans-retinoic acid.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It is generally accepted that the inhibition of sebum excretion has a predictive value for anti-acne activity. Whereas oral 13-cisretinoic acid (13-cis-RA) decreases sebum excretion, it has not been shown so far if oral all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin, tRA) does so. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effect of oral tRA on the sebum excretion rate (SER) in young male subjects. METHODS: 12 healthy volunteers with a baseline SER above 1.0 microgram/cm2/min were treated with 20 mg/day tRA for 4 weeks. The SER was measured at weeks 2 and 4. Adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The mean SER varied from 1.56 at baseline to 1.65 at week 2 and to 1.49 micrograms/cm2/min at week 4. Comparison with values obtained in the same subjects previously treated with either 13-cis-RA or 9-cis-retinoic acid indicated that tRA less sebosuppressive. Mucocutaneous reactions and headache were the most frequent side effects of oral tRA. CONCLUSION: The lack of effect on the SER suggests that oral tRA would probably be ineffective against acne. The fact that, of the three isomers tested, only 13-cis-RA (which does not bind to nuclear receptors) shows activity may suggest that sebosuppression is not nuclear receptor mediated. We discuss other hypotheses related to pharmacokinetics.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the kinetics of sebum secretion in young women with and without acne.

We utilized a sebum-sensitive adhesive film, Sebutape, to visualize the pore patterns of women with and without acne with computerized image analysis. In normal young women, we found a positive correlation between the number of active sebaceous follicles and total sebum excretion. When seborrhea was intense, this correlation was however lost. The situation was more complex in acne. The severity of seborrhea was positively correlated with the mean sebum excretion of individual follicles but not with the number of active follicles.

Acne Vulgaris↗