PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Self-Management”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

An interpersonal-effectiveness approach to consumer health education: rationale and case study.

The development and implementation of a program for teaching prospective consumers of medical care services interpersonal-effectiveness advocacy skills are described. Parents of developmentally disabled children attended one of two six-hour workshops to learn self-management, communication and social influence skills for dealing more effectively with health consultants. Consumer satisfaction evaluations indicated that the workshops were successful, and directions for future research and development are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1975

The impact of illness in adolescence and coping behavior.

The emotional impact of serious illness or injury bears just as much potential for being disabling to an adolescent as does the condition itself. It is also these concerns and the possibilities for difficult behavior on the part of teenagers on the ward which frequently cause staff members to feel at a loss when caring for this reputedly difficult age group. But if one carefully examines the specific developmental stresses of illness and the various coping mechanisms by which the youth may counter them, a logical management approach emerges. To a large degree this approach depends on compensation, intellectualization, displacement and constructive denial but also recognizes that destructive denial, regression and projection do normally and naturally occur at various points in the course of illness and hospitalization and that panic and acting out may also readily occur, but less frequently. The deterence of the more deleterious responses and promotion of the more felicitious dependes on a ward setting which provides for the adolescent's growing need for independence and self-determination; for continued reassurance about body image integrity, for resumption of mastery and control; and for the maintenance or restoration of his sense of self-worth. These goals are achieved by encouraging the youth to be an active partner in his own care; to share in decisions made about his condition; to pursue just as much independent self-management as he can; to actively engage in establishing a peer group with other adolescents in the ward; to continue with his education, socialization, personal interests and outside peer contacts as much as possible; and to feel that the staff respects his dignity and privacy, likes him as a person and appreciates the courage and effort with which he is facing a difficult time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The Credit-Incentive system: motivating the participation of patients in a day hospital.

The Credit-Incentive System, a modified token economy, is a means of motivating the participation of day hospital patients in therapeutic activities through the use of contingent rewards. Credits are earned by patients for engaging in a wide variety of prosocial tasks and activities and can be spent for coffee, a free lunch, special time with professional staff, recreational events, and time off from the treatment centre. The receipt of credits is accompanied by social approval and recognition from the staff and other patients. Evaluations have shown that the credit system doubles the participation rate of patients in a partial hospitalization programme. The system also enhanced group cohesiveness, provides practice and feedback for cognitive re-integration, and offers opportunities of learning self-management. The results of two experiments suggest that the symbolic and social rewards mediated by the credits are the most important components of their effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjusting insulins.

The teaching of effective insulin adjustment is a formal process that benefits from being carried out in a standardized way. The unique methods outlined in this report have been taught to people with diabetes for over 8 years. Iterative in nature, the methods are safe and work to achieve specified blood glucose or HbA1c targets. They are designed to accommodate each individual's habits, recognizing that acceptance depends on adapting the medication to the life-style rather than vice versa. New technology was used to mediate insulin adjustments at home. Insulin adjustment of itself, however, is but one of five interdependent factors involved in successful self-management. These include (1) choosing sites of insulin injection; (2) choosing species of origin of insulins to be used; (3) reviewing life-style habits, including diet and exercise; (4) implementing dosage titration; and (5) follow-up. Lack of formalized insulin adjustment methods may be a major reason why many diabetes control programs fail to demonstrate significantly better metabolic control in their patients.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1992

Improving elders' continence state.

A 6-month study was conducted to assess the effects that noninvasive self-managed interventions on 12 remediable risk factors had on elder's urinary continence status. Each remediable risk factor was linked with a criterion meeting normal and if not normal, one or more interventions. Continence history assessments were conducted monthly on 31 elders (M age = 67.65 years). After the first assessment, elders were identified as continent, incontinent or at risk for loss of continence. At the end of the 6 months, 9 of the 11 incontinent elders moved to the at-risk group and the other 2 remained incontinent, and 12 of the 20 at-risk elders became continent. Both the elders who were initially at risk and those who were incontinent had a statistically significant reduction in the number of remediable risk factors reported at the end of the study period. The assessments and interventions are useful.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

Cost-Effectiveness of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Interventions in Cancer: Systematic Review and Parameter Extraction for Economic Modeling.

BACKGROUND: Complex digital interventions that integrate electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROM) into clinical practice in cancer have the potential to improve quality of life, increase survival, and reduce health resource use and costs. Such systems can help patients with cancer self-manage chemotherapy symptoms, reduce clinicians' workloads through automated decision support, and resolve problems earlier. However, more research on the cost-effectiveness of ePROM monitoring is needed. OBJECTIVE: This paper comprises two complementary components: (1) a systematic literature review summarizing and evaluating the quantitative and qualitative evidence related to the cost-effectiveness of ePROM monitoring and (2) a health economic model parameter extraction. We also conducted supplementary targeted searches and scoping to provide context to our findings. METHODS: We searched Ovid (including MEDLINE and Embase), Scopus, and the International Health Technology Assessment Database for original English-language papers published on or before March 2025 using search strings that combined terms related to ePROMs, health economics, and cancer/oncology. We included papers reporting health economic-related outcomes for ePROM interventions designed for adult cancer populations and excluded screening tools and conference abstracts. RESULTS: We included 34 publications from 27 unique studies and identified and analyzed 26 ePROM-integrated interventions within these. Most (23/26) of the included interventions explicitly described some form of alert handling and automated decision support based on remote ePROM monitoring. Of the 34 publications, 5 presented full cost-effectiveness analysis results, of which 3 were highly uncertain and lacked clear differences in costs and health outcomes between ePROMs and standard care; conversely, 2 presented strong evidence of cost-effectiveness due to quality-of-life improvements, reduced hospitalizations, and potentially more autonomy in health-related travel (eg, ePROM-monitored patients can drive or walk to the hospital instead of using taxis or ambulances). A further 5 publications reported partial health economic results (eg, cost-consequence and budget impact), of which 1 detected no difference in strategies; in contrast, 4 reported lower health resource use and costs of ePROMs, mainly due to hospitalization reductions. Overall, 12 of the 27 studies included a qualitative component but mostly focused on user experience and design-related themes; only 2 of these addressed economic-specific themes (eg, changes in workflow and resource use due to ePROM implementation and integration), indicating some potential for time saving due to ePROM monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Some ePROM-integrated interventions demonstrated cost-effectiveness in cancer care, but the evidence base remains limited. Where evidence does exist, cost-effectiveness appears driven by reduced hospitalization and improved quality of life. Qualitative research within the included studies rarely addressed economic questions. We provide a detailed parameter extraction for use in future economic modeling and recommend research priorities, including quantitative mapping of ePROM symptom data onto health resource use patterns, and qualitative work exploring how ePROM implementation affects clinical workloads and patient-perspective costs.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults. The Updated 2026 Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).

This 2026 consensus report from the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) builds on the 2021 consensus report to provide guidance for managing type 1 diabetes in adults. Reflecting the rapid advances in the field, this update places particular emphasis on the integration of new technologies, while all sections have been revised to incorporate new evidence, advances in clinical practice, and novel therapies, including interventions to delay the onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes. It also broadens its scope to screening for long-term diabetes complications, and the management of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Psychosocial care and diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) remain key elements.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of patient's knowledge of diabetes self-care.

A survey conducted at a Veterans Administration Hospital to evaluate patient capability for self-management found that over 35 per cent of the patients interviewed lacked any formal training. Seventeen patients had been placed on insulin without formal instruction. Almost one half the patients who claimed to have attended training programs could not demonstrate adequate knowledge or skills in any of the major areas of self-care: insulin administration, urine testing, diet, foot care, and management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. While patients with training were more knowledgeable than patients without training, the difference was slight. The results indicate the need for systematic analysis of patient knowledge and the evaluation of training programs on a continuing basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise in type I diabetes.

Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic subjects who exercise for whatever reason do this at the risk of hypoglycemia. To enjoy physical activities without major metabolic complications, diabetic patients can take measures to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia. These measures basically include preventing accelerated insulin absorption, mimicking physiological insulin secretion during exercise, supplying additional carbohydrates during exercise, and providing effective diabetes education. When adapting the insulin dose, duration and intensity of the work load, time of day, prevailing insulin levels, and the state of nutrition must be considered. Additional carbohydrates can prevent hypoglycemia when exercise is spontaneous and insulin dose reduction is impossible. Prevention of exercise-induced hypoglycemia may be best achieved if patients participate in intensive and comprehensive teaching programs for self-management of diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1975

Instructional, pacing, and feedback control of respiratory behavior.

Procedures designed to affect respiration rate and amplitude were assessed for 4 groups of 8 subjects each. The groups were exposed to combinations of procedures providing feedback for decreasing respiration amplitude, pacing respiration rate, and instructions on rate and amplitude of breathing. After an initial baseline, effects were examined during both treatment and self-management phases for respiratory activity and concurrent heart-rate and electromyogram activity. Reliable effects of pacing on respiration rate, and a slight, but non-significant effect on amplitude were observed. No effects were observed for any heart-rate or electromyogram measures.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1975

Personal management of growth: productivity, decision-making, emotion, and social behavior in my senior year.

The writer used self-recording and charting of his own behavior as a way to observe and manage changes during his senior year at high school. The method used has implications for the application of behavior modification technology to self-management, and to behaviors that occur inside an organism's skin. The results have implications for study of the Senior Slump", for college and career planning in high school, for clarifying interpersonal attitudes, and for keeping track of one's emotional well-being.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Is it possible to improve the teaching methods of physicians who instruct patients? Comparative analysis of the same courses given before and after teacher's training].

The goal of the present study is to compare the pedagogic involvement of two groups of doctors, both of which were in charge of teaching the same courses to diabetic patients. Important structural differences were-shown exit between the two series of courses. The first group of ten doctors (who not undergone any pedagogic training) applied either ex-catedra teaching methods or proceeded by systematically asking questions to the patients. These scholastic methods led to passive attitudes in their patients in listening and replies to a large number of questions. In the second group of ten doctors (who had undergone pedagogic training) learning practices and a stimulating didactic material were used which resulted in more diversified and more attractive responses in the participation of the patients. Providing improved didactic means on the behalf of the doctors is aimed at obtaining better knowledge from patients who have themselves to assume the self-management of their treatment.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Zagreb Medical School from the "Croatian spring" to the first multi-party elections].

Schools of Medicine are institutions for an integrative approach to diseases and health, comprising at the same time scientific, teaching and treatment aspects of the nosological entities. These three functions are optimal only when academic freedom and sufficient financial support are satisfied. The authors analyze the last twenty years of academic performance of the University of Zagreb School of Medicine which were considerably influenced by the external political demands imposed by the so-called self-management phase of former communist regime. The constant restructuring of the internal organization, lower investments in science and quantitative expansion in all the activities of the School were the major characteristics of this period. International comparisons, especially in the light of recent development of molecular biology, demonstrate that this was rather growth than development of the oldest School of Medicine of Croatia. The authors emphasize the importance of academic freedom and strong international cooperation for the development and maintenance of quality of teaching schools.

Croatia↗
PubMed1992

[Asthma therapy: are bronchodilators obsolete?].

Short acting beta 2-agonists, such as salbutamol, fenoterol and terbutaline, are the most potent bronchodilating agents in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks. In chronic asthma, however, they must be viewed as purely symptomatic treatment compared to antiinflammatory agents (inhaled corticosteroids, cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium), prophylactic agents which can also decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and thereby stabilize the disease. Modern asthma treatment are based on the present understanding of asthma pathophysiology and take into account the new therapeutic options with high dose inhaled steroids and long acting beta 2-agonists. Patients with only occasional asthma symptoms should receive inhaled short acting beta 2-agonists as needed. These agents continue to be central to the treatment of any asthmatic attack. If asthma symptoms occur more than 4-6 times a week a regular inhalative antiinflammatory regimen should be initiated (e.g. inhalative corticosteroids b.i.d.). In cases with frequent symptoms or persisting airway obstruction, regularly administered inhalative bronchodilators (beta 2-agonists, possibly long acting) should be added to high dose inhaled steroids. Treatment of severe acute asthma should always include systemic glucocorticosteroids (e.g. prednisone 30-60 mg/day). Special emphasis should be placed on self-management plans, encouraging patients to monitor and treat their disease themselves in close cooperation with the physician.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Asthma management preceding an emergency department visit.

BACKGROUND: The burden of illness from asthma in North America has not decreased despite advancements in understanding disease pathogenesis and improved pharmacotherapeutics. This study examined the adequacy of preventive measures applied to asthma. METHODS: Using a standardized self-administered questionnaire, 111 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department because of asthma were surveyed about their "usual" level of disability from asthma, usual medications, self-management plans to deal with an asthma attack, and environmental control measures. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of subjects suffered sleep disturbance more than 15 days per month, had work/school attendance affected more than 14 days per year, and previously visited an emergency department twice in the past year. Thirty-seven percent had no effective plans to deal with an attack and another 32% had plans that were never discussed with a physician. Although 78% reported that cigarette smoke aggravated their asthma, one third of these were exposed at home. CONCLUSIONS: For a significant proportion of adults requiring emergency health services for asthma, preexisting management was poor by current standards. We recommend that patients be screened by emergency physicians and those with identifiable inadequacies in usual care be referred to physicians with expertise in asthma management.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Self-treatment and self-monitoring in patients with bronchial asthma].

Regular assessment of the peak expiratory flow (PEF), which after proper instruction, the patient can do himself is important for evaluation of the activity of bronchial asthma. It is, however, essential to assess the optimal PEF values of every individual. For control of self-treatment it is important to know the daily variations of PEF and the degree of reversibility of bronchospasm after inhalation of a beta 2-adrenergic substance. Inadequate reversibility of bronchial obstruction despite repeated inhalation of a beta 2-adrenergic substance is usually caused by inflammation. Depending on the clinical status and changes of PEF the patient can, if properly instructed, start corticosteroid treatment in case of acute deterioration or increase the corticosteroid doses in case of subacute deterioration of the condition. Follow-up of PEF is important also for self-management in case of clinically latent deterioration and during maintenance treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Acquisition and retention of skills training methods in chronic schizophrenic outpatients.

Forty-one DSM-III-R schizophrenic subjects on constant, low-dose maintenance neuroleptic drug therapy (5-10 mg of fluphenazine decanoate intramuscularly every 2 weeks) were randomly assigned to structured and modularized skills training or to supportive group psychotherapy. The skills training was designed by using cognitive and behavioral methods to compensate for the learning disabilities that plague many schizophrenic patients. Skill acquisition was assessed by using quantified performance on standardized role-play tests. Subjects who received skills training made significant gains in each of the areas taught, whereas those who participated in the control psychotherapy group did not. The knowledge and skills learned during training were retained without significant erosion over a 1-year followup period. These results suggest that the use of structured principles of learning and cognitive therapy can effectively train schizophrenics in skill areas pertinent to the self-management of their illness.

Adult↗