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Results for “Stereotypic Movement Disorder”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Nocturnal paroxysmal arousals with motor behaviors during sleep: frontal lobe epilepsy or parasomnia?

Nocturnal paroxysmal arousals with motor behaviors have been described in a few individuals, and their possible epileptic origin as nocturnal frontal lobe seizures has been suggested. However, the clinical and polysomnographic differentiation from parasomnias and physiologic movements during sleep have not been clarified yet. In this study, we evaluated a group of patients with nocturnal motor behaviors and tried to characterize paroxysmal arousals. Thirty-four participants (mean [+/-SD] age 22.7 [+/-12.9] years) noting nocturnal motor agitation or behaviors and 12 healthy controls (mean age 24.1 [+/-3.1] years) underwent nocturnal polysomnography with video-tape recording and motor behaviors analysis. Arousals with motor attacks were classified as minimal, minor, or major depending on semiology, complexity, and duration of behaviors. All patients showed several minimal (e.g., scratching or rubbing the nose and the head) and minor (e.g., pelvic thrusting or swinging with dystonic component) attacks, and 53% also had major episodes (e.g., sudden elevation of the head and trunk from the bed with complex behaviors) occurring mainly in non-rapid eye movement sleep. In all the patients, motor attacks were characterized by stereotypy, sudden onset, short duration, and repetitiveness. In 80%, epileptiform abnormalities were found. All control subjects showed motor events, but they were fewer, slower, nonstereotyped, and semiologically different from the patients'. No significant difference in conventional sleep parameters between the two groups were found. Paroxysmal arousals with motor behaviors probably represent a particular form of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy rather than an unusual parasomnia. The semiologic characteristics of these type of arousals are difficult to recognize and differentiate from physiologic movements or parasomnias without video-polygraphic analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clomipramine treatment for stereotype and related repetitive movement disorders associated with mental retardation.

The efficacy of the serotonin uptake inhibitor clomipramine in the treatment of stereotyped and related repetitive behavior disorders was tested in individuals with severe and profound mental retardation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of clomipramine was associated with significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of stereotyped behavior and teacher ratings of stereotypy, hyperactivity, and irritability as well as increased adaptive engagement and decreased staff intervention for nontargeted behavior problems. Adverse effects occurred in 3 of the 10 subjects. Of the 7 subjects who tolerated the drug, 6 exhibited a clinically significant improvement in one or more repetitive behaviors. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that clomipramine is effective in treating stereotyped and related behaviors associated with mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of seizures originating in the amygdala and the hippocampus].

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in the hippocampus of some epileptic patients were first described one hundred and seventy years ago. Since then our knowledge of the relationship between epileptic seizures and temporal lobe lesions has greatly improved. DEVELOPMENT: The aim of this paper is to systematize the symptomatology of the hippocampus and amygdala seizures. These seizures may have a great number of different clinical features: special 'loss' or 'impairment of consciousness', epileptic automatisms and autonomic changes. Moreover, at the beginning of seizures some patients have reported experiences having subjective qualities similar to those experienced in everyday life. P Gloor named them 'experiential phenomena' and subdivided them into affective (eg: fear), perceptual (eg: visual hallucinations) and mnemonic (eg: 'déjà vu' illusion). CONCLUSION: It is very important to know the contribution of the hippocampus and the amygdala to the symptomatology of temporal lobe seizures due to the progress of MRI diagnostic possibilities that are improving the surgical outcome.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2004

[Primary versus secondary stereotypic movements].

Stereotypic movements are repetitive patterns of movements whose physiopathology and relations to other neurobehavioural disorders are still only poorly understood. In this paper our aim is to distinguish between primary stereotypic movements, which are the sole manifestation of an anomaly, while the complementary examinations, except for those involving molecular genetics, are normal; associated stereotypic movements, when they meet primary disorder criteria but there are other coexisting independent neurological signs, that is to say, they are neither the cause nor the consequence of the movement disorder; and secondary stereotypic movements, when they are the consequence of a lesion or acquired neurological dysfunction. Examples of primary stereotypic movements include episodes of parasomnia, such as head rocking, in subjects who are otherwise normal, and stereotypic movements due to emotional disorders, severe environmental deprivation or in institutionalised infants. Examples of associated stereotypic movements are those observed in Rett syndrome, in subjects with sensory defects or with mental retardation due to a variety of causes. And as instances of secondary stereotypic movements we have those that can be seen in infinite like syndrome caused by congenital cerebellar lesions. The purpose of the classification is to lay the foundations for the identification of new syndromes, which would without a doubt facilitate research into their physiopathology, their aetiology and the possible therapeutic attitude to be adopted.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Jactatio capitis nocturna with persistence in adulthood. Case report.

Rhythmic movement disorder, also known as jactatio capitis nocturna, is an infancy and childhood sleep-related disorder characterized by repetitive movements occurring immediately prior to sleep onset and sustained into light sleep. We report a 19-year-old man with a history of headbanging and repetitive bodyrocking since infancy, occurring on a daily basis at sleep onset. He was born a premature baby but psychomotor milestones were unremarkable. Physical and neurological diagnostic workups were unremarkable. A hospital-based sleep study showed: total sleep time: 178 min; sleep efficiency index 35.8; sleep latency 65 min; REM latency 189 min. There were no respiratory events and head movements occurred at 4/min during wakefulness, stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep. No tonic or phasic electromyographic abnormalities were recorded during REM sleep. A clinical diagnosis of rhythmic movement disorder was performed on the basis of the clinical and sleep studies data. Clonazepam (0.5 mg/day) and midazolam (15 mg/day) yielded no clinical improvement. Imipramine (10 mg/day) produced good clinical outcome. In summary, we report a RMD case with atypical clinical and therapeutical features.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Standard criteria for relapse are needed in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

To assess how different criteria for relapse affect inferences about relapse in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a post hoc analysis of relapse was conducted using data from a multisite randomized controlled trial comparing clomipramine (CMI), exposure and ritual prevention (EX/RP), and its combination (EX/RP+CMI) in adults with OCD. Different relapse definitions were constructed based on criteria used in prior studies. For each definition, the number of relapsers was computed, and the proportion of relapsers and time to relapse were compared. When applied to this data set, relapse criteria used in prior OCD studies yielded different observed relapse rates (range: 27-63% for CMI; 0-50% for EX/RP; and 7-67% for EX/RP+CMI). Most criteria found that EX/RP responders (with or without CMI) had a significantly lower relapse rate and longer time to relapse after treatment discontinuation than did responders to CMI alone. However, some relapse criteria (e.g., those requiring minimal worsening) found no significant treatment differences in relapse rates or time to relapse, and some generated biases against one treatment or another. Most definitions concurred: in adults with primary OCD, EX/RP treatment (with or without CMI) can produce more durable short-term gains after treatment discontinuation than CMI alone. However, different relapse criteria can lead to very different observed relapse rates and even contradictory inferences about relapse. Standard criteria for relapse are needed in OCD to facilitate comparisons between studies (enabling better treatment guidelines) and to advance research on mechanisms of relapse and relapse prevention.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed2004

Adult-onset tic disorder, motor stereotypies, and behavioural disturbance associated with antibasal ganglia antibodies.

The onset of tics in adulthood is rare and, unlike the childhood variety, there is commonly a secondary environmental cause. We present four cases (1 man, 3 women) with an adult onset tic disorder (mean age of onset, 36 years; range, 27-42 years) associated with the presence of serum antibasal ganglia antibodies (ABGA). One patient had motor tics and unusual motor stereotypies, 2 had multiple motor and vocal tics, and the remaining patient had motor tics only. Concomitant psychiatric disturbance was noted in 3 cases. In 2 cases, there was a close temporal relationship between upper respiratory tract infection and the subsequent onset of tics. Imaging was possible in three cases and was normal in two but revealed a lesion involving the right caudate and lentiform nuclei in the other. We suggest that there might be a causal relationship between ABGA and the clinical syndrome in these cases and that ABGA should be considered as a possible etiology for adult-onset tics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioural and emotional features in Rett syndrome.

PURPOSE/METHOD: There is increasing agreement that many genetic disorders have characteristic behavioural phenotypes; that is genetic anomalies have specific effects on behaviour. In this paper the existing literature is reviewed with an aim to identify behavioural and emotional features that are candidates for Rett syndrome (RS) specific behaviours. RESULT/CONCLUSION: A number of behavioural and emotional features have been reported to be common in individuals with RS. These behaviours may constitute an RS-specific profile of behaviour or behavioural phenotype. Alternatively, these behaviours may simply reflect the multiple disabilities found in individuals with severe or profound cognitive impairment. The diagnostic criteria for Rett syndrome include a number of the behavioural features, such as hand stereotypies and breathing difficulties, although other behavioural features are not included.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Use of an antecedent analysis and a force sensitive platform to compare stereotyped movements and motor tics.

Stereotyped movements displayed by 6 participants and tics displayed by 6 children were evaluated using an antecedent behavioral analysis and a force sensitive platform. We found that tics occurred more often in an alone condition when compared to high preference toy and play conditions, whereas stereotyped movements were more variable across conditions. Using temporal measures and spectral analysis data from the force sensitive platform, we found that stereotyped movements tended to be longer in duration and displayed more rhythmic qualities when compared to tics. Results indicate that stereotyped movements and tics differ both quantitatively and qualitatively and support the use of new technologies, such as force plate technology, to more accurately evaluate these differences.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1993

Stereotyped hand clasping: an unusual tardive movement disorder.

We report an 83-year-old woman with vascular parkinsonism who presented with stereotyped rhythmical hand-clasping movements after 18 months exposure to neuroleptics. Although stereotypical rhythmical orolinguomasticatory and limb movements are the most common tardive dyskinesia in the elderly, we feel this woman's hand clasping represents another unusual expression of a tardive movement disorder.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Paroxysmal stereotypy-tic-dystonia syndrome].

CASE REPORTS: We report the cases of four males from four different families, who presented paroxysmal episodes from the 1st 2nd year. These episodes were characterised by asymmetrical bilateral dystonia of the upper limbs, predominantly in both hands, and were associated with orofacial dyskinesias, stereotipies (jumping, arm flapping, etc.), facial tics and, occasionally, phonic tics. Consciousness is not affected in any of the cases. These movements are triggered in situations where the patient is relaxed or excited. They occur daily and last from a few seconds to 30 minutes. Between the bouts, they remain asymptomatic. Family cases suggest it is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, perhaps linked to the X chromosome; in addition, two cases are sporadic. In the only adult, the movements progress to a series of rhythmic bilateral dystonic myoclonias and facial tics dyskinesias. All the studies carried out, EEG, hemogram, biochemical analysis, neuroimaging, copper and ceruloplasmin levels, were normal. CONCLUSIONS: 1. We report a non epileptic paroxysmal disorder originating in the extrapyramidal tracts with its own characteristics, with onset during early childhood, which is associated with stereotipies, tics and dystonia; 2. It occurs predominantly in males; 3. It is inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, or perhaps sex linked autosomal dominant inheritance, and there are also sporadic cases; 4. The range of clinical features is very wide and includes cases in which there are few symptoms to others where the extent and gravity of the disorder is very significant.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The importance of catatonia and stereotypies in autistic spectrum disorders.

Motor disturbances are often observed in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and recognized as diagnostic features of these disorders. The movement disorders characteristically associated with autism include stereotypies and self-injurious behavior. Yet, individuals with ASD may also be at the risk for catatonia. Although not as frequent as stereotypies, up to 17% of older adolescents and adults with autistic disorder may have severe catatonic-like symptoms. Catatonia may be a comorbid risk factor of autism that warrants further empirical and clinical evaluations. Clinicians may need to be attentive to more subtle signs of catatonic-like symptoms in individuals diagnosed with ASDs, especially as they enter adolescence and young adulthood. Stress has been implicated as a possible precursor for symptoms; however, its role has not been empirically proven as a potential risk factor. Clinicians might also need to assess for signs of significant declines in motor movements, as this appears to be a useful diagnostic indicator of catatonic-like symptoms. The literature on stereotypies and autism is more extensive than for catatonia and ASDs, probably because of the higher rate of stereotypies with autism. Explanations for the occurrence of stereotypies range from genetic to behavioral contingencies, with evidence for a multifactor explanation. Assessment measures often include items that assess for stereotypies to aid with diagnosing these symptoms in individuals with autism. Treatment for stereotypies is largely behavioral at the present time and requires consistent reinforcement of treatment gains to manage the symptoms successfully. An important area of future research in autism is the relation among different types of motor abnormalities, including stereotypies and catatonia.

Adolescent↗