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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Some trial acronyms using famous artists' names such as MICHELANGELO, MATISSE, PICASSO, and REMBRANDT are not true acronyms at all.
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[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 3].
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[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 4].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: case-control Study, Chi scare, Cochrane Collaboration, Cochrane Library, Cohort study, Coefficient of correlation, concordance testing, Informed consent.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 5].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: Consort statement, Odds ratio, Receiver Operating Characteristics curve.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 8].
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[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 9].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: Standard error, Clinical trial, Randomized controlled trial, Cross-over clinical trial, Equivalence trial and non inferiority trial.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 12].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: gold standard, grey literature, heterogeneity, homogeneity, and null hypothesis.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 13].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: incidence, confidence interval, interquartile interval, kappa value.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 15].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: number needed to treat, number needed to harm, clinical relevance, PICO.
[Abecedary of the "Annales". Part 17].
The terms included and detailed in the present part are: QUORUM, randomisation, hazards ratio, likelihood ratio, RevMan, risk reduction, relative risk.
Subclassification of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible.
We present the definitions of various types of fracture of the condylar process, which have been adopted for the Strasbourg Osteosynthesis Research Group (SORG), in their Pan-European prospective randomised controlled trial into the management of such fractures. We think that this will assist people in their description of the various types of fracture of the condylar process.
Persistent hallucinosis in borderline personality disorder.
A case series of 10 patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) presenting with auditory hallucinosis is examined. In this series, the hallucinations were persistent, longstanding, and a significant source of distress and disability. Extrapolating from this series to our sample of 171 patients with BPD suggests that a form of auditory hallucinosis may occur in almost 30% of this population. The failure to emphasize this phenomenon in current systems of classification risks misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. Use of terms such as pseudohallucination or quasi hallucination dismisses the phenomenon as unimportant or as "not real." There is an emerging literature on the frequency of hallucinosis among nonpatients. A basis for understanding different forms of hallucination is discussed with reference to the concept of "normativity." We propose a nomenclature for hallucinosis that is expressed in positive terms, reflecting the clinical significance of the phenomenon in different contexts: (1) normative hallucinosis, (2) traumatic-intrusive hallucinosis (as in our series), (3) psychotic hallucinosis, and (4) organic hallucinosis.
Emergency contraception--a different interpretation.
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Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 1: theoretical background.
This paper sets the stage for a series of reviews dealing with the problems associated with the reconstruction and analysis of in vivo skeletal system kinematics using optoelectronic stereophotogrammetric data. Instantaneous bone position and orientation and joint kinematic variable estimations are addressed in the framework of rigid body mechanics. The conceptual background to these exercises is discussed. Focus is placed on the experimental and analytical problem of merging the information relative to movement and that relative to the morphology of the anatomical body parts of interest. The various global and local frames that may be used in this context are defined. Common anatomical and mathematical conventions that can be used to describe joint kinematics are illustrated in a comparative fashion. The authors believe that an effort to systematize the different theoretical and experimental approaches to the problems involved and related nomenclatures, as currently reported in the literature, is needed to facilitate data and knowledge sharing, and to provide renewed momentum for the advancement of human movement analysis.
Using argumentation to retrieve articles with similar citations: an inquiry into improving related articles search in the MEDLINE digital library.
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between citations and the scientific argumentation found abstracts. We design a related article search task and observe how the argumentation can affect the search results. We extracted citation lists from a set of 3200 full-text papers originating from a narrow domain. In parallel, we recovered the corresponding MEDLINE records for analysis of the argumentative moves. Our argumentative model is founded on four classes: PURPOSE, METHODS, RESULTS and CONCLUSION. A Bayesian classifier trained on explicitly structured MEDLINE abstracts generates these argumentative categories. The categories are used to generate four different argumentative indexes. A fifth index contains the complete abstract, together with the title and the list of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. To appraise the relationship of the moves to the citations, the citation lists were used as the criteria for determining relatedness of articles, establishing a benchmark; it means that two articles are considered as "related" if they share a significant set of co-citations. Our results show that the average precision of queries with the PURPOSE and CONCLUSION features is the highest, while the precision of the RESULTS and METHODS features was relatively low. A linear weighting combination of the moves is proposed, which significantly improves retrieval of related articles.
Using argumentation to extract key sentences from biomedical abstracts.
PROBLEM: key word assignment has been largely used in MEDLINE to provide an indicative "gist" of the content of articles and to help retrieving biomedical articles. Abstracts are also used for this purpose. However with usually more than 300 words, MEDLINE abstracts can still be regarded as long documents; therefore we design a system to select a unique key sentence. This key sentence must be indicative of the article's content and we assume that abstract's conclusions are good candidates. We design and assess the performance of an automatic key sentence selector, which classifies sentences into four argumentative moves: PURPOSE, METHODS, RESULTS and CONCLUSION METHODS: we rely on Bayesian classifiers trained on automatically acquired data. Features representation, selection and weighting are reported and classification effectiveness is evaluated on the four classes using confusion matrices. We also explore the use of simple heuristics to take the position of sentences into account. Recall, precision and F-scores are computed for the CONCLUSION class. For the CONCLUSION class, the F-score reaches 84%. Automatic argumentative classification using Bayesian learners is feasible on MEDLINE abstracts and should help user navigation in such repositories.
Living on the edge: parasite taxonomy in Australia.
The way in which the huge Australian parasite fauna is described (discovery and naming) is the subject of this address. The approach to the task has never been well-organised so that a few groups of parasites are now relatively well-known because of the efforts of small groups of workers who have made sustained efforts in these groups, but equally some host-parasite systems have been almost completely ignored in that no worker has ever given them sustained attention. A high proportion of Australian parasites have been described by international workers. The sustaining of interest in a group of parasites over a long period is the key to real progress being made. The nature of the organisation of Australian science presently means that few positions are available for parasite taxonomists and funding for taxonomic research is scarce. Thus, parasite taxonomy (like the taxonomy of many groups of Australian plants and animals) can only be considered to be in crisis.