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PubMed1967

Threshold limit values.

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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1998

Reduced serum levels of ALT and GGT and high carbohydrate intake among workers exposed to toluene below the threshold limit values.

We have found decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in human males exposed to toluene at low levels, suggesting that toluene exposure or related factors in lifestyles were likely to have lowering effects on serum ALT and GGT activities between toluene-exposed and the control subjects. The present study was attempted to investigate whether there is any difference in nutrient intakes between the two groups. Biochemical results were also analysed together with nutrient intakes. In agreement with our previous reports, the present data also provided significant evidence of lowered serum ALT and GGT activities in toluene-exposed males after age matching (p < 0.05). Energy intakes from carbohydrate, fat and protein were 64.6%, 22.5% and 12.9% in the toluene-exposed group and 62.0% (p < 0.05), 24.8% (p < 0.05) and 13.2%, respectively, in the controls. Multiple regression analysis indicated that carbohydrate, protein and energy intakes are significantly associated with toluene exposure. No significant differences in alcohol consumption, tobacco use, work intensities and physical activities were found between the two groups. The present results suggest that the toluene exposure at levels generally considered to be safe, probably have some biological effects on the liver and related organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pulmonary clearance and lesions in rats after a single inhalation of ultrafine metallic nickel at dose levels comparable to the threshold limit value.

This study aimed to (1) determine the deposition and clearance rates of ultrafine metallic nickel (Uf-Ni) in rats after a 5 hours single inhalation exposure, and (2) to histopathologically examine the pulmonary lesions induced at dose levels comparable to the Occupational Exposure Limit recommended in Japan (OEL). The exposure concentrations of Uf-Ni for the 3 groups were 0.15 (Low), 1.14 (Medium), and 2.54 (High) mg/m3. Five rats/group were sacrificed at 0 h and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post exposure. The amount of Ni in the lung accumulated dose-dependently. The half-times for Ni in the lung were estimated as 32 days on average, and were similar to each other regardless of the initial dosage. The histopathologically observed pulmonary lesions induced by a single inhalation of Uf-Ni were, (1) a significant increase in lung weight in the High and Medium groups with time, (2) accumulation of foamy alveolar macrophages (AM), (3) degenerated AM indicating alveolar lipoproteinosis which was aggravated for up to 4 weeks in the High group and (4) acute calcification of the degenerated AM was remarkable. The present results suggest that even a single inhalation of Uf-Ni induces potency of lung lesions at dose levels comparable to the OEL (1 mg/m3 as Ni), or the TWA of ACGIH (1.5 mg/m3 for elemental/metal).

Animals↗